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SAFETY ISSUES OF ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTION IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION: BRIEF REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES Irina Prokopyeva, New-Zima Heat-Electric ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: SAFETY ISSUES


1
SAFETY ISSUES OF ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTION IN
RUSSIAN FEDERATION BRIEF REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF
ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES
Irina Prokopyeva, New-Zima Heat-Electric
Generating Station of Irkutskenergo Corp,
Sayansk, Irkutsk Region, RF Andrey
Trufanov, Irkutsk State Technical University,
Irkutsk, RF
2
1. Introduction into Electric Power
Industry Fundamental problems relating to the
prosperity of mankind include food, environment,
energy, and health. Energy Supplement Continuity
supplies all the modern technologies
processing. Electric power industry for Public
Health Electricity is the lifeblood of a
hospital. Accidents and emergencies in electric
power industry In whole energy systems might be
referred to national critical
infrastructure. The National Strategy for
Homeland Security in the US categorizes critical
infrastructures into the following
sectors Agriculture, Food, Water, Public Health,
Emergency Services, Government, Defense
Industrial Base, Information and
Telecommunications, Energy, Transportation,
Banking and Finance, Chemical Industry and
Hazardous Materials, Postal and
Shipping Accidents and emergencies , in any
critical industry , may be caused by natural
disasters or by technical failures, by personnel
errors or terrorist attacks . Accidents in
electric industry result to the following
consequences - Outage of consumers -
Influence on sensitive institutions (medical ,
sanitary, air traffic control, law-enforcement
etc.) - Transport problems - Outage of ICT
devices - Outage of devices of storage of foods
- Influence on system failures of functioning
of dangerous industrial units- Emergency
protection and action of the personnel on nuclear
energy units - environment damage .
SAFETY ISSUES OF ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTION
3
2. Electric power systems Usually an
electric power system of any country is a group
of generation, transmission, distribution,
communication, and other facilities that are
physically connected and operated as a single
unit under one control. Specificity of
electric power systems -Because electricity
cannot be stored, it must be generated,
transmitted to the consumer, and consumed
instantaneously. -Electric utility companies
world wide have been treated as monopolies
because duplicate facilities, particularly
transmission and distribution lines, would be
inefficient. -Accident at one unit impacts on
the whole Electric System and might cause a
crisis in the vast region -Events happen faster
than experts are able to react to them. 3.
Reorganization of power system in Russia From
technical operators to organizers. The
privatization and market competition have
resulted in radical change of a control
system. The government of the Russian Federation
in July, 2001 nevertheless has concluded the
decision ¹ 526 About reforming electric power
industry of the Russian Federation which
provided division of a uniform electropower
complex into numerous commercial structures on
generating , Transmission, distribution and
selling electric power. The decision reflected
interests of management of RAO UES (the United
Energy System of Russia) Corp, . In 2003 the
Act About electric power industry , has
started liquidation of regional power Joint-stock
companies - association of federal power
generating stations of the wholesale market in
incorporated generating companies , and also
breakage of the centralized system of dispatching
management of electric power complex of the
country.
SAFETY ISSUES OF ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTION
4
  • 4. US experience in electric power industry
  • The power industry of the US is experienced to
    the condition of market
  • There are five functioning independent system
    operators (ISOs) in the United States.
  • 16 756 generating companies in the US have a
    total capacity of 1 000 000 MWts
  • Transmission of electric power is utilized
    through The Interconnected Networks
  • The U.S. bulk power system has evolved into three
    major networks (power grids)
  • the Eastern Interconnected System,
  • the Western Interconnected System, and
  • the Texas Interconnected System.
  • Virtually all U.S. utilities are interconnected
    with at least one other utility by these three
    major grids. The bulk power system makes it
    possible for utilities to engage in wholesale
    (for resale) electric power trade.
  • However whole sale trading does not lead
    automatically to greater reliability
  • Scale blackout in USA in 2003 -
  • On August 14, 2003, a series of power surges over
    a 12-second period triggered a cascade of
    shutdowns at more than 100 generating plants
    throughout eight U.S. states and Ontario. The
    result was the biggest blackout in North American
    history. 61,800 megawatts of power were lost to
    over 50 million people.

