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Permanent Hair Removal

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Title: Permanent Hair Removal


1
Permanent Hair Removal Electrolysis
  • Vickie L.Mickey, CT, CLHRP

2
Electrolysis
  • Only proven method of permanent hair removal
    recognized by FDA
  • No published studies
  • 1875 Charles Michelle invented method removing
    ingrown eyelash!
  • Electrolysis - process
  • Electrology - science profession
  • Electrologist - professional

3
Three Modalities of electrolysis
  • Thermolysis
  • Galvanic Electrolysis
  • Blend

4
Electrolysis
  • Galvanic current DC
  • Moves in one direction
  • Chemical decomposition of follicle
  • Current causes salts water in skin to form
    sodium hydroxide (lye)
  • Hydrogen gas chlorine gas form bubble can
    appear at surface of skin
  • Method effective but time consuming
  • Accuracy makes up for time

5
Experiment Effects of Lye on Skin
  • Lay lye on a piece of meat
  • Crystal will dissolve
  • Puddle will form
  • Tissue decomposed caustic action of lye

6
Experiment 2
  • Fill glass with water
  • Add 2 tsp. salt
  • Stir until salt dissolves
  • Place positive ground (hand held ground) in
    water.
  • Place needle in the needle holder (not all the
    way)
  • Turn on DC turn up the power
  • Insert needle into water
  • Notice hydrogen bubble

7
Experiment 3
  • Repeat 2 using distilled water
  • Current will not flow through demineralized water
  • Add salt slowly the meter rises with the
    addition of conductive material

8
Pouring Lye in Follicle? How do we do that?
  • Galvanic machine turned on
  • Rectifier produces DC
  • Rheostat controls intensity of current flow
  • Millampere meter gauges the flow of current
  • Needle holder is attached to the negative cord
    jack on front of unit
  • Footswitch is attached to the jack on back of
    unit
  • Needle or probe is placed in needle holder
  • Needle is placed in patients skin
  • Footswitch is depressed , releasing current flow
  • Chemical action of current produces lye
  • Electrical current returns to the positive
    terminal of the unit

9
Galvanic Current Pros Cons
  • Offers highest success rate in hair removal
  • Accurate insertions are not as critical as
    current runs along the complete needle surface
  • Distorted follicles respond to DC
  • Lye produced in follicle continues to destroy
    follicle after treatment is over
  • Very slow method minutes per follicle
  • Multi-needle much better
  • Can have shocking pain sensation when current
    develops in follicle
  • Incorrect cord set-up can cause tattooing
  • New equipment has a ramping feature to gradually
    build current.

10
Variables Affecting Galvanic Current
  • Lye gradient the concentration of lye produced
    in the hair follicle.
  • Treatment energy current duration current
    density.
  • These factors affect delivery of lye to the probe
    tip.
  • Dermal papilla must receive enough lye.

11
Galvanic Dos Donts
  • Follow manufactures guidelines.
  • Make sure the negative cord is attached to the
    negative jack to avoid tattooing.
  • Do not use tapered needles.
  • Do not pulse with galvanic current.
  • Cataphoresis reduces redness but not necessary.

12
Thermolysis
  • Dr. Bordier developed the first thermolysis of
    hair in 1923.
  • Published results in 1932.
  • Thermo Greek word for Heat.
  • Ysis means to dissolve.
  • AC current.
  • Referred to as high-frequency shortwave
  • Easy to learn by practitioner

13
Thermolysis Methods
  • Manual
  • Semi-manual
  • Computerized
  • Thermolysis methods can range from unit design

14
How Thermolysis Works
  • Requires a conductor to deliver current
  • Current can travel though air via sound waves
  • Needle is the conductor in the follicle
  • Operates at 30 megahertz 30,000,000 times per
    second

15
Alternating Current
  • To understand thermolysis one must understand
    alternating current.
  • Imagine a plastic tube filled with balls that fit
    tightly into inside space of the tube. The balls
    have a string attached to them as soon as the
    ball is pushed into the tube you will pull back
    on it. This action creates a suction, as the
    balls are pulled toward you. Repeat this process
    over and over and you have created alternating
    current affect.

