Matter takes up space. All matter is made up of 4 general properties: Mass, Weight, Volume and Density.

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Matter takes up space. All matter is
made up of 4 general properties Mass, Weight,
Volume and Density.
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Properties of matter

• http//studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/sci
  ence/matter/properties-of-matter.htmhttp//studyja
  ms.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/pr
  operties-of-matter.htm

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GENERAL PROPERTIES SPECIFIC
Properties Mass color

Weight texture

Volume shape
Density
Size
Odor Hardness mall
eable, ductile
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mass-amount of matter in an
object.Weight-measure of the pull of gravity on
an object.Volume-amount of space an object or
liquid takes up.Density-mass per unit volume
DM/V

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Units for mass, weight, volume and density
Mass Kg Weight newtons Volume L for a
liquid cm³ for a solid Density g/mL, Kg
/KL-liquids g/ cm³ , Kg/ m³
-solids
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Weight is different from mass To understand
this, you must first understand gravity Gravity
is a force of attraction between objects that is
due to their masses ? This attraction causes
objects to exert a pull on other objects Because
all matter has mass, all matter experiences
gravity
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• The amount of gravitational attraction between
  objects depends on two things
• The masses of the objects
• 2. The distance between them

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How Mass Distance Affect Gravity Between
Objects

• Gravitational force is smaller between objects
  with smaller masses that are close together vs.
  larger masses close together

Smaller vs. larger masses close together
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• An increase in distance reduces gravitational
  force between two objects

Gravitational force is smaller when further
away vs. closer together
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Weight is a measure of gravitational force
exerted on an object ? For example The brick vs.
the sponge
Larger mass Larger force Larger weight
Smaller mass Smaller force Lower weight
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Liquid Volume

• Measured in liters
• Use a graduated cylinder
• The curve that you see at the liquids surface
  has a special name meniscus ?

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Solid Volumes

• Measured in cubic units, such as cm3 or m3
• Cubic means having three dimensionsL X W X H
• 1 mL 1 cm3 1 g
• For rectangular or square objects
• Volume Length x width x height

Width
Height
Length
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Measuring an irregular solid( object )

• Graduated cylinder or over flow can, and convert
  displaced water in mL to cm3

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Water displacement worksheet

• Do the water displacement worksheet and correct

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• ANSWERS TO WATER DISPLACEMENT
• 9 cm³ 2. 5 cm³ 3. 4
  cm³
• .4 cm³ 5. 3.5 cm³ 6. 1
  cm³
• 1.8 cm³ 8. 7 cm³ 9.
  4 cm³
• 10. 15 cm³ 11. 3 cm³ 12.
  9.5 cm³
• 8.5 cm³ 14. 3 cm³ 15. 3
  cm³
• .7 cm³ 17. 8.5 cm³ 18. 1
  cm³
• 19. 1.1 cm³ 20. 7 cm³ 21.
  10 cm³
• 22. 14 cm³ 23. 5 cm³ 24.
  6 cm³

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Volume lab
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Measuring the Volume of Gases

• How do you measure the volume of a gas?
• You cannot hold a ruler up to a gas
• So its impossible.right?
• Think again ! Gas molecules move________________
  
• A gas expands to fill its container, so
• If you know the volume of the container the gas
  is in
• Then you know the volume of the gas

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density

• Density is the relationship between mass and
  volume.
• It is a proportion. Mass and volume need to be
  calculated.
• Formula D m/v
• http//teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id9332
  2http//teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id933
  22

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DENSITY PROBLEMS

• A coke can has a volume of 355 mL. Its mass is
  50 g.
• What is its density?
• Titanium has a density of 4.5 g/cubic cm. Mass
  of a titanium
• Cube is 4500 g. What is its volume?
• What is the density of a cork that has a mass of
  0.24 g and a volume of 2.0 cubic cm? D
• 4. What is the mass of an ice cube that has a
  volume of 8.0 cubic cm? ( density of ice is 0.92
  g/cubic cm ) Mass

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Answers to problems
D .14 g/mL
V 1000 cubic cm³
D
.12 cm³
M 7.4 g
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Density worksheet 1 and 2

• Answers to ws. 1
• .2 g/cm³
• 2. 1 g/mL
• 3. 12.72 g
• 11.4 g/cm³ lead
• 3.7 g/cm³ aluminum
• 1.9 g/cm³ bone
• .68 g/cm³ gasoline

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• Density worksheet 2 answers
• 2.54 g/cm³
• 4.67 g/cm³
• 6.11 g/cm³
• 0.639 g/cm³
• 0.168 g/cm³
• 2.52 g/cm³
• 0.281 g/cm³
• 4.88 g/cm³
• 1.32 g/cm³
• 7.55 g/cm³
• 3.36 g/cm³
• a) 1.398 g/ mL b) no. Waters density is 1
  g/mL
• 4.046 or 4.05 g/cm³

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Part 2 phases of matter
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What is not matter? Light, Sound,Electricity.
They are all forms of energy. Phases of matter (
or States ) What is steam? Invisible gas. The
water boils at 212 degrees, and it cannot get
hotter. So,the additional energy condenses it to
water droplets, or vapor. To change water into a
solid? Freeze it. To change ice into water?
Melt it.
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Two Pieces of matter cannot occupy the same space
at the same time. There are 4 States or Phases
of Matter. They are Solid, liquid, gas and
Plasma.
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Short video

• http//www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry
  /statesofmatter/http//www.brainpop.com/science/ma
  tterandchemistry/statesofmatter/

