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The Protestant Reformation

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And Counter Reformation Reformation was the major split in the Christian Church between Catholics and Protestants it was a Protestant movement begun at first to ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Protestant Reformation


1
The Protestant Reformation
  • And Counter Reformation

2
Reformation
Luther at Worms
  • was the major split in the Christian Church
    between Catholics and Protestants
  • it was a Protestant movement begun at first to
    correct practices which many people felt were
    wrong for the Church to do, but later split off
    from the Catholic Church

3
Martin Luther
  • Father of the Protestant Reformation
  • German monk
  • believed in justification by faith or that a
    person could be made good by Gods mercy love
  • brought into conflict with Pope Leo X over
    Indulgences, buying off peoples sins by
    donations
  • preached against Catholic practices he felt were
    wrong
  • 1517, he nailed a list of 95 complaints,
    Ninety-five Theses, to a church door in
    Wittenberg, Germany

4
More Luther
  • Luther was excommunicated, condemned as a heretic
    outlaw he went into hiding
  • while in hiding, Luther translated the Bible into
    German laid the foundation of the 1st
    Protestant faith, Lutheranism
  • salvation was by faith alone (not good works)
  • the only source of religious truth was the Bible
    (not priests)
  • church services were held in the vernacular
  • priests could marry

5
Other Protestant Reformers
  • Other Protestant Reformers
  • John Calvin
  • from Switzerland
  • doctrine called predestination, or that God alone
    determines the fate of every person
  • as Calvinism spread, they were known in France as
    Huguenots in England were called Puritans

6
Henry VIII (Tudor)
  • king of England, at 1st condemned Luther was
    awarded the title, Defender of the Faith by Leo
    X
  • asked Pope for an annulment from wife, Catherine
    of Aragon (with whom he had 6 children, only 1
    surviving) a daughter, Mary
  • wanted to marry Anne Boleyn to produce a male
    heir
  • the pope refused, Henry split with the Church
    began Church of England (Anglican) allowed him
    to divorce Catherine marry Anne who had a
    daughter, Elizabeth

7
Henrys Wives
8
Elizabeth and Mary Tudor
  • Henry married 4 more times, and finally a son,
    Edward VI
  • Became king at age 9 died at 16
  • 1556 Mary became Queen, very Catholic
    determined to make England Catholic again
  • Many Protestants put to death, given the
    nickname, Bloody Mary
  • succeeded by Elizabeth, who ruled as a Protestant
    queen from 1558 1603 never married had no
    children known as the Virgin Queen
  • Henry VIII is known as the Protestant Reformer
    of England

9
The Counter Reformation
  • (The Catholic Reformation)

10
Council of Trent 1545-1563
  • Pope Paul III
  • Met to reform the Church and reaffirm Catholic
    beliefs
  • Rituals and tradition will remain part of worship
  • Salvation through faith and good works
  • Church tradition equal to Bible as source of
    religious truth
  • Selling of indulgences and simony were outlawed
  • Pope is the head of the Church on earth
  • Seminaries for proper training of priests
  • Stricter rules for clergy (monasteries and
    convents)
  • Reinstituted the Inquisition to stamp out heresy

11
Edward VI and the PopeThe Word of the Lord
Endureth Forever, All Fleshe is Crase
12
Catholics Respond
  • Spreading Catholicism
  • Stem the spread of Protestantism, strengthen
    Catholicism
  • Ignatius of Loyola founded the Society of Jesus
  • known as Jesuits
  • Preached, helped the poor, established schools
  • As missionaries strengthened Catholicism in
    Eastern Europe and rest of the world

13
Europe Divided
  • Peace of Augsburg
  • HRE Charles V tried to stop the spread of
    Protestant ideas
  • 1555, after many wars, political battles and
    religious debates, signed treaty Peace of
    Augsburg
  • allowed each Ger. Prince to choose religion of
    his state
  • Division of Europe into Protestant north
    Catholic south

14
Inquisition
  • Church courts vigorously tried to wipe out
    heretics
  • Helped stop spread of Protestantism in Italy and
    Spain

15
Results
  • Encouragement of Education
  • Bible in Vernacular, encouraged people to learn
    to read
  • Step toward Religious Tolerance
  • People realized that intolerance threatened their
    own religion

Look Mom! I can Read it!
Luthers Bible in German
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