16
Alternating Current
  • Electrical generators create the push and pull
    phenomenon by rapidly changing an electrical
    charge from the negative to the positive.
    Negative charges push the electrons out into the
    power lines and positive charge pulls it back.
  • One - back and forth motion is called a cycle.
  • Sixty cycles per second is standard American
    household current.

17
High Frequency Current
  • Imagine this back-and-forth motion accelerated to
    million cycles per second.
  • This incredible rate is said be oscillating.
  • This quickened movement is called mega cycles
    millions of cycles per second.
  • Blend epilators produce current output of 13.56
    megacycles. 13 million back-andforth electrons
    per second.
  • Oscillating current is called high frequency or
    HF.

18
Hertz Megahertz
  • Hertz the car rental?
  • No, Hertz Megahertz are named for Heinrich
    Hertz.
  • More common names are cycles and megacycles
    because these terms express the cycling or
    oscillation process.
  • Abbreviations for Hertz is Hz MHz for
    Megahertz.

19
Radio Waves
  • Imagine a plastic tube representing a wire with
    electrons moving back and forth a million times
    per second. Suddenly, this energy is emitted
    into the air, from the entire length of the wire.
    This is called radio wave emission!
  • Do you know what radio waves are? No one does!
  • Electrologist know what these waves do to human
    tissue! Tell me what do they do?

20
Tissue Heating
  • 1899 scientists discovered that human tissue
    could be heated by high frequency.
  • Experimentation in 1920s 1930s demonstrated
    the benefits HF Current.
  • Diathermy was produced by numerous medical
    devices for applications in heating muscles and
    soft tissue.

21
Tissue Destruction
  • HF can produce enough heat to cause necrosis
    (permanent tissue destruction).
  • Different degrees of HF used on medicine produce
    specific results such electrodessication, electro
    coagulation, and electro section.

22
Electrocoagulation
  • Low level tissue destruction tissue is clotted
    and rendered dysfunctional, but not dried out!
  • Electrodessication is severe tissue destruction
    by heat that dehydrates.
  • Dermatologist use HF devices call hyfrecator to
    burn off moles and other unwanted tissue.

23
HF Epilators
  • Produce electrocoagulation by converting liquids
    in the tissue , such as blood to produce a
    jell-like state!
  • HF denatures tissue proteins (the cooking
    process).

24
Coagulation Term Used in Profession
  • Technically this term may not be accurate within
    our profession, but used for nearly a century.
  • Terms clot, cook denature and coagulate are
    commonly used as a synonyms to denote tissue
    destruction by HF.

25
Other Names for High Frequency
  • Short Wave
  • Radio Frequency
  • High Frequency is the most universal term!

26
Hinkel Explains HF
  • All matter is composed of atoms. Atoms have
    positive charged protons and negatively charged
    protons. The presence of a negative charged
    proton in the tissue causes an attraction and
    electrons are repelled. Similarly, a positive
    charge attracts electrons and repels protons.

27
High Frequency Needle
  • Produces a radio wave when inserted into the
    skin, the electric field causes certain atoms to
    become excited. These atoms are pushed and pulled
    by rapidly changing polarity. Agitated atoms
    vibrate against each other and generate heat by
    friction.
  • Did you know that the needle does not get hot?
  • The tissue around the needle become hot because
    of the surrounding HF waves or field.
  • Did you know that the heat felt during treatment
    is the vibration of the molecules against one
    another!

28
HF Heating
  • Hf is more intense in conductive substances
    containing saltwater. The more conductive the
    substance the hotter it will get!
  • Dry material cannot conduct high frequency.
  • Invisible radio wave energy radiates from the
    entire needle, but it is concentrated at the tip!
    This is called the Point Effect!