SAFETY ISSUES OF ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTION
5
  • 5. Reliability of the Russian power supply system
  • Russia severe climate and extremely high
    level of energy consumption .
  • Russian market partisan experts almost exclude
    an opportunity of a power interruption within the
    country
  • In USA there is no integrated power system
    providing operative redirection of the electric
    flow from one region to another
  • Moreover the American system has no uniform
    dispatching centre similar to Russian system
    operator.
  • In FSU countries, power systems work in
    parallel in 1998 NIS members signed such the
    agreement and supported the work that reduces
    risk of outages up to a minimum.
  • 6. Recent accidents in Russian electric power
    industry
  • Contrary to above-stated arguments Russia has
    faced to frequent large scale failures in
    electric supply -
  • May, 2005 About a thousand residential blocks
    in the south, southeast and southwest of Moscow
    and downtown did not have electricity, 113
    kindergartens and 106 schools, one maternity
    home, one tuberculosis sanatorium and other
    establishments (a total of 219 educational
    establishments and three healthcare facilities)
    had no electricity.
  • June, 2005 electricity outage in
  • - Dubna, Moscow region, as a consequence of
    hurricane , that damages power transmission lines
  • -Blagovestshensk, Amur region as a result of
    energy energetic step that generates outage of
    central transmission substation and consequent
    cascade outage of smaller substations
  • regional hospital had had no electricity for 1
    hour as its emergency power supply equipment
    failed.
  • July 2005 electricity outage in

SAFETY ISSUES OF ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTION
6
7. No access to realistic information on
accidents and emergencies in electric power
industry There is no data on accidents on the
map of the site of RAO UES Corp.
(http//www.rao-ees.ru/ru/internet/map.cgi) nor
in the report of The federal network company
of Uniform power system (http//www.fsk-ees.ru
/ru/) Russian Search Engine Yandex
(http//www.yandex.ru/ ) proposed 4 sites with no
references to concrete figures and digits when it
is required Accidents and emergencies in
electric power industry. 8-1. Accidents and
Emergencies in Electric Power Production
Corporation
Irkutskenergo
Irkutskenergo Corporation is the third largest
power generating company in Russian Federation
and is number one in Asian part of the country.
Generator Nameplate Capacity (MW) of the
Irkutskenergo Corp - 12881,6 ?W. In 2004 by
units Irkutskenergo Corp produced 53 , 717
billion kWh . The corproration 3
hydroelectric power stations, 12 thermal power
stations, 5 Electric grids, 3 heat grids,
Trading company, Renovation Company "
Irkutskenergoremont, and Civil engineering
Company " Irkutskenergostroy" The cost price of
electric energy for 2004 has made 0.7 cent/kWh,
The tariff for the electric power for urban
population makes 1.1 cent/kWh More than 12000
persons work for the corporation
SAFETY ISSUES OF ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTION
7
  • 8-2. Accidents and Emergencies in Electric
    Power Production Corporation

  • Irkutskenergo
  • Total of technological infringements, including
    failures and incidents in 2004 in Comparison
    with 2003 (( In brackets )
  • - incidents 202 (266),
  • - principal accidents (1 )
  • - Total short-delivery of electric energy -
    2140.6 ( 818.41) MWh
  • - Total short-delivery of heat energy - 2.7
    ( 0.67) GBtu
  • Economic damage on all infringements 4,368
    (4,170) M roubles
  • technological infringements
  • 1(1) - Infringement of treaty obligations on
    delivery of energy
  • 1 (0) - Damage of technological buildings,
    constructions,
  • 1 (0) - Full dump of electric or thermal loading
    of unit
  • 103 (99) - Damage of the equipment of unit

SAFETY ISSUES OF ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTION
8
  • 8-3. Accidents and Emergencies in Electric
    Power Production Corporation

