Recent Progress in Television

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Recent Progress in Television

• Christoph Dosch
• David Wood
• ITU-R Study Group 6

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What to expect?
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What is the progress?

• Increasing the viewers sense of involvement and
  quality of experience.
• Increasing the range and type of services that
  the viewer is able to access on the same terminal
  (convergence).
• Increasing the efficiency by which the services
  are delivered.
• Made possible by technology improvements in
  displays and IC density.

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Where are the main areas of progress in practice?

• HDTV, UHDTV (Ultra-HD, Super Hi-Vision).
• Stereoscopic 3DTV (with glasses)
• Frame Compatible (FC) S-3DTV
• Service Compatible (SC) S-3DTV
• Auto-stereoscopic AS-3DTV (no glasses)
• Broadband/Broadcast convergence
• Smart TV, Second Screen, or Combination
• We concentrate for this presentation on the first
  two above but provide a bit of info on the latter
  two

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But what makes media technology successful is
changing!

• The Old Success Factors
• Content available
• Furniture value
• Image/Sound Quality
• Usability
• Continuous Externalities
• Price
• The New Elements
• Playback failure
• Social context
• Contiguous Externalities
• Prior experiences/Expectations
• Personal skills available
• Price

The Inactive Generation 34 plus years old
The Interactive Generation 0 -to-34 years old
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Quality of Experience factors to consider

• Static resolution and sharpness
• Dynamic resolution (strobing, judder, detail
  in moving objects)
• Flicker
• Colour fidelity (primaries, colour encoding)
• Dynamic range (bit/sample, transfer
  characteristic)
• Depth perception (depth cues)
• Audio object localization and fidelity
• Need improving them with a significant step in
  a balanced, affordable, and comfortable way
• Backward compatibility can also be important

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System Efficiency factors to consider

• Video Compression
• Audio Compression
• Transport Layer
• Modulation systems
• Need improving them in a significant step in a
  balanced and affordable way, in line with
  quality factors
• Backward compatibility can also be important

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Who does what in UHDTV?
Rec. ITU BT.2020 Parameters for UHDTV
CEA / DE
UHD-1 Test material
FTV - BeyondHD
ITU-R SG6 WP6c
UHD-1 vs HDTV
Frame rate issues?
EBU
ITU-R
Report ITU BT 2246-1 State of UHDTV systems
UHDTV
DVB
CM/TM - AVC
SMPTE
CM - UHDTV
24TB SG on UHDTV Ecosystem
jointly withITU-T (H.265)
Main profile
Main 10 profile
SMPTE 2036 2 Audio characteristics and audio
mapping
SMPTE 2036 3 Mapping of UHDTV in 10Gbps
interface
32NF Multilink 3G SDI
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ITU

• Created the current reference document for UHDTV
  image parameters Rec. ITU-R BT 2020 - Aug12.
• ITU-R BT 2246-1 Aug12. provides a report on
  the study of the different UHDTV parameters
  listed in BT 2020
• Available for download on the ITU website of
  Study Group 6
• http//www.itu.int/ITU-R/index.asp?categorystudy-
  groupsrlinkrsg6langen
• (Click on Publications)

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Rec. ITU-R BT.2020

• Two UHDTV levels 8 Mpixels and 32 Mpixels
  images
• Assembled multiples of HDTV 1080p/1920 4 and 16
  times
• Parameter values were chosen to be future-proof
  to last 30 years
• New wider colour primaries
• Option of constant luminance YUV coding
• Bit depth 10 and 12 bits/sample
• Frame rates up to 120Hz (for better motion
  portrayal)

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Parameters in THE UHDTV signal format
Parameter Value Value
Aspect Ratio 16x9 16x9
Pixel Raster 3840x2160 (4k), 7680x4320 (8k) 3840x2160 (4k), 7680x4320 (8k)
Pixel aspect ratio 11 (square pixels) 11 (square pixels)
Scan Progressive Progressive
Frame Rate 120, 60, 60/1.001, 50, 30, 30/1.001, 25, 24, 24/1.001 120, 60, 60/1.001, 50, 30, 30/1.001, 25, 24, 24/1.001
Precision 10 bits 12 bits
Code for Reference Black 64 256
Code for Reference White 940 3760
Value for Reference Black (cd/m2) unspecified unspecified
Value for Reference White (cd/m2) unspecified unspecified
Non-linear coding LinearGamma 2.2 (same as Rec.709) LinearGamma 2.2 (same as Rec.709)
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What happens to quality with increasing spatial
resolution?
Quality proportional to square root of
resolution
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Higher frame rate improves viewing experience
UHD-2 32Mpixels 16x1080p Displays 2020? ? ?
UHD-1 8Mpixels 4x1080p Displays 2014? ? ? ?
Movie Frame rates. 24,25,30 Hz TV Frame rates. 50, 60, 60/1.001 Higher Frame rates. 100,120 Hz
Similar to DCI movie format content readily
available
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• The Future is Faster 50 and 60fps are too low
  frame rates
• Static Resolution in UHDTV is much better than SD
• Dynamic Resolution no better than SD unless
  frame-rate is increased

SD50 Hz
UHDTV60 Hz
HD50 Hz
UHDTV120 Hz
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Do we need new DVB delivery systems for UHDTV?

