Bioinformatics

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Bioinformatics

• Original definition (1979 by Paulien Hogeweg)
• application of information technology and
  computer science to the field of molecular
  biology
• Using information technology, designing novel
  algorithms and methods of analyses
  (computational biology)
• Establishing innovative software and databases of
  information, allowing open access to the records
  held within them
  (bioinformatics)

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Bioinformatics is interdisciplinary
Mathematics Statistics Computer Science
Biomedicine
Molecular Biology Structural Biology
Bioinformatics
Biophysics
Ethical, legal and social implications
Evolution
Patrice Koehl
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Genomics genes give rise to proteins

• The 25,000 genes of the human genome encode gt
  100,000 polypeptides
• Not all of the DNA in a genome encodes protein
• microbes 90 coding gene
• human 3 coding gene
• About ½ of the non-coding DNA in humans is
  conserved (functionally important)

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Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
Genotype
Replication
DNA
Transcription
RNA
Translation
Protein
Phenotype
Patrice Koehl
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DNA structure
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RNA structure
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Protein structure
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mRNA synthesis
The mRNA is formed by adding nucleotide that are
complementary to the template strand
Patrice Koehl
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Translation mRNA -gt protein
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TRANSLATION

• The process of reading the mRNA sequence and
  creating the protein
• is called translation
• Protein are made of amino acids (20 different,
  9 essentials)
• 3 bases or nucleotides make one codon
• Each codon specifies one amino acid genetic
  code

Patrice Koehl
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3-letter Codon -gt amino acid
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Translation initiation
Patrice Koehl
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Translation initiation
tRNA
Patrice Koehl
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Translation elongation
tRNA
Patrice Koehl
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Translation elongation
Patrice Koehl
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Translation elongation
Patrice Koehl
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Translation elongation
Patrice Koehl
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Translation termination
Patrice Koehl
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Translation termination
Protein
Patrice Koehl
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DNA -gt RNA -gt Proteins

• Proteins are central to life
• Cellular structure, communications, etc.
• Medical, drug development
• Failure -gt disease (ex missing, misfolding)
• The key to protein function is structure

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Proteins
immunoglobulin
collagen
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Huntingtons amyloid structure
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Animations

• Transcription and Translation
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vYnmxwqiv7j8fea
  turerelated
• Eukariotic Transcription
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vP6Nyce-4oG4feature
  related