  • Irkutskenergo
  • b) infringement of conditions of safe operation
    of a dangerous industrial target
  • 66 (44) - The boiler equipment
  • 3 (4 )- The turbine equipment
  • 2(0) - The auxiliary thermal-mechanical
    equipment
  • 9(9) - The electrotechnical equipment
  • 1(0) - Natural disaster impact
  • c) infringements of organizing rules and codes
  • 11 (16 )- Inaccurate or Unauthorized actions of
    operators
  • 6 (9)- Inaccurate or Unauthorized actions of
    the personnel of services
  • 15 (8) - Inaccurate or Unauthorized actions of
    the involved personnel

SAFETY ISSUES OF ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTION
9
  • 9 . Automatics and the equipment in the
    prevention of failures versus human factor
  • Obviously technical solutions and advanced
    load control techniques to prevent accidents are
    welcome in the industry .
  • But it becomes clear that the most basic issue is
    not a technical technological one.
  • Mainly It is not a problem of gizmos it is a
    problem of people.
  • 10. Information Security approaches for the
    decision of problems of power industry
  • Instruments to prevent accidents in Electric
    Power Production Industry may be classified just
    the same way as in InfoSec
  • Ethical
  • Legislative
  • Organizational
  • Physical ( technical facilities and equipment )

SAFETY ISSUES OF ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTION
10
  • 11. Networking
  • Networking -gt to prevent accidents in Electric
    Power Production Industry
  • Networking contemplates not only technical P2P
    connection inside corporation but effective,
    reliable and fruitful information exchange
    between diverse disciplines (Interdisciplinary
    Networking) , diverse management level
    (Inter-level Networking) and through over the
    world ( International Networking ).
  • Conventional Networking Reliable and Target
    Corporative P2P information exchange
  • Interdisciplinary Networking Implementation of
    Experience of Nuclear Industry, Information
    Security, Supercourse
  • Inter-level Networking G2P, G2B, B2P information
    exchange to solve prevention tasks more
    accurately and in time
  • International Networking Implementation of
    experience of excellence , that other nations
    have
  • Pluses for implementation Networking
    Restructuring of the industry, Modern ICT,
    Current experience on electricity market of the
    US, Educated Personnel
  • Minuses for implementation Networking
  • Anti- networking - The separation that was
    created intentionally
  • Execution of natural networking foundation -
    The Changing Electric Power Industry

SAFETY ISSUES OF ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTION
11
  • 12. Conclusion
  • During the USSR the main electric power industry
    feature was electricity generating , and the
    centralized scheme control the structure of
    energy delivering up to object. That very
    inexorable scheme of control was technically
    enough reliable.
  • The significant part of this scheme has been kept
    to nowadays.
  • With introduction of market mechanisms,
    separation of the industry on three components
    generation, distribution and trading , old
    methods are not capable to provide former
    reliability. It is obvious that to to freeze
    re-structuring of old control system , as though
    it was not criticized a new one, it is
    impossible. This re-structuring requires
    effective means of reliability of work.
  • The point is not in type of the market, but
    whether its is controlled by society (through the
    government). Networking is just necessary for
    such management to prevent accidents and
    emergencies.
  • Critical infrastructures should be reliably
    protected, such protection should be provided at
    all levels government , corporate and personal.
  • Therefore it seems reasonable to support
    networking as interdisciplinary, inter-level and
    international , allowing to use experience of
    other industry, but also the one of other level
    or other nation.
  • All the efforts are always worthwhile in the end.

SAFETY ISSUES OF ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTION
12
All the efforts are always worthwhile in the end
THANK YOU !
Irina Prokopyeva , New-Zima Heat-Electric
Generating Station of Irkutskenergo Corp,
Sayansk, Irkutsk Region, RF E-MAIL
pi333_at_mail.ru Andrey Trufanov, Irkutsk State
Technical University, Irkutsk, RF E-MAIL
troufan_at_istu.edu
SAFETY ISSUES OF ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTION
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