29
Summary
  • Remember
  • Epilator produces HF current.
  • HF current creates radio waves around the needle.
  • Energy fields causes friction in the wet tissues.
  • Generation of heat results in tissue destruction
    which kills the follicle.

30
Point Effect
  • Electrical current merges concentrates on sharp
    pointed objects.
  • Lightening Rods have a sharp pointed end.
  • The needle like shape works to conduct lightening
    to the ground.
  • The point effect is perfect for hair removal,
    because the tip produces more energy, coagulation
    is initially concentrated in the lower follicle.

31
Heating Pattern
  • DC the lye pattern flows out along the entire
    needle, the lye is uniform in formation.
  • HF starts at the tip of the needle and progresses
    upward.
  • HF current climb takes place because the current
    always flows to the wettest, most conductive
    material.

32
Hotter Closer To The Needle
  • HF patterns climbs away from the needle,
    coagulation continues to take place in all the
    treated tissue.
  • Tip tissue - exposed to HF longer.
  • Highest temperatures at core nearest needle tip.
  • Temperature drops off and becomes too low to
    affect tissue as it moves up.

33
Denatured Protein
  • When animal tissue is heated to a high enough
    temperature, the protein is denatured.
  • Regardless if you boil, fry, bake, or microwave
    animal tissue you coagulate liquids and denature
    the tissue protein.
  • HF current is similar to the current in a
    microwave oven, the energy radiates from the
    tissue and denatures the tissue.

34
Egg White Analogue
  • Egg whites are protein, like human tissue.
  • Fill a small metal container with raw egg white.
  • Wet your hand with water, cradle and hold
    container. Wet hand grounds the HF.
  • Insert needle into egg white apply HF.
  • High HF intensity coagulates at the tip of needle
    and moves upwards.

35
TIDS
  • Variables of Time, Intensity, Depth of insertion
    and Size needle (TIDS) drastically change how HF
    cooks tissue.
  • Human tissue coagulation intensifies,
    temperatures increase with longer exposure to HF
    current.
  • Steaks become hotter and more well-done the
    longer the pan remains on the fire.
  • The follicle cooks with longer HF flow!
  • If we leave the needle in the egg whites longer,
    the higher temperatures and more intense cooking
    develops within the pattern closer to the needle.

36
Intensity Variable
  • As HF intensity raises, the tissue is cooked
    faster.
  • Higher HF intensity causes intense tissue
    coagulation , as the intensity is increased the
    larger the heating pattern forms.

37
Depth Variable
  • Most misunderstood variable is needle depth!
  • A deep needle insertion disperses the HF current
    over a larger surface areas, causing a slower
    cooking.
  • Shallow insertion concentrates the current and
    causes more intense tissue destruction.
  • Most common error causes serve damage to the skin
    in a too shallow insertion.

38
Size Variable
  • Needle diameter greatly affects how HF destroys
    tissue.
  • Thin needles produce more cooking than thicker
    needles. Thin needles concentrate the HF to a
    smaller areas.
  • Larger needles concentrate the HF to a greater
    surface areas.
  • Many electrologist use too small of a needle
    size, thus causing over treatment.
  • Choose a needle the size of the hair!!

39
TIDS Conclusion
  • Only you can control the TIDS variable.
  • Always consider when using HF on a patient!

40
Moisture Gradient
  • Moisture Gradient of the follicle helps
    concentrate coagulation in the lower follicle
    area, your target!
  • It protects the upper dermis area!
  • The blood vessels in the dermis are like a car
    radiator, it carries the HF heat away!

41
HF Too Low
  • Low intensity may be less painful, however the
    target area is missed!
  • Upper dermis is coagulated!
  • HF current used lower than correct blend values
    results in coagulation in the middle of the
    needle and progresses upwards.
  • If the patient feels almost nothing the HF
    current is too LOW!

