Raman

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• ?????????????????,???????????????????(????)?,??
  ?????????????,????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????,?????????????????????????????????
  ????,?????1928????????????????

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The Nobel Prize in Physics 1930

• for his work on the scattering of light and for
  the discovery of the effect named after him
• Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
• (1888 1970)
• Calcutta University Calcutta, India

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• ????????????????????????,?????,???????????
  ?????????,???????????????????????????????,????????
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??????????
? Material checks anorganic and organic
contaminations, stress ? Corrosions products
identification of different oxides ? Carbon ?
diamond - CVD and natural ? amorphous carbon ?
carbon fibres ? Adsorbates on catalysts and
electrode surfaces ? Forensic ? detection
identification of drugs, explosives, fabrics etc.
? Mineralogy and Gemmology ? characterisation
? inclusions ? purity ? Art ? identification
of materials and paintings, (restauration!)
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• 1. ????????
• ??????????????,???????,??????????????,?????
  ???????????????????????????????????

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??????????????,??????????????????,???????
?????????????????,??????????(Virtual
state),??????????????????,????????????????,???????
????????????????????????,?????????????,???????,???
??????????,?????????????????????,?????????????????
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(from Larry G. Anderson, University of Colorado
at Denver, US)
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???1). ?????????????????????????????,??????????
???????????????????????2). ????????????????????,??
??Boltzmann??,??????????????????????????????,?????
???????????????
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??????????,?i?????,h?Planck??,k?Boltzmann??,T?????
?
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(No Transcript)
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2. ????????? Raman?????????????,?????????????
?????????,????????????????????Nylon
66?Raman???????
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3. ????????? ?????????????,??????????????
??????,???????,??????????,??????????,??????
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(No Transcript)
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3.1 ???? ??????????????????,????????????????,
?????????????????????,?????,??????????????????????
????,?????,???????????????????????????????????????
??????????,???514.5nm?488.0nm?????,???????0.21W??
?????????(632.8nm,?
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50mW)??????????/???????????YVO4Nd??,???532.0nm.??
?????????????????????????????,??????????????,?????
???????????????????514.53nm(19430cm-1)?????,??????
?0.15cm-1?????????????,??????,??0.001cm-1???,?????
???????????????????????????????????
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3.2 ?????????? ??????????????????????,?????
???????????????,??????????,????????????????????(??
,???)?????
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???????????,???????????????????????,??????????
??????????????????,??????????,????????????L1?????,
????????(???????10µm)??????,??????????????????????
???????,????????L2???????????????????????????
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(No Transcript)
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???,????????????,?????????????????????????M1?M2???
???????,M1???????????????????,????????????????????
?????????????M2?????????????????,?????????????????
????????????????,??M1?M2??????????,???????????
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????????????/?????????????????
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3.3 ???? ??????????????,?????????????????????
?????????????????,??????????????????,??????,??????
????(?1cm-1)??????????(?50cm-1?)????10-11?????????
??,??????????????,????????,???????????
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3.4 ??,??????? ?????????????????????????,?????
?????,?????????????????????????????,??????,???????
?????????????????????????????,???????????????????1
0-9A???????,??10-10A?????????????????????
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???????,????????????,????????????,???????????
????,???????????????????,??????????????????,??????
?,?????????? ????????????????????????101105??
?,?????????????0.1s10µS,??????????????????0.110µ
S,????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????
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????????,?????????????????????????,???????????????
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4. ??????????????? ????????,??????????,????????
????,????????,????????????????????
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4.1 ?? ???????????????????????????????????????
??,??????????????????????,?????????????,??????????
??????????????????,???????,???????????????,???????
??????????????,????????,?????????,??????
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4.2 ?????? ???????????????,???????????????,????
????????????????????????,?????????????????????????
????????????????????????,????????????????????
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4.3 ???? ???????????????????,????????????????
?????????????????????????,??,????????,???????????
????????,?????????????????????????????????????????

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4.4 ???? ???????????????????,????????,????514.
5nm??488.0nm??????,????????????(100cm-1???),?????
????????????????????????????????????????????????,
????????????????????????????????????????????,?????
??????????????????
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???????????????????????????????,??????????????????
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???????????,???????,??????????
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?????????????????/????? (LRS-III
??????????)
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????????? 1) ?? 1200L/mm 2) ????
D/F1/5.5 3) ?? A. ?? 0-2mm???? B.
????20mm C. ????0.01mm 4) ??????????
5) ????????,????532nm,???? 40mw 6) ????
300-650nm 7) ???? 0.4nm 8) ????? 0.2nm
9) ???10-3 10)?????2.7nm/mm
11)????????589nm?,???3mm,?0.2mm,?
????0.2nm
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