• DVB-S2 has the capacity for UHD-1, and it will be
  followed by new satellite systems with higher
  capacity (backwards compatible/non backwards
  compatible)
• DVB-T2 is adequate for UHD-1, but system with
  MIMO may be valuable for UHD-2
• UHDTV probably needs an adaptive streaming system
  for broadband Internet

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Korea Terrestrial UHD-1 is on trial with
DVB-T2 today.
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Audio for UHDTV

• No ITU agreement on new system yet
• Large screens make height localization more
  valuable
• Screen surround may include speakers, or
  speakers may be around the room?
• Three basic approaches channel based, scene
  based, and object based
• Channel based e.g 22.2 ch. and 10.2 ch.
• Scene based e.g. ambisonics
• Object based e.g. ATMOS
• All could also be used with binaural
  headphones!
• Proposals to ITU has been made for universal
  speaker location system

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Two broadcast profiles under discussion in DVB
project, drawing on BT.2020

• For use in 2014/2015, the UHD-1C profile.
  (Cconventional frame rate)
• Up to 60Hz.
• 5.1 audio.
• 10 bits/sample
• but include 1080p/up to 120Hz in decoder
• For use in 2017/2018, the UHD-1H profile (Hhigh
  frame rate)
• up to 120Hz
• High Dynamic Range metadata
• scalable video so UHD-1C and UHD-1H are forward
  and backward compatible.
• advanced audio system

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3DTV - ITU Profiles and Levels

• First Generation 3DTV (two views)
• Level 0 3DTV Anaglyph
• Level 1 3DTV Frame Compatible (half of
  vertical/horizontal resolution)
• Level 2 3DTV Frame Compatible with top up
• Level 3 3DTV Service Compatible (L difference
  signal)
• Second Generation 3DTV (multiple lateral views)
• Third Generation 3DTV (Object Wave Recording)

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The 3DTV situation Today

• S-3DTV displays widely available using either
  polarization plane or shutter glass viewing.
• Most used broadcast system today is the DVB
  Frame Compatible (FC) system
• Blu Ray system is a Service Compatible (SC)
  system with an MVC (multiple video coding) top
  up signal
• Some use (Korea) of a Dual Stream (DS) system
  with independent L and R HDTV images (mixed
  MP2/MP4)
• Future (next ten years) probably lies with an
  AS-3DTV system, using Ultra-HD displays that
  display multiple images, with screen coating that
  directs the viewers eyes to one pairs of images
  

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3DTV or UHDTV WHICH IS BEST? UHDTV suit
different things.

• 3DTV suits certain types of programme content.
  Benefits come where you can get cameras
  physically close to the action, and where there
  is limited action.
• UHDTV suits certain types of content. Benefits
  come when there is a large canvas event with
  lots of detail and motion.
• Both 3DTV and UHDTV have strengths!

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One of the big UHDTV jobs to be done -Metadata

• To allow for different display colour primaries
  (2020 is close to OLED primaries, but others in
  practical use as well)
• To allow for different colour encoding (CL and
  non CL)
• To signal frame rates
• To signal audio system
• Would you like to help?

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IBB Integrated Broadcast-Broadband systems

• ITU-Term for convergence at the service level
  (Report to be published in BT series)
• Examples are HbbTV (Europe), YouView (UK) or
  HybridCast (Japan)
• Receivers/terminals are equipped with both a
  broadcast and an Internet interface broadcast
  and Internet-based services cooperate (or not)
• Such TV receivers or set-top boxes are often
  called Connected TV or Smart TV
• Most flat screens sold today are Smart TVs

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Example HbbTV (Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV)
An Open ETSI Standard

• Current version ETSI TS 102 796 v1.2.1
  (November 2012)First ETSI standard (version 1.0)
  in June 2010
• Work ongoing towards version 2.0 (with support
  of the EU project HBB-NEXT)
• All references under www.hbbtv.org
• The HbbTV specification does not depend on a
  particular broadcast link nor on a particular IP
  link. It may be applicable with either or
  connection, but gains most momentum in a
  connected environment to broadcast and broadband

http//www.hbb-next.eu/
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The RED BUTTON function
Examples of using HbbTV
When selecting a TV programme, the RED BUTTON
signals possible access to HbbTV services
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Launcher application (first national German
programme)
Examples of using HbbTV
After pushing the RED BUTTON on the remote
control the START PAGE appears
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Second Screen for easy operation and additional
services (e.g. for barrier-free TV)
Examples of using HbbTV
Ideal for additional services such as sign
language, audio description, clear audio or
spoken subtitles (with or without mixed original
sound)
Via the tablet the TV application can be made
invisible (Demonstration at IFA 2012 jointly
provided by IRT and rbb)
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Use of HbbTV in combination with a 2nd Screen
Principle of the Second Screen framework
Any display device that allows connection to
Internet can be used
Diagramme HBB-NEXT
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Conclusions

1. Progress is due to improvements in IC density and
   display technology
2. These allow systems with greater efficiency
3. Progress comes in the quality of experience,
   efficiency and range of services on the same
   terminal (plus convergence)
4. Most important for the next 5 years may be UHD-1
   and possibly auto-stereoscopic 3DTV on UHD-1
   displays
5. But what makes a system successful is changing!

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Thank you for listening!

• Christoph Dosch David Wood
• dosch_at_irt.de wood_at_ebu.ch
• Chair ITU-R SG 6 Chair ITU-R WP 6C
• www.irt.de www.ebu.ch