42
HF Too High
  • Dire consequences can result!
  • Extreme HF creates a heating pattern that climbs
    the needle so rapidly that using manual timing is
    unthinkable.
  • Fast current rise can result in pitted scars.
  • Some epilators produce HF levels that are too
    high!

43
Flash Method
  • The Kree company out of New York developed the HF
    in automatic thermolysis. Known as the Kree
    Method.
  • Current is on for ½ second very high HF.
  • Nearly all epilators are capable of the so called
    Flash technique.
  • High HF produces a narrow heating pattern that
    rapidly climbs the needle.
  • High current can produce blistering temperatures,
    a sizzle, and dry-out the tissue.
  • Super Flash is the modern version of flash. This
    method emits HF for a fraction of 100th of a
    second. Can cause a sparkler effect.

44
Flash Method Continued
  • Large to medium hairs require several super
    flashes at varying depths.
  • HF Super Flash current is applied at the bottom,
    middle, and top of the follicle.
  • Ensures entire follicle is treated!

45
HF Blow-Out
  • Dr. James Shuster describes the devastating
    effect of using ultra high HF as HF Blow-out.
  • HF Blow-out is when intense HF current converts
    water in the tissue to steam that blows out of
    the follicle,
  • Sizzle is heard as steam escapes from the
    follicle opening.
  • The lower follicle fills with non-conductive
    steam that prevents coagulation of the lower
    follicle.
  • Hair Regrows and the skin is Overtreated!
  • Flash users have been told that the sebum is
    being cooked.
  • A puff of smoke, smell of burning tissue, result
    in the needle drying out the skin with tissue
    stuck to the needle.
  • This drastic level of tissue destruction is
    totally unnecessary.

46
Manual HF
  • Correct blend levels of HF are much lower than
    flash.
  • Manually controlled.
  • Low current may flow up to 20 seconds.
  • Low current creates the preferred broad heating
    pattern.
  • Tissue is coagulated not dried out.
  • Technician has time to control tissue
    destruction.
  • Manual low intensity HF, as in the blend, results
    in less over treatment!

47
Measuring The HF
  • All epilators produce a fixed range of HF
    intensities.
  • Measured in voltage.
  • Average blend epilator produces 0 to 100 volts.
  • Average flash epilator produces 50 300 volts.
  • Face panel numbers indicate the HF levels, some
    use meters.
  • Indicates epilators output only, energy within
    follicle is not measured as in DC meters.

48
Receptivity Factor
  • HF entering the follicle is directly proportional
    to the amount of moisture in the tissue.
  • Skin has a receptivity factor for HF.
  • Turn your HF dial to 50 volts, insert needle into
    leather, nothing happens. Why?
  • Use same setting on moist young skin and heating
    tissue destruction occurs.
  • Each patient has different skin moisture,
    therefore HF output produces different current
    levels in each patient and body area.

49
Follicle Temperature
  • Level of destruction in the follicle is
    determined by the temperature achieved in the
    tissue.
  • No meter exists that can measure actual
    temperature in the follicle.
  • One must rely on well-designed machine output
    indicators to give idea of temperature produced.
  • Cell injury can begin at only 105 degrees.
  • Coagulation of human tissue takes place between
    127 degrees to 212 degrees.
  • Above 212 degrees (the boiling point) tissue is
    desiccated), deprived of water.
  • Severe burning takes place at 240 degrees!
  • Correctly designed blend epilators has HF output
    that produces only coagulation temperatures. 35
    to 90 volts encompass that range in the blend
    method.

50
Capacitive Return
  • HF does not require the use of hand-held ground.
  • For unknown reasons, radio waves are able to
    travel from the patient into the air and return
    to the epilator.
  • This phenomenon is called capacitive return.
  • Research has shown that certain epilators require
    less voltage when the hand held ground is used.

51
HF Overtreatment
  • Used for over 70 years without documented adverse
    side effects.
  • Destructive capacity of HF is much more than DC.
  • Over treatment with blend is always caused by
    improper HF.

