Management Information Systems

1
Chapter 2
Information Technologies Concepts and Management
2
Learning Objectives

• ????????????????????????? ? ??????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????
• ????????? transaction processing ??? functional
  information systems
• ????????? major internal support systems ???
  ??????????????????? managerial functions.
• ???????????????????? IT ???????? supply chain
  ??????? CRM
• ???????? information infrastructure ???
  architecture.
• ??????????? client/server architecture,
  mainframe-based legacy systems, ??? P2P
  architecture ????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????? ? ??? Web-based information
  systems ???????????????????????????????????????
• ????????? new computing environments.
• ????????? information resources
  ??????????????????? ??? ???????? ISD ??? end
  users ??? ????

3
Building an E-Business At FedEx Corporation

• The problem/opportunity
• ?????????? FedEx ??????????????? ?
  ???????????????????????????????????? ?
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????? ???
  ??????????????????????????????
• ????????? ??????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????? ????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????
• FedEx ????? Goal ???????????? ???
• ?) 100 customer service
• ?) 0 downtime

4

• IT Solution
• Software Application ????????????????????
  e-Shipping Tools ???? Web application
  ???????????????????????????????????????? Web
• ?????????? E-Commerce ??????????

5
(No Transcript)
6

• Result
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????
• ????????????????????????????????????????????supply
  chain
• ???????? ??? ?? Order cycle ??
• ??????????? ??? ?????????????
• ?????????????????????????????
• FedEx ????????????? old-economy shipping company
  ?????? e-business logistic enterprise

7

• Lesson Learned
• ?????????????? e-business ????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????

8
2.1 Information Systems Concepts and Definitions

• ???????????? (Information SystemIS)
  ????????????????????? ? ????????? ??????
  ???????????? ??????????????????? ?
  ?????????????????? ??? ??????? ???????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????? (specific
  purpose)
• Computer Based Information System (CBIS)
  ???????????????????????? ? ????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????? ???? ???????
• ?????????????? ? ??? IS ??????
• Hardware
• Software
• Database
• Network
• Procedure
• People

9
Application Program

• ??????????????? (Application Program)
  ??????????????????? ? ???????????
  ???????????????? ? ??????????????????? ????
  ??????????????????????? ?????????????? ????
  ?????????????????????????????????? ? ????????????
  
• ?????????????????????????????????? ?
  ????????????????? ???????????????? ??????????
  departmental information system ????
  ???????????????????????????????????? ?
  ????????????????????????????? (Human resources)
  ?????????? Human resources information system
  (HRIS)
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????? (electronic networks)
  ????????????????????????????? (wireline) ????
  ?????? (wireless) ?????

10
Enterprisewide information system (EIS)

• ??????????????????????????????????????? ???
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????? ???????? Enterprisewide
  information system
• ????????? Interorganizational information system
  ????????? ????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????? ??????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???? ???????????????????????? ????????????????????
  ?????????????????? ???? ???????????
  ???????????????????????? ??????(data)
  ????????(information) ??? ??????????? (know-
  ledge)???????

11
Data, Information, and Knowledge

• ??????????? Data / Information ??? Knowledge
• Data items ??????? ???????????????????????????????
  ????? ???????????? ???? ???? ????????? ? ????
  ???????????? ? ???? ???????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????? ?
  ???????????????? ??????????????????
• Information ??????? ???????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????
• Knowledge ??????? ?????? ???/????
  ???????????????????????????????????? ???
  ?????????? ?????????? ??????????
  ???????????????????? ??? ???? ??????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ? ?????? KM ??????????
• ????????????????????? ????????????????????????????
  ????? ???????????????
• ????? ??????????????(?????)?????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????

12
2.2 ??????????????????????????????????????

• ???????????? ?????????????????????????????
• 1) ????????????????????????? (organizational
  level)
• 2) ??????????????????????????????????????????
  (support provided)

13
1) ?????????????????????????

• ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????? ???????????????????????????????????
  ??? ????????????????????????? ??? functional
  (departmental) , enterprisewide ???
  interorganizational
• ?) Functional information systems
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??(department)???????????????? ???? ????????
  Departmental IS
• ?) Enterprise information systems
  ???????????????????????? ? ???? ????
  ?????????????? ???? ???????? Enterprisewide
  Information System (EIS) (????????????????? ?
  ???????? ??????? ?????????????????????????????????
  ???) ???????? ERP
• ?) Inter-organizational systems
  ??????????????????????????????????????? ???????
  ???????????? Inter-Organizational IS (IOS)

14
Information System Classification By
Organizational Structure
An information system (IS) can span departments,
business units and corporations.

• Departmental IS
• Enterprise-Wide IS
• Inter-Organizational IS

Information systems are usually connected by
means of electronic networks
15
Classification By Departmental Function
IS ???????????????????????????????(department)????
????????? ?(corporation) ????

• Operations
• Accounting
• Finance
• Marketing
• Human resources

Point-of-Sale (POS)
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) Automates
routine and repetitive tasks that are critical to
the operation of the organization
16
Departmental, corporate, and inter-organizational
IS
17
Information System - Classification By Support
Function

• 5-year sales trend
• Profit Planning
• 5-year budget forecasting
• Product development

Executive Support System

• Sales Management
• Inventory Control
• Annual budget
• Production Scheduling
• Cost Analysis
• Pricing Analysis

Management Information System Decision Support
System Intelligent Support Systems

• Simulation
• Pgm coding
• System support
• Word Processing
• Desktop Publishing

Knowledge Management System Office Automation
System

• Order Processing
• Fulfillment
• Material Movement
• A/R, A/P, GL
• Payroll
• POS

Transaction Processing System
18
2) ??????????????????????????????????????????
(support provided)

• ???????????????? 2.1

19
????????????????????????????? ? (1)

• ???????????????????????????????????????????(??????
  1950) ??????????????????? ????? ?
  ????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????? ? ????????? ???????
  ????????????????????? ??????? ????????????????????
  ? ????????????????????? ???????????????? ? ???
  Transaction Processing Systems (TPSs)
• Management Information Systems (MISs)
  ?????????????????? ????????? ?????? ???
  ???????????? ?????????????????????????????????????
  ???????? ? ????????? ???? ?
• Office Automation Systems (OASs) ????????????
  word processing systems ?????? ???????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????

20
????????????????????????????? ? (2)

• Decision Support Systems ????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????? ???????
  ??????????????????????????????????
• End- user computing ?????????????????????????????
  ?? ? ??????????????? ?????????????????????????????
  ???????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ???
  ???????????? ????????????? ? ?????????????????????
  ? 1980 ???????????????????????? ???????????????
  (Supporting system) ????????????????????????? ???
  ?) ????????????????????????????? (Executive
  Support System) ??????????????????
  (Enterprisewide information system) ?)
  ???????????? (Group support system)

21
????????????????????????????? ? (3)

• Intelligent Support System (ISSs)
  ?????????????????????????(expert systems)
  ??????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????? ?????????????????????????????????????
  ???????? (machine - learning) ???????????????????
  ???????????????????????????? ?????????????????
• Knowledge Management Systems ????????????????
  ???????? ?????????????? ?????????????
  ??????????????? ??????????????????????????? ?
• Data Warehousing ????? data warehouse ??????
  ????????? ?????????????????????????????????????
  DSS, ESS ??? ?????????????????????????????????????
  ?????
• Mobile Computing ????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????? ??????????????????????????
  ???????????????? ?????????????????????????
  ???(wire line network) ?????????? (wireless
  network)

22
????????????????????????????? ? (4)

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????????
• Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??? ????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  (Electronic market) ????????????? ????
  e-commerce
• Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
  ??????????????????????????????
• Web-based system ?????????????????????? 1990
  ??????????????? 2000

23
Integrated Support Systems

• ????????????????????????? (stand alone)
  ??????????????????????????????????? ? ???????????
  ???? ???????????? DSS-ESS
• ??????????????? A Close Look 2.1 Intelligent
  price setting in retailing ???? 58

