History of Air Flight and Lighter than Air Crafts (LTA)

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History of Air Flight and Lighter than Air Crafts
(LTA)

• Aerospace Class
• Mrs. Gallenberger

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Since the dawn of civilization, man has expressed
his desire to fly.We looked up into the sky and
saw the birds, clouds, stars, moon, sun and the
planets and wondered what it would be like to
go there.
NOTES Lighter than Air Flight
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NOTES Lighter than Air Flight

• One of the most important inventions that led to
  flight was the printing pressweird!
• The printing press brought the price of books
  down and made the wide distribution of books
  possible.
• People were able to SHARE information and
  knowledge with others scientific knowledge
  began to accumulate

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NOTES Lighter than Air Flight

• For example the man credited with inventing the
  hot air balloon, Father Laurenco de Gusmao, made
  some small models and demonstrated on of them for
  the king of Portugal in 1709.
• The main contribution that he made to flight was
  that records of this demonstration were recorded
  and widely read throughout Europe.

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NOTES Lighter than Air Flight

• One of the first people to make significant
  drawings of aircraft was the great artist and
  painter Leonardo da Vinci
• Leonardo da Vinci was born April 15, 1452 in
  Anchiano, near Vinci, Italy, and died May 2, 1519
  in Cloux, France.

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NOTES Lighter than Air Flight

• There appears to be no field of knowledge where
  Leonardo da Vinci has not made a contribution to
  the world
• anatomy, physiology, mechanics, hydraulics,
  physics, mathematics, writing, engineering,
  philosophy, orbital mechanics, botany, optics
  were all studied and revealed by his genius.

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NOTES Lighter than Air Flight

• Leonardo da Vinci invented many things,
  including
• The first parachute
• An 8 barrelled machine gun
• A giant crossbow
• An armoured car
• Boats
• Several flying machines including an
  Ornithopter

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The first airships that were invented were
balloons.
NOTES Lighter than Air Flight
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NOTES Lighter than Air Flight
Two brothers, Joseph and Etienne Montgolfier,
made manned, lighter-than-air flight possible.
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NOTES Lighter than Air Flight
The Montgolfier brothers are generally given
credit for the invention of the hot air balloon.
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NOTES Lighter than Air Flight

• The two brothers were not scientiststhey were
  paper-makers who lived in France.
• They were highly educated, and interested in
  science and flight.

• They studied the research of an English scientist
  named Joseph Priestly.
• Priestly had discovered OXYGEN (the element) in
  1774, and had written papers on the properties of
  air.

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NOTES Lighter than Air Flight

• One evening, while watching the fire in his
  fireplace, Joseph became interested in the
  force that caused the sparks and smoke to rise.
• He made a small bag out of silk and lit a fire
  underneath the opening at the bottom causing it
  to rise.
• The brothers thought that the burning created a
  new gas, which they named Montgofier Gas,
  causing the bag to rise.

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NOTES Lighter than Air Flight

• In June 1783, the brothers put on their 1st
  demonstration using a paper-lined linen bag that
  was 38-feet in diameter.
• The balloon rose to an altitude of 6,000 and
  traveled over a mile before landing.

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NOTES Lighter than Air Flight

• In a demonstration at the Academy of Science in
  Paris, the Montgolfier brothers sent up 3
  animals
• a sheep,
• a rooster
• and a duck
• After this demonstration, it was time to send up
  a human.

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NOTES Lighter than Air Flight

• In Paris, on November 21, 1783, two men flew for
  the first time in a lighter than air craft.
• Pilatre de Rozier
• Later became the first man killed in an aircraft
  accident
• Marquis dArlandes
• An infantry officer
• The flight lasted 25 minutes and covered a little
  more than five miles.

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AEROSPACE VOCABULARY

• Aeronaut the pilot of a balloon or other
  lighter-than-air aircraft a traveler in an
  airship.
• Atmosphere the ocean of air that surrounds
  the earth.
• Ambient temperature the temperature of the
  surrounding environment.

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AEROSPACE VOCABULARY

• Archimedes Principle the law that a body
  immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force
  (buoyant force) equal to the weight of the fluid
  displaced by the body.
• Ballast something heavy, as bags of sand,
  placed in the car of a balloon for control of
  altitude object(s) placed in an aircraft to
  control the position of the center of gravity.

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AEROSPACE VOCABULARY

• Buoyancy the upward force exerted by liquids or
  gasses.
• Density the relationship of mass per unit of
  volume (density mass / volume)
• Displacement to push out of the way distance
  which something has moved from its original
  position.
• Expand to stretch or spread to make larger in
  size.

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AEROSPACE VOCABULARY

• Fluid a substance, as a liquid or gas, that is
  capable of flowing.
• Force power of energy strength to move
  something.
• Gores triangular piece of fabric or material
  used to construct a hot air balloon.

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AEROSPACE VOCABULARY

• Helium extremely light gaseous element with no
  color the second lightest element on the
  periodic table.
• Hydrogen nonmetallic element which is a highly
  flammable gas the LIGHTEST element on the
  periodic table.

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AEROSPACE VOCABULARY

• Inert without power to move or act having
  little or no ability to react.
• Meteorology the science dealing with the
  atmosphere and its phenomena, including weather
  and climate the study of the atmosphere.
• Oxygen breathable air in Earths atmosphere.

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AEROSPACE VOCABULARY

• Pressure a force exerted by one body upon
  another the exertion of force upon a surface by
  an object, fluid, etc., in contact with it.
• Specific Gravity the ratio of the density of
  any substance to the density of some other
  substance taken as standard.
• Volatile tending to change readily into a
  vapor, especially at ordinary temperatures.