France: National Security

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France National Security International Affairs

• French Colonial Empires

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International Outputs and Outcomes

• International activities
• economic,
• diplomatic,
• military
• informational
• Most common outcome of the interaction among
  nations has been warfare
• Military strength and military policy central
  concern of all but the weakest states

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War in the Twentieth Century(90 of the war
deaths since 1700 have occurred in the 20th
century

• In the last decades of the 20th century, more
  than three-quarters of the war deaths were
  civilian.
• People of USSR-Russian have been the greatest
  victims of the tormented history of the 20th
  century.
• Germany suffered the second largest number of
  deaths.
• Followed by China and Japan, France and Great
  Britain

• French Infantry WW I

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Humiliation of France

• Occupied Paris

• France defeated by nazi war machine (1940)
• Vichy government collaborates with Hitler
• Charles De Gaulle leads French forces in
  liberation of France (1944-45)

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International After World War II

• The most devastating conflicts have occurred in
  the Third World.
• Partition of British India into India, Pakistan,
  and Bangladesh associated with numerous deadly
  conflicts.
• Conflicts in Africa
• Many newly independent from about 1960
• Borders drawn by colonial powers
• Serious problems of national cohesion/chronic
  civil war
• France involved in many military conflicts in the
  Third World

• Third World
• (in Green)

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Three Colors, One Flag, One Empire
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First Indochina War(1946 1954)

• French Union's French Far East Expeditionary
  Corps and Viet Minh communist revolutionaries

• Battle of Dien Bien Phu

• Efforts to regain French colony resisted by local
  forces
• Vi?t Minh, led by H? Chí Minh
• Geneva accords end conflict and French withdraw
• Subsequent developments set stage for the Vietnam
  war

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The Sinai Campaign, 1956

• Egypt closes the Israeli port of Eilat
• Egypt nationalizes the Suez Canal (1956)
• October 29, 1956 joint French, British, Israeli
  invasion to capture canal
• March 1957 U.S. sides with USSR to force
  withdrawal of invading forces

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Algeria Sundering of France?(1954 1962)

• Effectively started by members of the National
  Liberation Front (FLN) on 1 November 1954 during
  the Toussaint Rouge ("Red All Saints' Day"),
• De Gaulle's return to power (1958)was supposed
  to ensure Algeria's continued occupation and
  integration with the French Community,
• De Gaulle organized a vote for the Algerian
  people.
• Algerians voted for independence
• March 1962 Evian Accords resulted in the
  independence of Algeria.

• Algerian Battlefield

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Leaving NATO Military Command Development
Independent Strike Force(De Gaulle 1966)

• Frustration over U.S.- Britain domination of NATO
  military command structure
• force de frappe provides independent Strike Force
• Aair-based component around the newly developed
  Dassault Mirage IV strategic bomber
• short-range Pluton and Hadès missiles, designed
  to be launched from the front lines at
  approaching Soviet armies

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French Arms Sales

• Fourth place among global arms merchants (after
  USA, Britain Russia )
• Reached 9.7 billion in 2009
• Provide 50,000 jobs in France

• Best Customers
• Brazil
• Saudi Arabia
• Morocco

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Competitiveness of French Military

• Second Persian Gulf War (1991)
• second largest European contingent was from
  France, with 18,000 troops
• 6th Light Armored Division placed under control
  of U.S.
• Highly dependent of USA logistic capabilities

• Bosnia-Kosovo (1999)
• French reluctant to support USA with commitment
  of troops
• Heavy reliance on air power and sophisticated
  logistics reveal deficiencies in French military

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Sarkozy Maneuvering to Rejoin NATO

• French interests served by reintegration into
  NATO
• Modernization of military
• Defense against terrorism
• Influence with militaries of EEC member states
• Non-negotiable condition important role for
  French generals in NATO command structure

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French Military in Afghanistan

• 2,000 French troops participate in the fight
• more than 3,800 Afghan Army officers have been
  trained by French instructors.
• Financing approximately 16 of the EU
  contributions earmarked eradication of poppy
  remains the most serious challenge for the
  country.

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France in Libya Foreign Defense Policy in 2011

• Sarkozy pressures U.S. and EU to gain
  international support to protect civilians
• French military plays major role in NATO campaign
  that brought down Gaddaffi

• French forces pounded Libya's air defenses and
  patrolled its skies