24
2.3) Transaction Processing versus Functional
Information Systems

• 1) Transaction Processing System (TPS)
• TPS ?????????????????????????????????????????????
  ? ????????????????? ??????????????????????????????
  ??????????? ???????????? ???????????????
  ????????????? ????????????????????????
  Point-of-Sale ??? ?????????????????? ?????
  (Warehouse)
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????? MIS ??? DSS ???????????????????????
  ??????? (Middle Management)
• ???????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????
  ???????????????????? (Value Chain)
• ???????????? ????????????????????
  ????????????????????????? ? (transactions) ???
  ????????????????

25
Routine Business Transactions in a Manufacturing
Company (1)

• Payroll and personnel
• Employee time card
• Employee pay and deduction
• Payroll checks
• Fringe benefit
• Purchasing
• Purchase orders
• Deliveries
• Payment (accounts payable)

• Finance and accounting
• Financial statement
• Tax records
• Expense account
• Sales
• Sales records
• Invoices and billings
• Accounts receivable
• Sales returns
• Shipping

26
Routine Business Transactions in a Manufacturing
Company (2)

• Production
• Production reports
• Quality-control reports
• Inventory management
• Material usage
• Inventory levels

27

• 2) Functional Management Information Systems
• ?????? TPS ?????????????????????????? ? ?????????
  ??? functional area ??????????????????????????????
  
• Functional Management Information Systems
  ??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????? ???????????
  ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????????? ?
  ????

28
2.4) How IT Supports Organizational Activities

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????? ????????????????(Clerical
  worker)??????????????????(office worker)
  ???????????????????? ??????????????????????????
  (operational layer) ??????????? (managerial
  layer) ????? ??????????????? (knowledge worker)
  ????????????? ????????????????? (strategic layer)
  ??????? ???????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????(??????????)?????
  ??????? ?
• ????????????????????????? ????????????????????????
  ??????????????????? ???? ?????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????? ?????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????? ? ?? ????
  ?????????????? (?????????????????
  ???????????????????????) ???????

29

• The Clerical Level and Office Level
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ? ????????????????? ??????????????????????????????
  ?????? ???????????????????????????? ????????????
  ??? ???? ????????? ???? ?????????????
  ????????????? data worker ???????????????
  ??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????
  ?????? word processors, electronic file clerks
  ??? insurance claim processors.
• The Operational Level
• ??????????????????????? ???? first- line managers
  ??????????????????????????????? ???????????????
  (?????????????????????????) ??????????????????????
  ????? ????? ??????????????????????????????????????
  ?? ? ?? ???? ????????????????? ???????????????????
  ??????????????????????????

30

• The Knowledge-Work Level
• ?????????????????????????? advisor ???
  ??????????? ? ???????????????????????? ????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????? ???????????? ? ????????
  ????????????????????????????????? (knowledge
  workers) ?????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????? (?????????????????????? ?????????)
  ???????????????????????????????
• The Strategic Level
• ???????????????????????????????????? (the
  executive) ??????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????? ???????????????????????

31

• ?????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????
• ?) Operational Activities ????????????????????????
  ????????? ???? ????????????? ??????? IS
  ????????????????? ? ??? TPS, MISs ??? Mobile
  systems ??????????????? Supervisors (first-line
  managers), operators ??? clerical employees
• ?) Managerial Activities ???? ?????????? tactical
  activities ???? tactical decisions ?????????
  middle-management ???? ????????? ????????????
  ????????? ?????????? IS ????????????????? ? ???
  MIS
• ?) Strategic Activities ??????????????????????????
  ???????????? ?????????? ??????????????
  ????????????????????? ??? ????????????????????????
  ???????? (initiator of change)

32
(No Transcript)
33
???????????????????????????????????

