SIGMUND FREUD

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SIGMUND FREUD

• Father of Psychoanalysis

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The Psychoanalytic School of Thought

• a perspective or viewpoint in which one goes
  back to childhood traumas via hypnosis or dream
  analysis and finds the trigger or root of the
  problem. The problem is usually an unresolved
  conflict between their basic drives (ID) and the
  morality of their desires (SUPEREGO).

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Freuds Personality Development Theories

• Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
• Important work in the first ½ of 20th Century
• Was a medical doctor in Vienna, Austria
• Became interested in abnormal behaviours and what
  caused them how we think, feel act.
• Believed the human mind was a complex instrument,
  made up of 3 aspects the Conscious, the
  Preconscious and Unconscious Mind.

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Freuds discoveries

• 1. That people are always in CONFLICT between
  their basic drives and the restrictions that
  society places on them and that these drives are
  diametrically opposite.
• 2. Early childhood experiences, especially those
  with sexual connections, strongly influence adult
  personality, and these are the basis for many
  adult emotional problems

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• 3. The human personality is made up of three
  aspects
• ID, Ego Superego
• Which can only be recalled through hypnosis or
  dream analysis, not at will.

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Conscious Mind What we are aware of at any given
time Preconscious Mind What we can recall
(memories, stored knowledge)
EGO the existence of REALITY, reason and common
sense in the personality. The ego is derived by
the Id, but the Ego obeys the REALITY PRINCIPLE.
It tries to satisfy the id, but does so
pragmatically, in accordance with the real world
and its real demands.
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• Unconscious Mind recalled through
  psychoanalysis cannot be recalled at will.
• ID the most primitive portion of the
  personality, containing all of the basic
  BIOLOGICAL urges (to eat, to drink, to eliminate,
  etc)but MOST OF ALL to gain sexual pleasure. The
  ID seeks to immediately satisfy basic needs
  the pleasure principle whatever the cost. The
  ID is blind to the distinction between
  fantasy/reality, self/world, and wishing /
  having
• SUPEREGO a new reaction pattern which develops
  from within the Ego that acts as a kind of judge,
  that decides if the ego has been good or bad.
  The Superego is ones unconscious (morals
  values), which represents the internalized rules
  and admonitions of parents society. The
  Superego is in CONFLICT with the ID. This is the
  last stage to develop one must be old enough to
  learn.

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Conflict between Id and Superego?

• If a personality had too much of one or the
  other, what do you think the person would be
  like?
• What behaviours might they demonstrate?

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• Ultimately, anxiety, stress frustration will
  resurface later in life in other forms of
  abnormal behaviours...

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Video Recap (9mins)

• http//education-portal.com/academy/lesson/id-ego-
  and-superego.html

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Theory of Psychosexual Development

• A child begins life as a bundle of
  pleasure-seeking tendencies. Pleasure is obtained
  through zones of the body that are particularly
  sensitive to touch Erogenous Zones. Development
  depends on changes in the distribution of sexual
  energy (libido) through stimulation of those
  erogenous zones.
• FIXATION can occur when drives are not satisfied.

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• A child goes through definite stages of
  development. His or her experiences during those
  stages (either overindulgence or deprivation)
  have a great influence on personality and who
  they become later in life

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Oral Stage (birth18 mths)

• Pleasure gratification seeking through the
  mouth sucking, licking, biting, gumming, chewing
  anything they can put into their mouths conflict
  over weaning.
• FIXATION Unsatisfied oral drives may be
  expressed later in life by overeating or perhaps
  excessive smoking (both oral habits).

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Anal Stage (18mths3 yrs)

• During time of toilet training young children,
  the emphasis shifts to the anus for pleasure
  seeking gratification obtained from defecation.
• FIXATION Excessively strict toilet training may
  result in feelings of dislike for authority
  figures later in life, extreme neatness or
  strictness (anal personality, type A personality)

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Phallic Stage (2 6 years)

• Pleasure seeking through sex organs, when
  children become aware of their genitalia and
  develop a sexual awareness
• Oedipus Complexa little boys sexual attachment
  to his mother fear of retaliation from father.
• Electra Complex a little girl wishes to have her
  father to herself resentment of competition from
  mother.

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Phallic Stage

• Superego develops at the end of this stage, as
  each gender finally identifies with their own
  gender role model the resolution of the
  Oedipus/Electra complex.
• FIXATION in this stage includes obsessive gender
  activities (tom-boy, girly-boy), vanity,
  gender confusion, even obsession with
  masturbation/sexual pleasure.

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Latency Stage (6 yrs to Puberty)

• In this stage, there is very little sexuality
  observed sexual impulses are repressed.
• Boys seek companionship of boys, girls of other
  girls development of friendships instrumental.
• Attentions turn towards school play, less
  concerned with bodies.
• FIXATION in this stage might result in low libido
  or lack of interest in sex or members of the
  opposite sex.

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Genital Stage (at Puberty)

• Struggle between the Id (sexual energy) and the
  Superego (enforcement of social rules controlling
  sexual behaviour) exists.
• Attained in adult sexuality, in which pleasure is
  not based only on ones own sexual gratification,
  but also in the satisfaction brought to another
  person resolution occurs in the development of
  intimate relationships.
• FIXATION in this stage can manifest itself in
  abnormal behaviours such as pedophiles,
  voyeurism, and additional sexual disorders.

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Video Recap (14 mins)

• http//education-portal.com/academy/lesson/freuds-
  stages-of-psychosexual-development.html

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Defense Mechanisms
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• Defence Mechanisms
• Are strategies adopted by the mind to cope with
  the situation. They are used in attempt to
  protect oneself from unpleasant emotions however,
  the often result in equally harmful problemshere
  are just a few
• Denial rejection of a painful reality the
  refusal to accept reality and to act as if a
  painful thought or feeling didn't exist.
• Repression banning unacceptable thoughts and
  impulses from our conscious memory (e.g. abuse)

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• Displacement replacing a threatening object
  with a less threatening one the redirecting of
  thoughts, feelings impulses from one object to
  a safer one (e.g. Being angry at your boss and
  kicking your dog)
• Projection blocking acceptable feelings by
  attributing them to someone else (e.g. An angry
  spouse accuses their partner of hostility).

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Rationalization making poor behaviour appear to
be good by giving it an acceptable reason
(excuses) e.g. The promotion you wanted
worked for but didn't get becomes a dead end job
for yes men Regression the reversion to an
earlier stage of development in the face of
overwhelming fear e.g. An adolescent who is
overwhelmed with fear, anger and growing sexual
impulses might become clinging and revert to
thumb sucking or bed wetting.
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Sublimation the channelling of impulses into
socially acceptable outlets (e.g. Anger into
hockey/punching bag, etc.) Reaction
formationthe expression of the opposite of
disturbing ideas converting wishes or impulses
that are perceived as dangerous into their
opposites finding reasons why others shouldn't
do something that we've done. (e.g. A woman
furious with child wishes her harm might become
overly concerned protective of her health)
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Video Recap (8mins)

• http//education-portal.com/academy/lesson/Freudia
  n-defense-mechanisms.html