NEUTRINO MASSES AND OSCILLATIONS Triumphs and Challenges - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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NEUTRINO MASSES AND OSCILLATIONS Triumphs and Challenges

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Title: NEUTRINO MASSES AND OSCILLATIONS Triumphs and Challenges Author: BMCK Last modified by: Robert McKeown Created Date: 3/29/2004 6:59:07 PM Document presentation ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: NEUTRINO MASSES AND OSCILLATIONS Triumphs and Challenges


1
NEUTRINO MASSES AND OSCILLATIONSTriumphs and
Challenges
R. D. McKeown Caltech
2
Outline
  • Historical introduction
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Vacuum Oscillations
  • Matter Oscillations
  • Neutrino Masses
  • The Near Future
  • Outlook


3
Historical Perspective
UP CHARM TOP
DOWN STRANGE BOTTOM
ELECTRON ne MUON nm TAU nt
n1 n2 n3
4
New Periodic Table
5
Discovery of the Neutrino 1956
F. Reines, Nobel Lecture, 1995
6
EarlyHistory
  • 1936- discovery of the muon
  • (I. Rabi Who ordered that ??)
  • 1950s - discovery of ns at nuclear reactors
  • 1958 B. Pontecorvo proposes neutrino
    oscillations
  • 60s and 70s n were studied with accelerator
    experiments ne ? nm

"All you have to do is imagine something that
does practically nothing. You can use your
son-in-law as a prototype."
7
More Recent History
  • 1968 1st solar n anomaly evidence
  • 1980s new interest in neutrino masses and
    oscillations
  • ns as dark matter??
  • 1980-present the quest for neutrino oscillations
  • 1998 Super-Kamiokande obtains first evidence for
    neutrino oscillations

8
Two Generation Model
9
Length Energy Scales
Super-K!!
En 1 GeV, Dm210-3 eV2 , L 1240 km
10
30 kton H20 Cherenkov 11000 20 PMTs
11
Super-Kamiokande Results
Wn gt 0.001
g K2K, MINOS
12
Length Energy Scales
Super-K
En 1 GeV, Dm210-3 eV2 , L 1240 km
Chooz, Palo Verde
En 1 MeV, Dm210-3 eV2 , L 1.2 km
13
Reactor Neutrino Experiments
  • ne from n-rich fission products
  • detection via inverse beta decay (nepgen)
  • Measure flux and energy spectrum
  • Variety of distances L 10-1000 m

14
(No Transcript)
15
Precise Measurements
Flux and Energy Spectrum g 1-2
16
Early Reactor Oscillation Searches
103
Distance (m)
17
Enter
  • Long Baseline (180 km)
  • Calibrated source(s)
  • Large detector (1 kton)
  • Deep underground (2700 mwe)

18
Length Energy Scales
Super-K
En 1 GeV, Dm210-3 eV2 , L 1240 km
Chooz, Palo Verde
En 1 MeV, Dm210-3 eV2 , L 1.2 km
En 1 MeV, Dm210-5 eV2 , L 125 km
19
Designed to test solar neutrino oscillation
parameters on Earth (!) KamLAND has a much
longer baseline than previous (reactor)
experiments
Statistical errors only
20
Only a few places in the World could host an
experiment like KamLAND
21
KamLAND uses the entire Japanese nuclear
power industry as a longbaseline source
22
Narrow baseline range 85.3 of signal has 140
km lt L lt 344 km
  • The total electric power produced as a
  • by-product of the ns is
  • 60 GW or...
  • 4 of the worlds manmade power or
  • 20 of the worlds nuclear power

23
Spectrum Distortion
24
KamLAND Detector
1000 Ton
(135 mm)
1879
(Cosmic veto)
25
Selecting antineutrinos, Epromptgt2.6MeV
5.5 m fiducial cut
  • - Rprompt, delayed lt 5.5 m
  • - ?Re-n lt 2 m
  • - 0.5 µs lt ?Te-n lt 1 ms
  • 1.8 MeV lt Edelayed lt 2.6 MeV
  • 2.6 MeV lt Eprompt lt 8.5 MeV
  • Tagging efficiency 89.8

(543.7 ton)
Balloon edge
  • In addition
  • 2s veto for showering/bad µ
  • 2s veto in a R 3m tube along track
  • Dead-time 9.7

