Ch. 25 PPT America Moves to the CITY

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Ch. 25 PPT America Moves to the CITY
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Tmwk Ch 25

• 1. Graph pg 560 What topic is the graph
  depicting? Share one pattern or trend from the
  graph. When did more than half live in the city?
• 2. Diagram Pg 561 Describe how it was to live in
  a dumbbell tenement.

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Megalopolis

• 1870 40 million pop.
• 1900 80 million (pop. Doubles)
• Pop in city triples
• 1900 NY 3.5 million ppl
• Skyscrapers Architect Louis Sullivan Helped by
  electric elevator
• Mass Transit electric trolleys enable people to
  live further from work leads to development of
  suburbs

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Appeal of the City

• Jobs
• Electricity, Indoor Plumbing
• Telephones
• Department Stores Consumerism - people purchase
  many types of goods
• Entertainment and progress

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Humanity Compressed

• Rich vs Poor widening class divisions
• Poor moved to treeless Ghettoes rich moved to
  Green Suburbs
• Dumbbell Tenements very little ventilation,
  unhealthy conditions.
• Slums Lung Block
• City neighborhoods became segregated by race,
  ethnicity, and social class.
• Issues impure water, uncollected garbage

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TMWK

• 3A. Pg 570 Graph What countries did the Old
  Immigration come from? Describe these countries
  in geographic terms.
• 3B. What countries did the New Immigration come
  from? Describe these countries in geographic
  terms.
• 3C. Around what time period did more New
  Immigrants start to migrate to the U.S. compared
  to Old Immigrants?
• 3D. Why did New Immigration decline during the
  time period of 1911-1920? Add OI

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New Immigration

• By 1880s increase in 5 million immigrants each
  decade
• Until 1880s most immigrants came from British
  Isles and Western Europe.
• New Immigrants By 1880s, many came from
  Southern and Eastern Europe - mostly illiterate,
  poor, few came from democratic govts.
• Urban political bosses unofficial govts who
  took care of immigrant needs in exchange for
  their loyalty provided jobs, found them
  housing, helped build schools, parks, hospitals.
• Little Italys Many new immigrants settled into
  communities of their ethnic groups, maintaining
  language and customs.

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New Immigration (Cont.)

• Why Immigrate to US?
• American Letters written to Europe describing
  the opportunities and luxuries in America.
• Growing European population and job competition.
• American Industrialists advertising Am. jobs in
  Europe. They wanted low wage labor, railroads
  wanted buyers for their land grants.
• Better opportunities jobs, free from military
  conscription and religious persecution.
• Persecution of minorities, especially Jews, in
  Europe.
• Fears
• Many Americans feared new immigrants wouldnt
  assimilate, would out-vote them, take their jobs.

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Immigration
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TMWK

• 4. Graph Pg 562 Explain two trends or patterns
  between the years 1870-1940. Add OI

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Reactions to Immigration

• Social Gospel Protestant Christian movement
  bringing to light issues of new immigrants and
  industrial society - social justice, poverty,
  liquor, crime, race tensions, slums, bad hygiene,
  child labor, inadequate labor unions, poor
  schools
• Walter Rauschenbusch and Washington Gladden
  church should tackle social issues.
• Role of church salvation of humankind and
  promotion of social righteousness.
• Abolition of child labor.
• Reduction of work hrs for Moms.
• Ended 12 hr work day at U.S. Steel Corp.
• Promoted society over the individual.
• Promoted socialism as an answer to modern
  societal ills.
• Prepared the path leading to Progressivism.

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TMWK

• 5. Pg 568 Who was Jane Addams?

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Settlement Houses

• Jane Addams 1st Am. Women awarded Nobel Peace
  Prize estab Hull House most prominent American
  settlement house - brought opportunities for
  immigrants
• 2,000 visitors per week
• Offered instruction in English, counseling to
  help immigrants, child care services for working
  Moms
• Activities gymnasium, girls club, swimming pool,
  etc.

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Settlement Houses Cont.

• These houses became centers of womens activism
  and social reform.
• Others follow Addams lead such as
• -Lillian Wald - Henry Street Settlement in NY
• -Florence Kelley crusader for women, children,
  blacks, consumers
• New careers created in Social Work - many women
  and some men find work in this new field.
• 1 million women join workforce in 1890s

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TMWK

• 6. Pg 569 Text Box Describe the viewpoint of E.A.
  Ross regarding immigrants.
• 7. Pg 570 Political Cartoon What is the cartoon
  depicting - Is it for or against something or
  someone?
• 8. Pg 571 Quote What idea is Pres Cleveland
  espousing?

