Geographical

1
Geographical Fieldwork Different approaches
????
2
Curriculum Objectives ????

• ????????????????? ,??????????? ???????????????????
  ????????,?????????????????????????????????????????
  ????
• 1.?????????????????
• 2.????????????????
• 3.?????????????????
• 4.?????????????????

3
Course Contents ????

• ?? ?????? ?? ??????
• 1 ?? 10 ????(?)
• 2 ?????????? 11 ????????
• 3 ?????????? 12 ??????(?)
• 4 ??????? 13 ??????(?)
• 5 ??????? 14 ??????(?)
• 6 ??????
• 7 ??????
• 8 ??????
• 9 ????(?)

4
Reference Books ????

• 1.???(1994)?????????????????????21173-208
• 2.???(2000)????????????????????,
• 78??
• 3.???(2003)?????????????2003???????,44??
• 4.J.Boyce and J.Ferrett.(1984) Fieldwork in
  Geography. Cambridge.
• 5.M.H.Matthews (1986) Fieldwork Exercises in
  Human and Physical Geography . Edward Arnold.
• 6.J. Frew (1993) Geography Fieldwork. Nelson.
• 7.D.Job (1999) New Directions in Geographical
  Fieldwork. Cambridge.
• 8.D. Holmes et al.(2003) Fieldwork Investigation.
  Hodder Stoughton.
• 9.D. Holmes et al.(2000) A-Z Advancing
  GeographyFieldwork

5
Fieldwork in Geography ????

• Outdoor Studies knowledge-based
• Outdoor Pursuits skill-based
• Outdoor Experiences affection-based
• Discover, Reflect and Experience
• I hear, I forgot I see, I remember
• I try, I understand

6

• Objectives of Fieldwork ??
• 1. Acquire direct and practical experiences
• 2. Expand knowledge and vision
• 3. Enhance skill and ability
• 4. Increase learning interest
• 5. Cultivate foundation of scientific
  research
• 6. Stimulate environmental observation
• 7. Build up comprehensive understanding
• 8. Accomplish affective achievement
• 9. Promote mental and physical health
• 10. Strengthen mutual relationship
• ?????????

7

• Principles of Fieldwork ??
• Should be undertaken at each phase as part of
  enquiry based learning
• Could be residential or one day visits
• No minimum requirement stated
• Could be local or based within the school
  grounds
• Can be the basis of an individual investigation
  at University
• Entrance Examination
• Can be a techniques course
• Can underpin the content, and supply case study
  materials

8
Dale Experience Cone ???

Actual participation
Active, Effective, Multiple, Concrete, and
Dynamic Learning
Observed experiences
Model experiences
A -V experiences
A -V learning
Passive, Invalid, Limited, Abstract, and Static
Learning
Symbol learning
9
Use of Fieldwork by Taiwan High School Teachers

• 1. Never use 30.3
• 2. Occasionally use 66.4
• 3. Often use 3.3
• 4. Use with difficulty 49.4
• 5. Use with some difficulty 48.3
• 6. Use with no difficulty 2.3

10
Fieldwork Approaches
11
Basic geographical skills ????

• Asking geographical questions ????
• Acquiring geographical information ????
• Organizing geographical data ????
• Analyzing geographical information ????
• Answering geographical questions ???? ?
• prediction??, evaluation??, decision
  making??,
• design??, planning ??

12
?????????

• 1.???????2.?????????
• 3.????
• 4.????

13
???????

• ??
• 1.???? 2.????
• 3.?????? 4.???
• 5.???
• ????
• 1.???? 2.???
• 3.????? 4.???????
• 5.??????

14
???????

• ????????????????
• ???????????????
• ?????
• ?????????

15
??????????

• ?????????
• ?????????
• ??????
• 1.?? 2.??
• 3.???? 4.????
• 5.???? 6.??????
• 7.?????

16
??????

• ?????????
• ??????????????,
• ??????
• ?????
• 1.???????????
• 2.???????
• 3.????

17
????? ????
18
(No Transcript)
19
(No Transcript)
20
(No Transcript)
21
??????

• ????????????????
• ????

? ? ???????? ????????
???? ? ? ? ? ? ?
???? ? ? ? ?
???? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

22
??????? Design of Fieldwork

1. Why ??
2. What ??
3. Who ??
4. When ??
5. Where ??
6. Which ??
7. How ?????

23
?????????

• ????
• ?????
• ??????
• ????????

24
???? Questionnaire design

• ????
• 1.?????????????
• 2.??????????
• ????????????????
• ????
• 1.????
• 2.??????
• 3.????
• 4.??
• ???????

25
???????
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??????? ?????????
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ????? ????? ???????????????????
? ? ? ? ???? ???? ????
? ? ? ? ????? ?????? ??????
? ? ? ? ???????? ??????????
? ? ? ? ????????? ?????? ??????????
26
?????????

• ????????
• ??????
• ???????
• ????
• ??
• ?????????

27
???????

• ???????
• ????
• 1.???? 2.??????
• 3.???????????
• 4.?????????
• 5.?????????????
• 6.????????
• ?????
• 1.????
• 2.????????????
• 3.??????????

28
????????

• ??
• 1.??????????????
• 2.????
• ??
• 1.????????????
• ???????,????
• ??,????????
• 2.????

29
???????

• ????
• 1.?? 2.????
• 3.???? 4.????
• 5.??
• a.?????????????
• b.????????,????
• c.?????????,?????
• ???

30
Tuning into Place
Acclimitisation
aesthetic
Our future rests on our ability to understand our
planet Earth and its environment, as well as to
care, to respect, and to act.
experiential
affective
spiritual
31
Planning Issues
F undingI CT? E qual opportunities L
egislation? D esign? W here? When? O
rganisations? R isk assessment? K inaesthetic
learning, etc.
32
Risk Assessment

• Degree of Risk (ie, what could happen )
• Probability of happening (ie, how likely is it)
• Consider the risks
• Consider the severity
• Make judgement
• Acceptable risk (teacher behavior)
• Dont do it
• Change it