• ???????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???? ??????????????????????????
• 1) Transaction Processing System (TPS)
• 2) Management Information Systems (MIS)
• 3) Decision Support Systems (DSS)
• 4) Intelligent Support Systems (ISS)
• 5) Executive Support Systems (ESS)
• 6) Office Automation Systems (OAS)
• 7) Knowledge Management Systems (KMS)

34
1) Transaction Processing System (TPS)

• TPS ?????????????????????????????????????????????
  ? ????????????????? ??????????????????????????????
  ??????????? ???????????? ???????????????
  ????????????? ????????????????????????
  Point-of-Sale ??? ?????????????????? ?????
  (Warehouse)
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????? MIS ??? DSS ???????????????????????
  ??????? (Middle Management)
• ???????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????
  ???????????????????? (Value Chain)
• ???????????? ????????????????????
  ????????????????????????? ? (transactions) ???
  ????????????????

35
2) Management Information Systems (MIS)

• ??????????????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???
  ????????????????????? ????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????? ? ????????????? MIS ????????
  ???????????????????????? ?????? MIS
  ???????????????????????????????????????? ????
  ???????????????????? ???????????????????? ????
  ?????????????????? ????? ????????????????????????
  ???????
• ???? ? ????????????? Replenishment, Pricing
  Analysis (Markdowns) ??? Sales Management
• ????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????

36
3) Decision Support Systems (DSS)

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????? (complex non-routine)
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????
• ???? DSS ???????????? tactical level management
  ?????????????????????? ??? ??????????????????
  ????????????????? (what-if analysis)
  ???????????????????? ?????????
• ??????????????????? ????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????? ????????????
• ????????????? DSS
• Mathematical Modeling Simulation
• Queries What-If (OLAP-Cubes)
• Datamining

37
4) Intelligent Support Systems (ISS)

• ?????????????????????? (artificial intelligence
  (AI)) ????????????????????? ????????
  (Intelligence)
• ???????????????????????????? AI ???
  ??????????????? (Expert System ES)
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????? ????
  ??????????
• ?????????????????????????? TPS (??????????????????
  ?????????) MIS ??? DSS (??????????????????????????
  ??) ????????? DSS ????????????????????????????
  ??????????? ??????????????????? ES
  ???????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  (built-in expertise and knowledge)

38
5) Executive Support Systems (ESS)

• ???? ESS ???? Enterprise Information Systems
  (EIS) ??????? ???????????????? ???????? Senior
  management ???????????????????????????????????????
  ? ? ????????????
• ??????? senior management level
  ????????????????????????????????? ????
  ??????????????????????????? ? ????????????????????
  ???????????????????????

39
6) Office Automation Systems (OAS)

• ???????????????????????????? ?????????????????????
  ????????? ? ???????????? ???????? ?????? word
  processing systems, document management systems
  ??? desktop publishing systems
• ???? OAS ?????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????? ??????? ??????????????????
  ?????????????????? ??????????????? ?????????????
  data workers.

40
7) Knowledge Management Systems (KMS)

• ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????
  Top ??? middle ?????????? ???????????????????
  ???? ?????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???? ??????????????????? top ??? middle
  management
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??? ? (External Content) ????? ????????????????
  ??? ??????????????????????????????????????
  (Internal Content)
• ???? KMS ???????????????????????????????
  ????????????????? Internet search engines ???
  expert systems ??????? Web-based computer-aided
  design ??? sophisticated data management systems

41
2.5 How IT Supports Supply Chains, CRM and PRM
Operations

• Supply chain
• ????????????? (supply chain) ?????????????? ?
  ?????????????????????????????? ? ????????????????
  ??? ????????????? ? ??????????????????????????????
  ??? ????????? ??? ?????????????????? (warehouse)
  ???????????????????? (end customer) ????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????? ???????? ???
  ????????????? ? ??????????? end customer ????
• Supply Chain ?????????????????? ???
• 1) Upstream supply chain ?????????????????????????
  ??? First Tier ????? ?????????? procurement

42

• 2) Internal supply chain ??? ?????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????? ??????
  production management, manufacturing ???
  inventory control
• 3) Downstream supply chain ???????????????????????
  ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???????????????????
  ???
• ?????? IT ????????????????????????????????????????
  ?? ???????????????????????????????? Supply Chain
  ??????? ???????????????????? ? 2
  ????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????? ???????????
  enterprise resource planning ( ERP),
  ????????????????? Supply Chain Management (SCM)

