Social Studies Assessment

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Social Studies Assessment

• Review

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• Dawn Donegan 6th grade teacher at Santa Fe
  Trail
• Edited a little by Deb Brown K-12 Social Studies
  Specialist.

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Civics - Government
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Rights Responsibilities

• Family (fair share)
• Peer Group (speak listen)
• School (learn share)
• Local Government (safety)
• State Government (education)
• National Government (military protection, vote)
• Changes in laws must be passed by cities.

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American Republican System

• Liberty freedom, individual rights
• Justice how we uphold responsibilities
• Equality of opportunity equal chance for
  success
• Human dignity basic human rights

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Individual Liberty

• Often called Freedom of Speech
• You are each entitled to your own ideas.
• You are allowed to disagree with the freedoms of
  others, as long as it doesnt promote breaking of
  any laws

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3 Branches of Government

• Executive carries our the laws
• Legislative Makes the laws
• Judicial interprets enforces laws

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Rules and Laws

• Give us safety and order.
• Help with organization.
• Allows equality for people.

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Evaluating Rules Laws

• Common good what you do for the good of
  yourself, others or the situation.
• Individual rights what you do that is good and
  right for you.

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Republic

• Run by Chief of State
• Citizens elect officials
• The U.S. has this
• The ancient Romans finally got this after the
  last king was forced to leave

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Commander in-Chief

• President of the United States
• Head of all military forces
• Enforces the laws of the Constitution

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Voting

• You must be 18 years old to vote.
• The Constitution tells this information.
• It is called Amendment 26

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Democracy

• Government ruled by the people
• Usually a majority rules
• of the people, by the people and for the
  people!

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Monarchy

• Ruled by a King or Queen
• Usually called the Royal Family
• The monarchy is not elected, you are born into or
  marry into the family.
• You rule for life (ie.. Until you die)
• Examples Great Britain (Queen )

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Sales Tax

• Pays for the cost of running the government.
• Varies from state to state
• Varies from city to city
• All citizens must pay
• Added to the cost of something that you buy

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Economics
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Buying and Selling

• The U.S. buys clothing, toys, cars and oil from
  other countries. This is called IMPORTING.
• The U.S. sells cars, crops and clothing to other
  countries. This is called EXPORTING.
• .
• .

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Trading

• Countries trade with each other because they both
  have something that their people (consumers) want
  to buy
• They want to make as much money as they can.
  They try to make or purchase the goods as cheaply
  as they can. That way they can sell them for
  more money.
• The are looking for a profit!

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Buying and Selling

• Why do we import goods from other countries if we
  can make those same goods in our own country?
• The goods are often less expensive to the
  consumers because they are less expensive to make
  in other countries.
• This provides more profit to the company.

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Taxes, taxes and more taxes

• Why do Americans pay taxes?
• Tax dollars are what pays for the government to
  provide services to us.
• Everything the government does must be paid for.
  For instance, protecting the people, public
  schools, highways and roads.
• What other services does our government provide?

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Local Taxes

• The taxes you pay get divided between your local
  government , state and the federal government.
• Local taxes pay for your schools, roads, police,
  city museums, firefighters, teachers, libraries
  and much, much more!
• Taxes provide
• government services.

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Federal Taxes

• A set amount of every tax dollar you spend goes
  to Washington, D.C.
• That money pays for your military security,
  government building, and many other programs.
• Every government job is paid with tax dollars.

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Cost

• Cost is what you give up in order to do
  something.
• There is usually a cost for everything.
• Cost is not always measured in dollars.

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Benefit

• Benefit is what you get for doing something.
• Not all benefits are tangible items you can hold
  in your hand.
• Benefits are usually not measured in dollar
  amount.

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Cost Benefit Examples

• I promised my neighbor I would baby-sit Friday
  night before I knew my best friend was having a
  birthday party.
• Cost is missing the fun party my friends are all
  going to.
• Benefit is making 20.00 babysitting

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Cost and Benefit

• Cost and Benefit is all about making choices!
• Doing my homework on a regular basis
• Cost spending a lot of time doing this.
• Benefit good grades, I feel great about myself,
  my parents are proud!

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Opportunity Cost

• What you give up to get something else.
• Example Your Sister lets you borrow her new
  clothes for the party Friday night.
• You realize you have to baby-sit because you
  promised your neighbor.
• Your opportunity cost is not going to the party!

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Economic Interdependence

• Economic refers to money
• Dependence refers to needing something from
  someone else.
• Inter means between 2 people or groups.

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Economic Interdependence

• The U.S. buys many cars from Japan.
• Japan does not agree with some decisions the U.S.
  has made.
• They decide to increase the price of the import
  (cars).
• They decide to sell less cars to the U.S.

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Economic Interdependence (continued)

• The economic interdependence is the sale of the
  cars with the new conditions
• We need them to get the cars.
• They enjoy having our money but they are able to
  call the shots.
• We are dependent on them even if we dont like
  the new price.