52
HF The Curved Follicle
  • Hair that is naturally curly or kinky has
    curved follicles.
  • Degree of curve to the follicle makes accurate
    needle-insertions more difficult.
  • Sodium hydroxide produced by DC is capable of
    reaching the areas outside of HF field.
    Therefore single needle or multi-needle galvanic
    is better on these patients.
  • Galvanic current fills a need in our work and is
    the basis for the blend-current method.

53
Pacemakers
  • Emit electrical stimuli at either a constant-rate
    or on-demand.
  • Constant rate pacemakers might be adversely
    affected by HF emissions form the epilator.
  • Most pacemakers have built in safety factors such
    as electro-magnetic shields.
  • Rarely does the HF field cause clinical problems.
  • Before treating a patient with a pacemaker you
    must get written approval from the attending
    physician and the manufacture of the device.
  • Unstable cardiac patients with pacemakers must
    not be treated!
  • Do not work directly overlying a pacemaker, due
    to possible interference of HF.

54
Pregnancy
  • For the same legal reason do not work on pregnant
    women, unless you get written permission form the
    patients doctor.

55
The Blend
  • Hinkles scientific methods and willingness to
    share information was his greatest gift to our
    profession.
  • Blend is considered the golden method of
    electrology.
  • Both HF and DC flow from the needle at the same
    time.
  • Hinkle analogy of Blend current best illustrates
    the dual-current phenomenon.

56
Blend Effects
  • Combining the DC HF does not change the
    integrity or unique way of destroying the tissue.
  • DC flows producing lye to decompose the tissue
    and the HF coagulates the follicle.
  • The interaction of the current in blending is
    complicated and not totally understood, but they
    profoundly enhance treatment speed and
    efficiency.
  • Combining the two currents produce better
    results than the individual current could attain.

57
Hinkles Findings
  • The lye is more reactive in the blend.
  • All chemicals react faster when heated.
  • Studies in the Netherlands confirmed the action
    of heat on lye.
  • Normal blend temperature is 140F to 160F, lye
    causticity is four times greater than at body
    temperature.

58
Hinkle's Findings
  • When the HF coagulation renders the cell a porous
    mass, it then breaks the cell membrane to release
    moisture and denatured protein molecule. This
    makes the cell more permeable to enable the lye
    to penetrate the cooked mass.

59
Hinkle's Findings
  • Turbulence from the HF in the follicle causes the
    tissue to churn, lye produced by the DC is forced
    into hidden crevices of the follicle. Hinkle
    believed this help to destroy the follicle.
  • Hinkle also contended that when the two currents
    flow at the same time the HF heating pattern
    supersedes the DC lye pattern.
  • He believed that the HF controlled the DC and was
    the master current.

60
DC HF Experiments
  • This experiment demonstrates several important
    characteristics of the DC HF currents.
  • Note non-living tissue reacts differently
    however these test will demonstrate visible
    evidence

61
Schusters Findings
  • Dr. Schuster studies suggest that DC electrons
    flow through the skin, lye forms in the tissue
    itself.
  • Schusters studies do not show that HF alters the
    DC.
  • Schuster doubts that HF causes tissue
    permeability.
  • Schuster supports Hinkles notion of increased
    lye reactivity.

62
Conclusion
  • Bono believes that the laboratory experiments are
    attempts to describe the blend! Blend is a
    proven method for over 50 years!
  • Arthur Hinkle never invented methodology based
    solely on laboratory findings or theory concepts.
  • Hinkle observed countless expert blend
    technicians and them attempted to understand the
    results.

63
Research Conclusion
  • DC creates lye that decomposes the follicle.
  • HF heats saltwater in the tissue, thus increases
    lye efficiency.
  • Deep coarse hair in moist skin creates a high
    receptive factor which can result in over
    treatment.
  • Such hairs have big target areas requiring ample
    treatment.
  • DC alone takes too long to eliminate course hair.
  • HF generates a narrow heating pattern that can
    miss the target!
  • The lethal combination of coagulation and hot lye
    is disseminated in the lower follicle before the
    HF rises.
  • Hair is destroyed without over treatment.
  • The blend can make up for inaccurate insertions
    by the broad destructive pattern.