43
Downstream SC
Internal SC
Upstream SC
44
Inter-Organizational Systems (IOS)

• IOS ??????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????? ????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????? e-commerce ????
  ??????????????????????????????????? supply chain
• First type of IT system ?????????????????? 1980
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  electronic data interchange (EDI)
• Web-based systems (many using XML) ??????????????
  business applications ??????? Internet ?????????
  browsers ??? Internet ????????????????????????????
  ????? ???????????? ??????????????????????

45
Inter-Organizational Systems (IOS)
Two or more organizations
46
2.6 Information Systems Infrastructure and
Architecture

• Information Technology Infrastructure
• ???????????? IT ????????????
• ??????????????????????????????? ? ??????????????
  ? ??? IT ???????????? ???????? ? ??? IT, ???
  ????????????? IT ?????????????????????????????????
  ?????
• ???????? ? IT Infrastructure ??????
  ??????????????????????? 1) ?????????????
  2)????????? 3) ???????????????????????????????????
  ??????????? 4) ????????? 5)???????????????????????
  ?????????? ??? ???????? ????????????? IT ??????
  ???? ???????????????????????? ??? ????????????
  ??????????????????????????
• ?????????? IT Infrastructure ?????????????????????
  ????? ????????????????? ???????? ??????
  ?????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????
  ? ???????????? ??? ?????? ???

47
Information Infrastructure (?????????????)

• 1) Hardware
• 2) Software
• 3) Networks communication facilities
• 4) Databases
• 5) IS personnel

48

• ?????????????? IT (Information technology
  architecture) ??????? ??????????
  ??????????????????? ? ????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????? ?
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????? (blueprint)?????????????????????
  ?????? ???????????????????? ???????????? IT
  ????????????? ? ??????????????????????????????????
  ?????? ?????????????? IT architecture
  ????????????????????????????????????????? ??????
• ????????????????????????????? ???????
  ????????????????? ????????? ? ??? ??????
  ??????????? IT ???????????????? (????????)
• IT infrastructure ?????????????
  ??????????????????? ??? ????????????????????? ?
  ???????? ?????????? ?????????????????????????
  ???????????? ? ????????????? ?????????????????????
  ??????????

49
Information Technology (IT)

• ???? Information Technology ???? IT
  ?????????????????????????????????? ?????????
  ????????????????? ??????????????????????? ?
  ??????
• IT ??????? ???????????????????????????????????????
  ??????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ???
  ?????????????????????????????????? ??????? ??????
  ???????????? IT ??? ???????????????? ?
  ??????????????????? ?
• ????????????? ????????????????????????????
  information system

50
Information Architecture According to Computing
Paradigms (Environments)(?????????????????????)

• Computing Environment ????????????????????????????
  ???????????? ????????? (hardware, software, ???
  communications technology) ???????????????????????
  ?? ??????? ???????????????????????????????????????
  ??????? (optimal efficiency and effectiveness)
• 1) Mainframe Environment ????????????????????
• 2) PC Environment
• PC-LANs
• Wireless LANs (WLAN)
• 3) Distribution Computing ???????
  ??????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????
  ?????????????? ??????? ???????????????????????????
  ???? ? ???????????????? ????????????????????
  (distributed processing) ??????????????? IT at
  Work 2.1 Flexible IT ARCHITECTURE AT CHASE
  MANHATTAN BABK

51

• ?) Client / server architecture
• ?????????????? distributed architecture ????????
  distributed computing units ????????????????????
  ? ??? ????????? (client) ??? ??????????? (server)
  ????????? ??????????????????????????? ?
• ????????? (Client) ??? ???????????????????????
  (???? PC ??????????????????????????)
  ??????????????????(access) ??????????????? ?
  ????????????????????????? (shared network
  resources)
• ??????????? (Server) ??? ?????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????? /
  ?????????????????? ????????????????????????? ?
  ??????????????

