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English Literature

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English Literature Outline 1. Anglo- Saxon Literature (Beowulf, Caedmon, Cynewulf, Alfred the Great)) 2. Middle Ages (Wycliffe, Chaucer) 3. Elizabethan Age ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: English Literature


1
English Literature
2
Outline
  • 1. Anglo- Saxon Literature (Beowulf, Caedmon,
    Cynewulf, Alfred the Great))
  • 2. Middle Ages (Wycliffe, Chaucer)
  • 3. Elizabethan Age (Shakespeare, Marlowe)
  • 4. 17th, 18th century (Defoe, Swift, the Age of
    Reason)
  • 5. Romanticism (Byron, Shelley, Keats, Scott,
    Wordsworth, Coleridge)
  • 6. Realism (Dickens. Bromte sisters. Thackeray)
  • 7. Oscar Wilde
  • 8. 20th century

3
Anglo-Saxon Literature
  • 5th century 1066
  • 3 Germanic tribes invaded Britain
  • Angles (occupied England), Saxons, Jutes
  • Anglo- Saxon language
  • A famous king - Alfred the Great (849-901)

4
Alfred the Great
  • 850 invasion of Danes Alfred the Great
    stopped the Danish advance
  • inspired Anglo Saxon Chronicle
  • translated a number of Latin
  • books into English
  • improved education
  • of people

5
Poetry
  • Cynewulf
  • Caedmon
  • Anglo- Saxon poetry
  • heroic narrative poems
  • poems on biblical themes
  • short riddles, elegies

6
Beowulf
  • written in Old English
  • written sometime before the tenth century
    (7th/8th century)
  • describes the adventures of a great Scandinavian
    warrior of the sixth century.
  • A masterpiece
  • Epic poem
  • http//www.lone-star.net/literature/beowulf/

7
Plot
  • Hrothgar King of the Danes is in trouble
  • His castle is visited by a terrible creature
    Grendel (lives in a lake), which kills his men
  • Beowulf attacks the creature and kills it
  • B. becomes a king
  • He also kills its the creatures mother
  • He is wounded and dies

8
The main themes
  • Youth vs. Old age
  • Rise Decline
  • Success Violence
  • Courage

9
  • Head-rhyme ALLITERATION
  • (two or more words beginning with the same sound)
  • there is no rhyming
  • things are described indirectly and in
    combination of words
  • e.g. ship sea goer, sea boat

10
Middle English Literature(1066-15th century)
  • started by the conquest in 1066 when Normans
    brought French into the country
  • everything slowed down
  • 3 languages
  • French at the court, in commerce, government
  • Latin clergy
  • Enlish common people

11
Genres
  • Religious writings,
  • Latin writings,
  • Ballads,
  • Allegories
  • John Wycliffe inspired John Huss, criticized
    Roman Catholic Church

12
Secular Literature
  • Geoffrey Chaucer (1345?-1400)
  • The end of middle ages
  • A group of Pilgrims (30) travelling from London
    to Canterbury
  • The prologue gives vivid picture of 14th century
    society
  • All social levels are represented here

13
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14
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15
  • A merchant, lawyer, sailer, miller, cook, are
    ordinary people, each of them has its own
    character
  • 30 pilgrims assembled in an inn, are about to set
    off for the shrine of Thomas Beckett
  • each of them is supposed to tell 4 tales (but
    its unfinished)

16
  • e.g.
  • The General Prologue
  • The Knight's Tale
  • The Miller's Prologue and Tale
  • The Cook's Prologue and Tale
  • The Man of Law's Prologue and Tale
  • The Wife of Bath's Prologue and Tale

17
  • Chaucers view of life
  • very tolerant
  • full of humour
  • passion
  • against mediaval religious ascetism

18
Elizabethan Age
  • Elizabeth I (1533-1603)
  • the daughter of King Henry VIII and his second
    wife, Anne Boleyn
  • A great flowering of arts and literature
  • Emancipation of secular life
  • Scholars returned to philosophy of Plato and
    Aristotle
  • one of the best loved monarchs, and one of the
    most admired rulers of all time

19
Elizabethan Drama
  • Golden age of drama
  • Theatres were for everybody
  • University Wits a group of intellectuals who
    wrote plays (Ox., Camb. students)
  • e.g. Ch. Marlowe, T. Kyd

20
William Shakespeare
  • (1564-1616)
  • dramatist and poet
  • the greatest of all playwrights
  • b. Strattford-upon- Avon
  • the son of a glovemaker
  • he married Anne Hatheway
  • in 1594 he joined the Lord Chamberlains Men,
    later called the Kings men
  • 1599 bought the Globe