26
Ratio of Measured and Expected ne Flux from
Reactor Neutrino Experiments
27
Measurement of Energy Spectrum
28
Oscillation Effect
29
KamLAND best fit Dm2 7.9 x 10-5 eV2 tan2q
0.45
30
(No Transcript)
31
Solar Neutrino Energy Spectrum
32
More missing neutrinos
33
Neutrino Oscillations?
Rorbit
Just So ???
34
Length Energy Scales
Super-K
En 1 GeV, Dm210-3 eV2 , L 1240 km
Chooz, Palo Verde
En 1 MeV, Dm210-3 eV2 , L 1.2 km
En 1 MeV, Dm210-5 eV2 , L 125 km
En 1 MeV, Dm210-11 eV2 , L 108 km
35
Matter Enhanced Oscillation (MSW)
Mikheyev, Smirnov, Wolfenstein
36
Enter SNO
ne d g p p e- ( CC )
nx d g p n nx ( NC )
nx e- g nx e- ( ES )
37

38
Combined fit with solar neutrino data
Dm27.90.6-0.5x10-5 eV2 tan2q0.400.10-0.07
39
Open circles combined best fit Closed circles
experimental data
40
RECENT NEWSMiniBOONE refutes LSND!
LSND ruled out at 98 confidence
41
Maki Nakagawa Sakata Matrix
Future Reactor Experiment!
CP violation
42
lt
Why so different???
43
New Periodic Table
44
The Mass Puzzle
Seesaw mechanism
45
Why havent we seen nR?Extra Dimension
  • All charged particles are on a 3-brane
  • Right-handed neutrinos SM gauge singlet
  • ? Can propagate in the bulk
  • Makes neutrino mass small
  • (Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos, Dvali, March-Russell
  • Dienes, Dudas, Gherghetta)
  • Barbieri-Strumia SN1987A constraint
  • ?Warped extra dimension (Grossman, Neubert)
  • or more than one extra dimensions
  • Or SUSY breaking
  • (Arkani-Hamed, Hall, HM, Smith, Weiner
  • Arkani-Hamed, Kaplan, HM, Nomura)

(From H.Murayama)
46
The Quest for q13at the Daya Bay Nuclear
Power Plant
  • Baseline 2km
  • More powerful reactors
  • Multiple detectors ? measure ratio

47
Daya Bay nuclear power plant
  • 4 reactor cores, 11.6 GW
  • 2 more cores in 2011, 5.8 GW
  • Mountains provide overburden to shield cosmic-ray
    backgrounds

48
DYB NPP region Location and surroundings
55 km
49
Experiment Layout
50
Detector modules
  • Three zone modular structure
  • I. target Gd-loaded scintillator
  • II. g-catcher normal scintillator
  • III. Buffer shielding oil
  • Reflector at top and bottom
  • 192 8PMT/module
  • Photocathode coverage
  • 5.6 ? 12(with reflector)

20 t Gd-LS
LS
oil
Target 20 t, 1.6m g-catcher 20t, 45cm Buffer
40t, 45cm
51
Sensitivity to Sin22q13

90 CL, 3 years
  • Experiment construction 2008-2010
  • Start acquiring data 2010
  • 3 years running

52
Goals for the future
  • Establish q13 non-zero
  • Measure CP violation
  • Determine mass hierarchy

Also Majorana or Dirac Sterile species?
53
ne Appearance
T2K- From Tokai To Kamioka
CP violation
matter
54
NOnA - New Fermilab Proposal
L 810 km
55
(No Transcript)
56
Parameters Consistent with a 1 and 4 nm?ne
oscillation probability
57
Daya Bay will complement NOnA
normal
Daya Bay
dCP
inverted
NOnA (5 yr n)
58
(No Transcript)
59
FNALto Homestake
60
(No Transcript)
61
Neutrino Factory -- CERN layout
1016p/s
1.2 1014 m/s 1.2 1021 m/yr
_
0.9 1021 m/yr
m ? e ne nm
3 1020 ne/yr 3 1020 nm/yr
oscillates ne ? nm interacts giving m- WRONG
SIGN MUON
interacts giving m
62
Beta Beams
63
Other Future Studies
  • Double beta decay (mlt0.1 eV)
  • (Majorana only!)
  • Direct measurements (mlt 1 eV)
  • (KATRIN)
  • Cosmological Input (mlt0.2 eV)
  • (Planck satellite)

64
My prediction
  • We will measure
  • neutrino mass hierarchy
  • CP violation in n mixing

And know the role of ns in
  • particle physics
  • cosmology

All in time for Keh-Feis 70th !!
65
Happy Birthday Keh-Fei !!
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