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Geography
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Unlimited Wants andLimited Resources

• You desire to have many things in life.
• Your resources are limited.
• You buy only what you can afford.

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Physical Characteristics
Location Land Water Features Climate Vegetation Resources
Kansas Central Plains Crops livestock Kansas River Hot summer Cold winters grass Wheat, corn, soybeans
Southeast Georgia, Mississippi, Florida Crops livestock Hot, wet summers Mild, damp winters Mixed trees
Northeast New York, Vermont, New Jersey, Maine Forest Cool, wet summers Cold, snowy winters Mixed trees
Plains Kansas, Oklahoma, Nebraska, Iowa Crops, ranching Hot summer Cold winters Grass, mixed trees
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Physical Characteristics Cont.
Location Land Water features Climate Vegetation Resources
Rocky Mountains Forest, crops, ranching Needle leaf trees
Southwest Crops and ranching Hot, dry summers Mild, rainy winters Shrubs
Pacific Northwest Forest Needle leaf Mixed Trees
Alaska Little or no commercial activity Tundra Tundra
Hawaii Tropical Mixed
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Similarities

• The Kansas plains and Rocky Mountains both have..
• Land that is good for farming
• Land that grows crops well

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Human Characteristics that Shape the Regions

• Mining East coast
• Farming Midwest
• Manufacturing East coast
• Migration east to west
• Settlement Western U.S.
• Road RR building Northeast
• Many forests destroyed when cities were developed
  built.

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Climate / Settlement

• Areas that are colder have less people
• People desire warm climates
• Antarctica, Greenland and Arctic Circle have the
  coldest climates
• These places all have harsh conditions

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Earth

• Physical Features
• mountains, rivers, deserts
• Political Features
• countries, cities, capitols

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Distribution Patterns

• Desert Australia, Africa, North South America
• Mountain South America, Asia, North America
• Prairie Midwest
• Forest North America, Europe
• Wetland North America (Florida)
• Tundra Antarctica, Arctic Circle

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Mountain Ranges

• East coast
• Appalachian
• Mountains

• West coast
• Rocky Mountain

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Map Essentials

• Scale - what you use to measure distance
• Directional indicators N, S, E, W sometimes
  called the compass rose
• Symbols - shows specific info. on map
• (river, lake, canal, waterfall, dam, wetland, ice
  cap, mountain, highway, city)
• Legend also called the key
• Latitude lines marking direction north and
  south of the equator
• Longitude lines marking direction east and west
  of the Prime Meridian

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What is a wetland?

• Land that is very moist
• Often covered with water
• Florida Everglades are wetlands

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U.S. History
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President

• George Washington was the first president of the
  United States

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American Revolution

• Causes
• Taxation without representation
• Stamp Act
• Colonial Grievances
• No voice in Britain.
• British were making decisions for them.
• They had no representation in England
• British Policies
• Left colonists alone for a long time.
• After French-Indian War they needed dept paid.
• They began taxing everything they could.

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Stamp Act

• The Stamp Act was passed by the British
  Parliament in1765.
• The new tax was imposed on all American colonists
  and required them to pay a tax on every piece of
  printed paper they used.

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Stamp Act

• Ship's papers, legal documents, licenses,
  newspapers, other publications, and even playing
  cards were taxed.
• The money collected by the Stamp Act was to be
  used to help pay the costs of defending and
  protecting the American frontier near the
  Appalachian Mountains (10,000 troops were to be
  stationed on the American frontier for this
  purpose).

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Declaration of Independence

• 13 colonies declared themselves
• free from Britain
• It was also a formal declaration (statement) of
  war against England.

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Declaration of Independence

• Individual person is the focus.
• People are created equal from
• the beginning
• People are born with certain rights
• Government gets its power from the elected, who
  get power from the people

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Revolutionary War

• The U.S. went to war with England.
• They won the war.
• Their achieved independence from England or the
  British with this victory!

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Articles of the Confederation

• Weaknesses
• Loose confederation of states
• The national government didnt have authority to
  act directly on individuals and states.
• Enforcement of federal laws and treaties was left
  to the states.
• Unanimous consent of the states was required for
  amendment for Articles of Confederation.

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Articles of the Confederation

• Weaknesses continued
• Each state was given only 1 vote in Congress.
• Congress was not authorized to raise money by
  taxation.
• Congress couldnt regulate trade among states.
• No rules for federal courts when individuals
  broke federal laws.
• No federal executive, instead, all was were
  executed by committees of Congress.
• Federal government was not given sole power to
  coin money, states also kept that right.

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It just wasnt working!
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Why does this matter?

• First government of the new United States did not
  work so. The founding fathers decided to come
  up with something better.
• THE CONSTITUTION!

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Why this matters

• Today, many countries in the world are trying out
  new freedoms, voting for the first time and
  establishing new governments.
• Sometimes there are mistakes and changes have to
  be made.. Just like it was for us with the
  Articles of Confederation.