52

• ?) Enterprise wide computing ??????? Computing
  environment ???????????? client/ server
  architecture ????????????????????
• ?) Legacy system ????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????? ?
• ?) ??????-??-?????? (Peer- to Peer (P2P))
  ??????? distribute computing network
  ????????????????? client/server computer
  ????????????????? ? ??????? (shares files) ????
  ??? computer resources directory ???????????????
  ? ???????????????????????? ???????????????????????
  (central service) (????????? traditional client/
  server architecture).

53
2.7 Web-Based Systems (Information Architecture
?????????????)

• ???????????? (Web based systems) ???????
  ????????????????????? ? ???? ?????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????? web browser
  ????? ? ??? ??????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????
• ???????????? (Internet ( the Net)) ???????
  ?????????????????????????????? ???
  ??????????????????????????????????? ?
  ??????????? ???????????????? ?????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????
• Information Superhighway ???????
  ??????????????????????????????????? (fiber-optic-
  based network) ??? wireless infrastructure
  ???????????????????????????????? ????????????? ?
  ???????????

54
World Wide Web/Internet/Extranet

• World Wide Web
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????? ??? ??????????????????????
  ?????????? storing, retrieving formatting ???
  displaying information ??????? client/server
  architecture
• Intranet
• ???????????????????????????? ? ???????????????????
  ??? ? ??? web ???? ????????? (browser) ???
  ???????????????????? ?????????????????????????
  ??????? security gateway ???? firewall ???????
• Extranet
• ????????????????????????????????????? ?
  ?????????????????????????? ? ??????
  ??????????????????????????? ?????????????
  ?????????????????????????? ???? ?????????????????
  ?????????? ?????????????????????????

55
Corporate portal

• Web sites ???????????? gateway ???????????????????
  ??????????? access ?????? ? ?????
  ???????????????????????????????????? ? ??????????
  ???????????? ?????????????
• Corporate portals ????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????? ??????? ???? ??????
• Intranets ??? Extranets ????????????????????
  corporate portal ??? ?????????? ????????????????
  corporate portal ???????

56
Web-Based E-Commerce Systems

• Electronic Storefront Web (????????????????????
  showroom ???? physical store ???????????????????)
  ????????????????????????? e-business
  ????????????????? ???/???? ????????????
• Electronic market ?????????????????????????? ?
  ??????????? ????????? ??????????????
  ????????????? ???????? ???????????????????????????
  ???? ? ??? ???????????
• Electronic exchange Web based public electronic
  market ????? ? ??????????????? ? ??? ???
  ?????????? ? ?????????????????????????????????????
  ????
• Mobile commerce ??????? ??? ???????????????????
  ? ??????????????????? ????????????????
  ??????????????? IT at Work 2.2 Wireless Pepsi
  increases productivity

57
Web-Based E-commerce cont

• Location based commerce ???????????????
  Mcommerce ????????????????? ?????????? ?
  ???????????????? ? ??????????????
  ?????????????????????????
• Enterprise Web Web application
  ?????????????????????????????????? ???
  ????????????(service)??? different vendors ??????
  technology layer ???????? ?????????????? platform
  ??? business systems.
• ???????????????????? Electronic Storefront
  ??????????? ???????????? ??????
  ?????????????????????????? (Store) ??????????
  ????????????????????? ??? (???????????
  Brick-and-Mortar ???????) ????????
  ???????????????? H/W ??? S/W (????????
  Click-and-Mortar)

58
Traditional store (Brick-and-Mortar)
????????????? ????????????????????????????????????
????????? ???????????????????????????
59
Structure of Electronic Storefront (H/W)
????????????? ????????????????????????????
Electronic Storefront ????????????????
60
Structure of Electronic Storefront (S/W)
????????????? ????????????????????????????
Electronic Storefront
61
2.8) Emerging Computing Environment

• Utility computing ???????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????? ???????????
  (????????????????????????????????????)
  ????????????????? ?????????????? virtual
  utilities ??????????
• Subscription computing Utility computing
  ???????????????????????? ?????????? computing
  platform ???????? ?????????????
  (??????????????????????????? ?) ??????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????
• Grid computing ??????????????????????????????????
  ? ? ??????? unused processing cycles??????????????
  ???? ? ???????? ??????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????
• Pervasive computing ???????????? ?
  ?????????????? ? ??????? (??????????) ???????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ? ??? ? ??????