64
Classic Blend
  • 1. Choose needle size about the size of the
    hair. Correct needle size guards against HF over
    treatment.
  • 2. Needle length approximate the exact depth of
    the follicle. Do depth gauge!
  • a. Short needles for small to medium hairs.
  • b.Regular needles for larger hairs.
  • c.Tapered needles come in different lengths.
    Choose one that is longer than you think
    necessary.

65
Classic Blend
  • 3. Position needle in needle-holder, tighten the
    pin-vise.
  • 4. Once a year check pin-vise they should not
    close with a circle or hole in middle. If so
    replace the needle holder as it will not permit
    proper electrical contact.
  • 5. Finger Position use what works best of you.
  • 6. Stretch the skin use the thumb and first
    finger to hold the tweezers and needle holder,
    use remaining fingers to gently press and stretch
    the skin.

66
Classic Blend
  • Did you know that recent research proves that
    stretching the skin does not permit the needle to
    slide into the follicle?
  • Dr. Shusters experimentations demonstrate that
    the needle does penetrate the outer root sheath.
  • Stretching firms and stabilizes the skin as the
    needle punctures the bloodless outer root sheath.

67
Classic Blend
  • Insertion aim the needle tip at the
    follicle opening. Align the needle to the first
    millimeter of the hair shaft emerging from the
    follicle.
  • The first millimeter of the shaft points you to
    the exact location in most cases.
  • This is referred to as the Pathfinder.
  • This hair is fresh out of the follicle and
    relatively moist.
  • Keep needle stationary as the current coagulates
    the follicle.
  • Subtle movement to verify insertion accuracy can
    be done by moving the needle to the other side of
    the follicle. If needle is perfectly inserted the
    hair wags like a dogs tail!

68
Classic Blend
  • Establishing depth gauge after thoroughly
    coagulating an anagen hair, remove the needle
    from the follicle. Place tweezers at skin level.
    Grasp the hair and epilate. The epilated root and
    the hair shaft are the depth gauge.
  • Note your correct needle depth!
  • As you continue the treatment, a tiny DC froth
    sticks to your needle exactly at skin level. This
    is another indicator of correct insertion depth!

69
Classic Blend
  • HF current controls the HF coagulation and DC lye
    in the follicle.
  • Establish your HF first!!!
  • Think of your epilator intensity dial is just
    like a radio volume control. As it increases the
    current strength goes up.
  • Like the radio increases, the control until the
    tissue coagulation takes place.
  • When the patient feels tissue being destroyed you
    have reached your working point.

70
Classic Blend
  • Automatic blend epilators are not the classic
    manual blend.
  • Follow instruction manual to disable all
    automatic functions.
  • Find starting point on epilator, should be in
    manual. It will be a specific number such as 3
    or it may be a number on the HF meter.

71
Classic Blend
  • Confirm the starting point by setting the
    epilator at the lowest HF setting.
  • Insert into a medium size hair on your arm, you
    should feel mild current in 2-3 seconds. Keep the
    current on for 20 seconds.
  • If these conditions are met your epilator is
    correctly set.
  • Begin treatments at your starting point, allow
    the patient to get used to the low current, then
    gradually advance HF.

72
Classic Blend
  • Repeat this process several times, increasing HF
    intensity slightly each time that you coagulate
    and epilate a new hair.
  • Communicate with the patient, let them know that
    your are trying to find their pain tolerance.
  • Remember that most West Coast electrologists use
    the two hand technique, which enable them to
    count the seconds that it takes to have the hair
    release with progressive epilation.