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Nativism (Anti-Foreignism)

• New Immigrants seen as culturally and religiously
  exotic
• Feared new immigrants would outnumber and outvote
  Anglo-Saxons
• Mongrelization of society Fear that inferior
  Southern Europeans would mix with fair Anglos
• Believed that these immigrants brought down wages
• Created Bosses (Tweed Tammany Hall) Took care
  of immigrants by trading jobs and services for
  votes.
• Imported anti-capitalist ideas of socialism and
  communism

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Nativism

• Anti-Immigrant Legislation
• 1882 paupers, criminals, convicts denied entry
• 1882 Chinese immigrants banned
• 1885 Contract labor banned (wage protection)
• Later laws prohibited insane, polygamists,
  prostitutes, alcoholics, anarchists, and those
  carrying contagious disease.
• 1886 Statue of Liberty
• Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled
  masses yearning to breathe free, the wretched
  refuse of your teeming shore
• Many Americans felt they were being stuck with
  the wretched refuse of Europe.

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TMWK

• 9. Pg 576 Chart What is the topic of the chart?
  What are 2 patterns or trends shown by the chart?
  Outside Information (OI)
• 10. Pg 585 Chart What is the topic of the chart?
  What are 2 patterns or trends shown by the chart?

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Education

• Darwin 1859 Origin of Species belief in natural
  selection - gained popularity by 1920 it was
  scientific orthodoxy
• Caused division in the church
• Some call it Evolution, and others say its God.
• 1870 Compulsory Grade School Education
• 1900 6000 High Schools
• Illiteracy Rates 1870 20, 1900 -10.7
• Non-whites 44
• Rise of Colleges - College provided new
  opportunities for women and Blacks
• 1862 Morrill Act- government gave public land for
  support of education

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Education Cont.

• 1887 Hatch Act extended Morrill Act supported
  agricultural experimentation
• Led to Universities Texas AM, Univ of CA, Ohio
  State Univ, Univ. of Chicago (Rockefeller)
• Johns Hopkins 1876 Pioneered concept of modern
  research university- Graduate School
• Moved to Fact Based Less Moral
• Harvard Motto changed - from Christo Et Ecclesiae
  (for Christ and the church) to Veritas (truth)

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Literary America

• Libraries Andrew Carnegie gave 60 million for
  construction of libraries.
• Newspapers Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst
• Yellow Journalism Sensational, exaggerated
  newspaper stories aimed at increasing circulation
  -rumors replaced real stories (Joseph Pulitzer)
• Magazines promoted various viewpoints spread
  ideas about society and proposed ideas for
  solving societys ills.
• Edward Bellamy 1888 Novel Looking Backward -
  supporting socialist movement, sold over 1
  million copies
• Mark Twain Novels The Adventures of Tom
  Sawyer, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn), The
  Awakening (feminist novel about adultery,
  suicide, and female ambition)

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Women in the City

• Charlotte Perkins Gilman Women and Economics
• called women to abandon their independent status
  and contribute to the community. Advocated
  centralized nurseries and cooperative kitchens to
  facilitate womens participation in the work
  force.
• 1890 National American Woman Suffrage
  Association Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.
  Anthony.
• Carrie Chapman Catt suffrage movement leader
  Believed women should get to vote if they
  continue to leave their homes and work in the
  public.
• Wyoming Territory 1869 1st to grant unrestricted
  suffrage to women.
• Ida B. Wells Journalist and editor leader of
  anti-lynching crusade

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Temperance Movement

• Drinking alcohol increased during Civil War
• Certain immigrant groups used to drinking alcohol
  
• 1869 National Prohibition Party temperance
  movement
• 1874 Womens Christian Temperance Union worked
  for temperance and suffrage Leaders Frances E.
  Willard and Carrie Nation
• 1893 Anti Saloon League leader in temperance
• Temperance leads to 18th Amendment (1919).
  National Prohibition of manufacture, sale or
  transportation of intoxicating liquors is
  forbidden. (Later repealed by 21st Amendment)

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TMWK

• 11. Pg 575 Left picture What did Booker T.
  Washington talk about in his speech in New
  Orleans?
• 12. Pg 575 Who was W.E.B. Du Bois?

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Booker T Washington

• 44 of nonwhite were illiterate in 1900.
• Booker T. Washington ex-slave and educator
  avoided the issue of inequality and accepted
  segregation focused on the education of the
  Black community and improvements economically.
• Established Tuskegee Institute-private college
  for Blacks.
• Believed in Self-Help Approach taught black
  students trades to give them economic security.
• Acknowledged Racism, but didnt challenge it. (He
  avoided the issue of racial equality)

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W.E.B. Du Bois

• Mixed race African, French, Dutch, Indian
• 1st African-American to earn PhD at Harvard
• Demanded complete equality for Blacks (social and
  economic)
• Believed most talented tenth should lead fight
  for equality
• 1910 founded NAACP National Association for the
  Advancement of Colored People. African civil
  rights organization to eliminate discrimination
• Age 93 renounced U.S. citizenship, moved to
  Africa.

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TMWK13. During the mid to late 1800s, what
social changes and/or movements took place?