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Preamble

• Introductory part of the Constitution
• Tells the story of what the Founding Fathers set
  out to do when writing the constitution
• Human rights, dignity for each person
• Equal rights on man and woman
• Justice is important
• Want peace in own country
• Have a good military for security
• Wanted freedoms and liberty for the future.

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Founding Fathers

• The men who were key figures to the establishment
  of our country.
• Ben Franklin
• George Washington
• George Mason
• Thomas Jefferson
• James Madison

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World History
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Requirements of a Civilization

• Must have advanced levels of
• Economic system-- money, trade
• Political system must have leaders
• Religious system must worship
• Intellectual system language, writing
• Artistic system craftsmen, skilled workers

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Classical Greece

• Governments
• Sparta military government
• Power was obtained through force
• People were groomed for the military
• Athens free democracy
• Valued education
• Right to elect
• Loved nature

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Classical GreeceContributions of Greeks

• Gift of love and ideas
• Search for true knowledge
• Called Philosophy

• Trial by Jury
• Myths
• Democracy
• Sculpture
• Tragedy and Comedy
• Theater
• Olympics
• Epic Poetry

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Socrates

• Questioned Athenian rule
• Examined laws
• Examined social customs
• Examined religious values
• Motto Know thyself
• In jail for questioning The Great Athens
• Died in jail by drinking poison

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Aristotle

• Aristotle literally wrote about everything
  poetics, rhetoric, ethics, politics, meteorology,
  embryology, physics, mathematics, metaphysics,
  anatomy, physiology, logic, and dreams

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Plato

• Student of Socrates
• Was at his funeral
• He thought Socrates was the wisest Athenian
• He became a teacher
• Built the first university called Platos Academy
• Platos ideas came to the United States

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Classical Greece

• Alexander the Great
• City of Alexandria was located in Egypt
• It was named after Alexander

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Roman Republic

• Senate
• Consuls lawyers or counselors
• Tribunes
• Written Law
• Dictators - helped the citizens
• Distaste for Monarchy-wanted a democracy where
  they could have choices

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Medieval Europe/Middle Ages

• Feudalism
• A system of classes
• noble wealthy people
• manor land owned by noble
• peasant poor people
• lords - landowners
• serfs works the land,
• slave prison worker

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Magna Carta

• King John was unpopular king
• He abused his power
• He was cruel to his people
• Increased taxes
• Used military soldiers for his own good
• Magna Carta is a document
• Took power away from King
• Gave power to people
• Promised access to courts fair trial
• Got rid of unfair fines and punishments
• Gave power to Catholic Church not King

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• Christendom
• People started believing in Christianity
• They became monotheistic
• Main religion of almost all of Europe

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Christendom

• Christendom refers to community of Christians
• Got education through church In Middle Ages
• Poor people were allowed to rise above
  w/Christianity
• Religious workers were called clergy
• Pope ruled, bishops, priests, nuns, monks

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Medieval Europe /Rise of the town

• Towns were started by men who rented land to
  merchants.
• Towns were owned by the Lords.
• Usually were started around areas where people
  could easily meet (rivers)
• The merchants had goods they wanted to sell.
• .

• Merchants must get a license from the town council

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Medieval Europe /Rise of the town

• Charged taxes.
• Many people werent educations got ripped off
  with taxes
• There were shops, doctors, dentists
• They have gates to keep people out that are there
  to start trouble.
• They had a curfew.

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Medieval Towns

• Towns were very dirty.
• There was not sewage system.
• The goldsmith was the banker.
• Both needed to be well protected.
• The first University was started in a medieval
  town.
• The teachers would sell knowledge.
• Each town has its own laws and punishments.
• They had a church where many worshipped there.
• They also act out plays form the Bible.

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Middle Ages/Trading

• Peddlers were first salesmen
• Merchants didnt have to travel to sell
• Dealers became men who took goods to other
  locations to sell
• Complicated system of keeping track of stock and
  money made
• Contracts were developed
• Started using first coins

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Monasteries

• The Monks lived in the monasteries.
• They were the most literate of all members of
  society.
• After all, it was assumed that all monks could
  read and write.
• Monasteries also contained libraries and
  scriptoria, or writing rooms, in which
  manuscripts were copied.
• These manuscripts were often decorated or
  illuminated. But why did monks spend so much time
  and energy illuminating manuscripts.
• Since their lives were dedicated to the Word and
  preserving the Word for others, what better way
  to demonstrate the Word than by giving it the
  lavish attention it deserved?

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Technology Advances

• Mayan- Calendar, bridges, astronomers
• Aztec sundial, pyramids, astronomers
• Inca aqueducts, terracing, mathematics

They all are well-known for their large, planned
cities
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Resources

• Primary Resources
• Artifacts and document sby person who was really
  there.

• Secondary Resources
• Documents by someone who is researching
  information.
• Might be a friend or family member of the person
  being researched.
• Second-hand information