73
Classic Blend
  • The working point reveals the skins electrical
    resistance.
  • Dry skin has higher resistance, more HF is
    needed, and vice versa for moist skin.
  • The HF working point is your electrical conduit
    for DC.
  • Early pioneers were confronted with obstacles as
    to how to combine two currents.

74
Classic Blend
  • HF is considered the dominant current, DC can
    block or flood-out the HF.
  • If DC is too high, the HF flow can be reduced.
  • Hinkle realized that the correct amount of lye
    was necessary, therefore named the measurement
    the unit of Lye.
  • Hinkle defined the unit of lye as the product of
    the amount current (in DC milliamperes)
    multiplied by the time current flow in seconds.

75
Classic Blend
  • For 20 yrs. Hinkle studied and collected data
    regarding the units of lye formulation.
  • Small vellus hairs require 15 units of lye, 30
    units on small terminal hairs, Medium require 45
    units, large terminal need 60 units, and very
    large need 80 units.
  • He learned that all hairs epilate with HF 3-20
    seconds.

76
Classic Blend
  • Hinkles simple formula for blend is divide
    units of lye by seconds of epiliation time.
  • Example judge a hair to need 30 units of lye,
    the time to epilate is 10 seconds. Divide the 30
    units by 10 seconds and you get 3.
  • The number three is the setting for your DC meter
    3mA.
  • If the numbers are not even set the DC meter to
    the nearest round number.
  • Do not use the seconds counter, count the seconds
    yourself.

77
Classic Blend Summary
  • The basic steps you have learned will become
    second nature.
  • Choose correct needle size, find your HF working
    point, set the DC meter!
  • You got it!

78
DC HF Experiments
  • Hinkle's Meat Experiment demonstrate several
    characteristics of current.
  • Current will react differently in meat as it is
    not living tissue.
  • These tests will give visible evidence of how DC
    HF acts on human skin.

79
What You Need
  • 1. Beefsteak fresh and moist with a little fat.
    A small cube of meat is all you will need.
  • 2. Glass of saltwater mix 2 teaspoons of salt in
    water.
  • 3. Sheet of Aluminum Foil

80
Basic Setup
  • Place meat on aluminum foil.
  • Wet the meat with saltwater this grounds meat
    to aluminum and moistens the meat for a good
    electrical conduction.
  • Roll the DC ground up in the aluminum foil.
  • Wet your hand with saltwater and firmly hold the
    aluminum foil and ground this grounds the HF.
  • Check all cords are connected properly.
  • Use a .004 inch diameter needle.
  • Periodically moisten the meat and your hand with
    saltwater in ensure proper electrical contact.

81
Test 1DC
  1. Lay needle on meat.
  2. Set DC meter to 0.5 mA (5 tenths milliamperes).
  3. Allow current to flow 2-4 minutes. Observe narrow
    pattern of lye form with hydrogen bubbles.
  4. Stop current, wipe away foam with finger.
  5. Observe groove that has formed as meat dissolved.
    There is not cooking of tissue.
  6. Repeat this experiment using 1.0 mA, observe much
    faster DC lye formation.

82
Test 2 DC Inserted
  • 1. Insert needle deeply into meat.
  • 2 Turn DC to 1.0 mA (10 tenths milliamperes).
  • 3. Allow current to flow for 2-4 minutes.
    Frothing appears at insertion site.
  • 4. With current flowing, slide needle up and down
    in meat. Observe the needle does not stick to
    meat as there is no cooking of tissue.
  • 5. Set current at 1.0 mA, make a very shallow
    insertion immediately abundant lye is formed
    with much bubbling. (Current is concentrated on
    small surface area thus generates concentrated
    lye.)