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Image Bank
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Solid Particles
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Glass of Liquid
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Liquid Particles
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Gas Particles
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Definite Shape Definite
Volume Solid Yes
Yes Liquid No
Yes Gas No
No Plasma No
No
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Theory of Moving Particles (Kinetic-Molecular
Theory) States of Matter Particle
Distance Particle Speed Solid
No Space between particles Part.
vibrate in place Liquid
Particles slide
Particles moving around
OVER EACH OTHER quicker than
solid. Gas Particles are far
apart Particles moving very
fast Plasma Widely Separated
particles Fastest moving particles
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http//phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/states-of-m
atter
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Bill nye video and worksheet
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Solidshave a variety of shapes. Crystalline
solidsdefinite repeating pattern and shape.
ex salt, sugar, sand, snow Amorphous
solidsa solid that can flow under certain
conditions. Acts like a liquid, and loses
its shape. ex wax, tar, rubber,
glass Liquids------flow differentlysome flow
quickly, some slowly. Viscosityresistance of
liquid to flow. Honey, ketchup, ,lava.

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Physical Property- the characteristics of a
substance that can be measured or observed. ex.
GP, SP Physical Change- affects the physical
properties of the substance (same substance)
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Temperature and Phase Changes Temperature A
measure of how fast/slow the molecules are moving
in a phase of matter. When Temp. rises, heat is
being added. When it goes down, heat is being
taken away. Phase Change A physical change
where heat energy is added or taken away to
change form. It is STILL the same substance.
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5 Phase ChangesPhysical Properties Energy is
what causes particles to move. Adding or
taking away heat energy is what causes matter
change phase. These are physical changes. The
matter changes from 1 form to another, but the
substance is still the same.
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HAND OUT INTERNET LAB ON PHASE CHANGES
http//www.miamisci.org/af/sln/phases/watersolid.h
tmlhttp//www.miamisci.org/af/sln/phases/watersoli
d.html
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Air Pressure in Volleyball
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Frozen pond
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• FreezingChange of a liquid to a solid. (loss of
  heat energy). The freezing point of a substance
  is to its melting point. Water to ice
• Melting---- Change of a solid to a liquid. (gain
  of heat energy). The melting point of a substance
  is to its freezing point. Ex ice to water
• CondensationWhen a gas changes to a liquid.
• ( loss of heat energy) ex steam to water
• VaporizationChange from a liquid to a gas. (gain
  of heat energy)Evaporation-at surface of
  liquid.
• Ex water to steam
• Sublimation---When a solid goes directly to a
  gas, and skips the liquid state. (gain of heat
  energy) ex dry ice, snow.
• Ex snow, dry ice, glaciers
• Deposition when gas goes to solid, skipping
  liquid state.

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Dry ice
water ice
In common

• Solid H2O molecules
• Crystal like
• Brittle
• Clear ( usually )
• Freezing pt of water
• Melts
• 0 degrees C

• Solid CO2
• Not crystal like
• Not brittle
• White
• Below freezing
• Sublimes
• - 75 degrees C

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DRAW
endothermic
exothermic
endothermic
exothermic
endothermic
exothermic
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Endothermic---gain ( absorption ) of heat
energy Exothermic-- loss ( release ) of heat
energy
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Add in
And heat energy !!
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• Ck this out
• substaMelting pt/freezing pt condensationpt/vapor
  ization pt.
• A 14degrees C 120
  degrees C
• B 75 degrees C
  85 degrees C
• C - 45 degrees C 15
  degrees C
• Which is a solid at 65 degrees C?
• 2.What phase is B at 90 degrees C?
• 3. Which substance, A, B or C is a liquid at 60
  degrees C?

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• ANSWERS
• B IS A SOLID AT 65 DEGREES
• B IS A GAS AT 90 DEGREES
• A IS A LIQUID AT 60 DEGREES

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Recap of phase changes OR, changes of state

• http//studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/sci
  ence/matter/solids-liquids-gases.htmhttp//studyja
  ms.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/so
  lids-liquids-gases.htm

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November 26, 2012
Is something New created?
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PART 3 chemical changes of matter
http//studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/sci
ence/matter/changes-of-matter.htm
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Chemical changes and properties

• chemical change
• the process by which a new substance is created.
  Ex brownie mix cooksbecomes brownies.
• chemical reaction
• same as a chemical change involves chemically
  combining substances, to produce a new substance.
  
• chemical Property
• describes how a substance changes into a new
  substance
• Ex paper has the ability to burn and create
  ash.

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SIGNS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Is it rusting ?
Ex Is it tarnishing?( reaction to oxygen in air)
Ex is it Flammable? Ex hairspray ability to
burn( oxygen supports burning, but carbon dioxide
does not!) -- is it burning? Ex wood on
fire -- is it giving off a gas? Ex alka
seltzer and water Is it fizzing? Ex alka
seltzer and water Is it changing color? Ex
leaves changing color Is it Bubbling? Ex alka
seltzer and water
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Recap of chemical and physical Properties and
changes

• Chem prop. Chem changes phys.Prop phys
  changes

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brain pop -property changes use
worksheethttp//www.brainpop.com/science/matteran
dchemistry/propertychanges/
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Gas Laws---only work with a sealed ( fixed )
amount of gas. Volume, temp. and pressure
Boyles Law Inverse Relationship between Volume
and Pressure on a fixed amount of gas. Volume
increases as Pressure decreases. P1V1
P2V2 Charless Law--- Volume varies directly
with the temperature of the gas with a fixed
amount of gas. Volume increases as Temperature
increases. V1         
V2 ------    ------
T1          T2
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BOYLES GAS LAW
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Volume Decreases-Pressure Increases
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CHARLESS GAS LAW
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Pressure and Temperature
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Gas law formulas Boyles P1V1P2V2
Charless V1          V2
------     ------ T1   
      T2
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LETS DO GAS LAW PROBLEMS!
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