62
Emerging Computing cont

• Web services ????????? ? ????????????????????????
  ???????????????????? ???????????????????(prefabric
  ated) ??????????????????????????
  ???????????????????? ?????????????? ?
  ?????????????????????? ???????????????????????????
  ?? ? ?????? ??????? ??????????????????????????????
  ?????????????? ? ??????????

63
2.8 Managing Information Resources (1)

• Managers checklist (page 78)
• Tradition Major IS Function
• 1) Managing systems development and systems
  project management
• 2) Managing computer operations, including the
  computer center
• 3) Staffing, training and developing IS skills
• 4) Providing technical services

64
Managing Information Resources (2)

• Managing Security
• 1) Educating the non-IS managers about IT
• 2) Educating the IS staff about the business
• 3) Supporting end-user computing

65
Managing Information Resources (3)

• New (Additional) Major IS Functions
• 1) Initiating and designing specific strategic
  information systems
• 2) Infrastructure planning, development, and
  control
• 3) Incorporating the Internet and electronic
  commerce into the business
• 4) Managing system integration including the
  Internet, intranets and extranets
• 5) Partnering with the executive level that runs
  the business
• 6) Managing outsourcing
• 7) Proactively using business and technical
  knowledge to send innovative ideas about IT
• 8) Creating business alliances with vendors and
  IS departments in other organizations
• 9) Providing new computing environments (e.g.
  wireless)

66
MANAGERIAL ISSUES

• The transition to e-business.
• ????????????????????? networked-computing-based
  e-business ??????????????????????? E-business
  ??????? client/ server architecture, intranet,
  Internet connection, e-commerce policy and
  strategy ?????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????? ??????? ??????????????????????
  ?????????? ???????????? ??????????????
  Information Technology ???????????????????????
  ??????????????????

67
MANAGERIAL ISSUES Continued

• From legacy systems to client/server to
  intranets, corporate portals, and Web-based
  systems.
• ??????????? ? ???????????????? ?????????????
  ????????? ??????????? ????????????????????????????
  ? legacy systems ?????? Web-based client/server
  enterprise-wide architecture ?????????????????????
  ????????????? Web-based client/server
  ?????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???? ?????????????? intranets ?????????????
  client/server ?????????? ???????????? new
  architecture ?????????? new infrastructure
  ??????????????????????????????? legacy systems
  ???????????????????? people, quality of work, ???
  budget ??????????????????????????????? wireless
  infrastructure.

68
MANAGERIAL ISSUES Continued

• How to deal with the outsourcing and utility
  computing trends. Outsourcing ??????????????
  ????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????????????
  ???????????????? ?????????????????????????????????
  ?? utility computing
• How much infrastructure?
• ???????????????????? information system
  applications ?????????????????????? intangible
  benefits ??? technology ??????????????????????????
  ??????????????????? ????????????????????
  infrastructure ???????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????? ????????? Basic architecture
  ?????????????? ?????????????? ????????????????? ?
  ???????????????

69
MANAGERIAL ISSUES Continued

• The roles of the ISD (Information System
  Department) and end users.
• ???????? ISD ?????????????? ??????????????????????
  ?????????????? ??????????????? ISD
  ???????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  IT application ???? ? ???????? ???????
  ???????????????????????? end-user computing
  ????????????????????????? ????? end user
  ???????????? ??????????????????????
  ????????????????????????? ???????????? end user
  ??????????????????????????????????????????? IT

70
MANAGERIAL ISSUES Continued

• Ethical issues
• ??????????????? ISD ?????????? end users
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???? ??????????????? ISD ?????????????????????????
  ???????????????? ?????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????? ???? ???????????????????
  ??????????????