83
Test 3 HF
  • 1. Lay needle on meat.
  • 2. Use 60-90 HF level observe meat turning
    brown. Note coagulation starts at the tip of
    needle and flows up. Heating pattern is broad.
    With magnification you will see that HF causes
    moisture to boil. Turbulence is created by HF
  • 3. Experiment using different current strengths.
  • 4. Experiment using different needle lengths.
  • Observe higher current creates faster
    coagulation, less needle contact with meat causes
    rapid violent cooking. Note meat may stick to
    needle. This indicates unnecessary tissue
    destruction. Remove any tissue from needle as it
    insulates the needle which will make the
    subsequent test difficult

84
Test 4 HF Inserted
  • 1. Insert needle deeply into meat.
  • 2. Turn HF dial to high output (70V-90V).
  • 3. Allow current to flow 20 seconds.
  • Observe at 15-20 seconds the cooking at
    insertion point, current has risen slowly.
  • 4. Insert needle shallow.
  • Observe almost instant tissue destruction and
    burning. (this happens to your client when you
    make a shallow insertion . Note the tissue sticks
    to the needle .
  • 5. Insert deeply again and apply high level HF.
    Slowly withdraw the needle until the needle is
    out of the skin.
  • Observe cooking is rapid as the needle is
    withdrawn. Finally, with the needle just
    touching the surface of the meat a burn is
    created. Notice tissue smokes as it is burned.
  • 6. Repeat experiment again using different depths
    and current strengths.

85
Test 5 DC HF
  • 1. Lay needle on meat.
  • 2 Use 70V HF and 1.0ma Dc (10 tenths
    millamperes).
  • 3. Apply current simultaneously for about 20
    seconds. Observe Coagulation (browning) and lye
    (frothing) formation. Note the coagulation and
    lye patterns are broad and congruent. Notice lye
    production is accelerated and the needle does not
    stick to the tissue.
  • 4. Try different needle depths and current
    levels. Observe Shallow needles cause rapid
    coagulation and potential burn.

86
Test 6 DC HF Inserted
  • 1. Insert deeply into meat.
  • 2. Apply 70V 90V HF and 1.0 ma DC
    simultaneously for 20 seconds. Observe bubbles
    appear (hydrogen frothing) along with
    coagulation.
  • 3. Slide needle up and down with currents
    flowing. Observe Needle does not stick because
    DC dissolves tissue and coagulation is not
    intense. Tissue is not dehydrated.
  • 4. Insert shallow. Observe shallow insertion
    causes rapid coagulation and lye formation. Note
    coagulation dominates.

87
Test 7 HF Blocks Lye
  • 1. Insert needle about half way into meat.
  • 2. Use full power HF and 0.5 mA DC (5 tenths
    milliamperes).
  • 3 Apply DC current and see that meter reads 0.5
    mA.
  • 4. Now, add the HF full power. Observe HF
    super-heats and dries out the tissue. DC is not
    able to flow, or becomes unstable as the epilator
    attempts to boost voltage. Note that the meter
    drops, or becomes unstable as the epilator
    attempts to boost voltage. (This experiment
    demonstrates that high HF output must not be used
    for the blend, it hampers DC lye formation.

88
Test 6 DC HF Inserted
  • 1. Insert deeply into meat.
  • 2. Apply 70 V 90V and 1.0 mA Dc simultaneously
    for 20 seconds. Observe bubbles appear along
    with coagulation.
  • 3. Slide needle up and down with both current on
    at same time. Observe

89
The Epilator
  • Not all epilators are designed the same.
  • Bono likes to have control!
  • When purchasing a epilator dont expect all units
    to produce the same HF.
  • Know the face-technique and body-technical
    settings, a wide range setting has better
    control.
  • If automation keeps up, man will atrophy all his
    limbs but the push-button fingers.
  • Frank Lloyd Wright

90
The Epilator
  • Bono contends we still need to use the basic
    concepts laid down by Hinkle. They still have
    merit!

91
Bio.
  • Michael Bono, The Blend
  • Arthur Hinkle,PEE
  • Richard Lind, BA,Ma, Electrolysis , Thermolysis,
    and the Blend The Principles and Practice of
    Permanent Hair Removal
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