INSULIN LAB

1
INSULINLAB
Comparing Glucose Levels Before and After Insulin
Injection

• Instructor Terry Wiseth

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Insulin is produced by the beta cells of the
pancreas. It is important to the regulation of
blood glucose levels because it functions to
allow body cells to absorb glucose from the
blood. Most of the glucose absorbed from the
bloodstream is subsequently converted and stored
by the body cells into glycogen.The body has to
maintain a blood glucose level sufficient to
serve nerve cells, which are not able to store
glucose. Alpha cells in the pancreas secrete
glucagon when blood glucose levels drop too low.
Glucagon causes body cells to convert their
stored glycogen to glucose and release it into
the bloodstream.
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larger blackboard
Alloxan
Insulin
Saline
Normal
Experimental
Glucose meter
0
Mg / deciliter
Blood samplers
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DIABETES TYPE 1 develops when the pancreas does
not produce insulin. DIABETES TYPE 2 develops
when the body cells do not respond to the insulin
produced by the pancreas. In both types, glucose
remains in the bloodstream. Excess glucose is
filtered from the bloodstream by the kidneys.
This excess will then find its way to the urine.
In the experiment we are about to perform, we
will be studying the effects of insulin treatment
for TYPE 1 DIABETES. We will be comparing the
glucose levels of a normal rat to those of a
diabetic rat. We will also compare the rats again
after each is injected with insulin. Normal
levels of blood glucose are in the range of 80 -
125 ml /dl. A subject is said to be diabetic if
the blood glucose level exceeds 175 ml / dl.
Alloxan
Insulin
Saline
Normal
Experimental
Glucose meter
0
Mg / deciliter
Blood samplers
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4
For this lab you will need to submit the
following in your lab report. 1) Insulin Lab
Data Table 2) Answers to Questions 1- 7 You can
access a printable form of the Data Table by
using the link below. The questions can be found
in your lab book.
Alloxan
Insulin
Saline
Normal
Experimental
Glucose meter
Insulin Lab Data Table
0
Mg / deciliter
Blood samplers
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5
Note that there are two rats in separate cages.
The rat labeled as normal will be the control
specimen, while the other will serve as the
experimental animal.
Alloxan
Insulin
Saline
Normal
Experimental
Glucose meter
0
mg / deciliter
Used Syringe
Blood samplers
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6
There are three syringes on the shelf to the
left. The syringes contain saline, insulin and
alloxan. Alloxan is a drug that kills the beta
cells that produce insulin, and thus renders the
injected subject as a diabetic.
Alloxan
Insulin
Saline
Normal
Experimental
Glucose meter
0
mg / deciliter
Used Syringe
Blood samplers
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7
The small syringes in the container on the table
will be used to sample blood from the tails of
the rats. The blood samples will be analyzed in
the Glucose meter. Be sure to enter the data in
the data table as you progress through the
experiment.
Alloxan
Insulin
Saline
Normal
Experimental
Glucose meter
0
mg / deciliter
Used Syringe
Blood samplers
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8
You can access and print the Data Table by
utilizing the link below.
Alloxan
Insulin
Saline
Insulin Lab Data Table
Normal
Experimental
Glucose meter
0
mg / deciliter
Used Syringe
Blood samplers
Click to go to Next Slide
9
We will be injecting the normal rat with saline
solution and the experimental rat with alloxan.
In a real lab situation the injections would be
given daily for a week. In this simulation we
will perform the injections only once.
Alloxan
Insulin
Saline
Normal
Experimental
Glucose meter
0
mg / deciliter
Used Syringe
Blood samplers
Click to go to Next Slide
10
Next we will be obtaining blood samples from the
tails of the two rats. We will then inject both
rats with insulin and obtain blood samples again.
Record the data from the Glucose meter in the
data sheet and answer the questions at the end of
the lab.
Alloxan
Insulin
Saline
Normal
Experimental
Glucose meter
0
mg / deciliter
Used Syringe
Blood samplers
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11
Click on the Saline syringe to inject the control
rat. Next click on the Alloxan syringe to inject
the experimental rat.
Alloxan
Insulin
Saline
Normal
Experimental
Glucose meter
0
mg / deciliter
Used Syringe
Blood samplers
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12
Next we will test each of the rats blood for
glucose concentration. Click on one of the
syringes in the container on the table to test
the blood of the normal control rat. Record the
data from the Glucose meter in the Data Table.
Alloxan
Insulin
Saline
Normal
Experimental
Glucose meter
0
mg / deciliter
85.7
Used Syringe
Blood samplers
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13
Next click on another syringe in the container on
the table to test the blood of the diabetic
experimental rat. Record the data from the
Glucose meter in the Data Table.
Alloxan
Insulin
Saline
Normal
Experimental
Glucose meter
0
mg / deciliter
210.6
Used Syringe
Blood samplers
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14
We will be injecting both the control and the
experimental rats with a dose of insulin. Click
on the syringe labeled Insulin on the shelf to
the left.
Alloxan
Insulin
Saline
Normal
Experimental
Glucose meter
0
mg / deciliter
Used Syringe
Blood samplers
Click to go to Next Slide
15
Now we will test each of the rats blood for
glucose concentration again. Click on one of the
syringes in the container on the table to test
the blood of the normal control rat. Record the
data from the Glucose meter in the Data Table.
Alloxan
Insulin
Saline
Normal
Experimental
Glucose meter
0
mg / deciliter
55.2
Used Syringe
Blood samplers
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16
Next click on another syringe in the container on
the table to test the blood of the diabetic
experimental rat. Record the data from the
Glucose meter in the Data Table. After you have
recorded your data, go to the next slide and
answer the quesitons given
Alloxan
Insulin
Saline
Normal
Experimental
Glucose meter
0
mg / deciliter
90.8
Used Syringe
Blood samplers
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At this point you have collected all of the data
required for this experiment. Be sure that you
have made all of the calculations required to
fill out the Data Table. The next exercise you
will need to perform is to answer the lab
questions. You can find the lab questions in your
lab book. You can also access the questions by
clicking on the link given below.
Alloxan
Insulin
Saline
Normal
Experimental
Glucose meter
LAB QUESTIONS
0
mg / deciliter
90.8
Used Syringe
Blood samplers
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• LAB QUESTIONS
• Why did we inject the experimental subject with
  Alloxan?
• 2) Why did we inject the control subject with
  saline solution?
• 3) What effect did the Alloxan have on the
  experimental subject?
• 4) Why is there a difference in the glucose
  concentrations for the control and the
  experimental subjects after the alloxan and the
  saline injections?
• 5) Why is the glucose level of the control
  subject so low after injection with insulin?
• 6) What was the effect of insulin injection on
  the experimental subject?
• 7) Why do insulin injections lower the blood
  glucose levels?

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