Judaism

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Judaism

• The first monotheistic religion.

The first to believe in one G_d.
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Sinai Peninsula
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Where are Jews Located Today?
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Founding Fathers

• Abraham 2000 BCE
• Considered the first Hebrew.
• First person to believe in one G_d.
• Moses 1300 BCE
• Ten Commandments were revealed to him on
• Mt Sinai.
• Moses was the man who led his people out of
  Egypt. This movement is known as the Exodus.

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Dead Sea Scrolls

• The oldest surviving texts of the Hebrew Bible
  were found in a set of caves in 1947.
• The 2000 year-old Dead Sea Scrolls were printed
  on papyrus and had been stored in clay jars.

The caves of Qumran, where the scrolls were found.
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Who is the Jewish G_d?

• Jews believe in a single, omniscient (all
  knowing), omnipotent (all powerful), omnipresent
  (in all places at all times), who created the
  universe and continues to be involved in its
  governance.
• This G_d is just and merciful and has no form or
  representation.

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Creation Story

• Jews believe it took G_d six days to create the
  world and everything in it.
• On the seventh day G_d rested.

The Creation of the Heavens Michelangelo
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Sacred Text Torah

• The first five books of the Hebrew Bible which
  presents the Mosaic law and moral codes.
• Torah comes from the Hebrew word for
  instruction.
• Always written in Hebrew
• 613 Commandments
• Rules for moral conduct Ten Commandments

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Ten Commandments

• The Ten Commandments given to Moses are these
• 1. You shall have no other G_ds before me.
• 2. You shall not make idols.
• 3. You shall not take the Lords name in vain.
• 4. You shall honor the Sabbath.
• 5. You shall honor your parents.
• 6. You shall not murder.
• 7. You shall not commit adultery
• 8. You shall not steal.
• 9. You shall not commit perjury.
• 10. You shall not covet.

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How do you become a Jew?

• Traditional Jewish Law a Jew is anyone
• born of a Jewish mother or converted in
• accordance with Jewish Law.
• Judaism maintains that a Jew, whether by birth or
  conversion, is a Jew forever.
• All Jews consider themselves to be descendants
• of the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.

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Holy Days

• Passover-commemorates the story of the Exodus, in
  which the ancient Israelites were freed from
  slavery in Egypt.
• Rosh Hashanah-Creation of the World
• Yom Kippur-Day of Atonement-most important holy
  day.

Painting by Maurycy Gottlieb, 1878, depicting
Ashkenazi Jews praying in the synagogue on Yom
Kippur, the Jewish Day of Atonement.
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Rituals

• Sabbath
• The weekly holy day-sundown Friday to sundown
  Saturday-reserved for worship and attention to
  family and community.

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Rituals

• Bar Mitzvah Bat Mitzvah
• Respectively mean son and daughter of the
  Commandment.
• Religious rites of passage for thirteen-year-old
  boys and twelve-year-old girls.
• After the ceremony, they are fully
  responsible in the eyes of G_d
  and are seen as adult members
  of the congregation.

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Kosher

• Kashruth (kashroot)
• Very specific dietary laws regarding food
  restrictions as well as proper animal slaughter.

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Where Do Jews Pray?

• Synagogue
• Central place for worship and the place where
• customs, religious practice and faith are
  maintained
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  Synagogue in Florence, Italy

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Dress

• Yarmulke
• Covering the head is regarded more as a custom
  rather than a commandment. It is a common pious
  practice to cover the head at all times, it is
  not religiously mandatory.

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Other beliefs of the Jewish People

• Jews believe the Messiah will be a person
• (not a god), from the family of King David,
• who will lead the world to unity and peace.
• Jews do not believe that Jesus was the Messiah.
• Jews do recognize that in his time, Jesus was an
  influential Jewish teacher who lived and died as
  a Jew, with no thought of creating a separate
  religion.

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Symbols

• Star of David

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Major Branches of Judaism

• Orthodox
• Original and only form of Judaism until the
  1800s.
• Named Orthodox in reaction to the advent of
• Reform Judaism.
• Most observant.

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Major Branches of Judaism

• Reform
• Founded by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise in 1873 in
• rebellion against the binding traditions of
• orthodoxy.
• Most flexible about observance of Jewish laws.
• Largest Jewish movement in North America.

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Major Branches of Judaism

• Conservative
• Organized by Dr. Solomon Schechter in 1913 as a
  reaction to Reform Judaism's liberalism.
• Philosophically stands between Orthodox and
• Reform.