21
  • Wrote 37 plays
  • historical plays
  • comedies
  • tragedies
  • Retired to Strattford, died and buried there

22
Comedies
  • Dva šlechtici veronští (The Two Gentlemen of
    Verona) 1595
  • Jak se vám líbí (As You Like it) 1601
  • Komedie plná omylu (The Comedy of Errors) 1593
  • Konec vše napraví Konec dobrý, všechno dobré
    (All's Well That Ends Well) 1603
  • Kupec benátský (The Merchant of Venice) 1597
  • Marná lásky snaha 1595 (Love's Labor's Lost)

23
  • Mnoho povyku pro nic (Much Ado About Nothing)
    1599
  • Sen noci svatojánské (A Midsummer Night's Dream)
    1596
  • Vecer tríkrálový (Twelth Night) 1602
  • Veselé panicky windsorské (The Merry Wives of
    Windsor) 1601
  • Zkrocení zlé ženy (The Taming of the Shrew) 1594

24
Tragedies
  • Antonius a Kleopatra (Antonius and Cleopatra)
    1607
  • Hamlet 1604
  • Julius Caesar 1599
  • Král Lear (King Lear) 1606
  • Macbeth 1606
  • Othello 1605
  • Romeo a Julie (Romeo and Juliet) 1595
  • Timon athénský (Timon of Athens) 1608
  • Titus Andronicus 1594

25
Historical Plays
  • Jindrich IV. (Henry IV), 1598 - 1600
  • Jindrich V. (Henry V) 1599
  • Jindrich VI. (Henry VI), tri díly 1591
  • Jindrich VIII. (Henry VIII) 1611
  • Král Jan (King John) 1597
  • Richard II. 1596
  • Richard III. 1593

26
17th century
  • The Age of Reason
  • The Restoration of Monarchy 1660 and the Glorious
    Revolution big changes in political and social
    life
  • technical progress, development of culture,
    manners, education
  • interest in philosophy
  • Silver Age of Drama
  • (elaborate staging, light effects, songs, women
    players)

27
John Milton
  • Paradise Lost
  • Paradise Regained

28
18th century
  • Development of journalism
  • Jonathan Swift Gullivers Travels
  • Daniel Defoe Robinson Crusoe
  • Henry Fielding Tom Jones, History of a
    Foundling

29
Romanticism
  • Late 19th century
  • Strong use of feeling, exploration of nature and
    supernatural
  • Against logic and reason
  • Nature is the source of the truth and beauty

30
  • Lake Poets
  • (Wordworth, Coleridge) - 1st period of
    romanticism
  • Lyrical Ballads the official beginning of
    romanticism
  • Inspiration from the Lake District in England

31
Romantic Revolt
  • The romantic movement culminated in the works of
  • G.B. Byron (Childe Harolds Pilgrimage),
  • P.B. Shelley (Prometheus Unbound),
  • John Keats
  • and Sir Walter Scott (Ivanhoe)

32
Victorian Age
  • Queen Victoria (1837-1901)
  • Britain the strongest
  • world power
  • Great industrial, financial,
  • commercial power
  • Social inequalities and
  • contrasts

33
  • Novel was the most influential literary form

34
Bronte sisters
  • Charlotte (Jane Eyre)
  • Emily (Wuthering Heights)
  • Anne (Agnes Grey)
  • Protest against everything inhuman and cruel
    (moral, psychological problems)
  • Jane Austin (Pride and Prejudice, Sense and
    Sensibility)

35
Critical Realism
  • True description of reality
  • Charles Dickens life of poor people in th e
    19th century
  • He himself suffered in his childhood and his
    experience can be found in his works
  • Combines comic and serious situations

36
His major novels
  • Little Dorrit
  • The Pickwick Papers
  • Oliver Twist
  • David Copperfield
  • Great Expectations
  • Nicholas Nickleby

37
William Makepeace Thackery
  • Novels against
  • snobbery,hypocrisy
  • Vanity Fair compares
  • the lives of two different
  • characters
  • manipulating Rebecca
  • and gentle, sentimental
  • Amelia

38
Modern literature
  • Choose some of the authors you know and talk
    about them
  • E.g.
  • Oscar Wilde G.B. Shaw
  • James Joyce J.R.R. Tolkien
  • Virginia Woolf George Orwell
  • Rudyard Kipling Agatha Christie
  • Samuel Beckett R.L. Stevenson
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