Principles of Landscaping

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Principles of Landscaping
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Landscaping

• The use of plants and inanimate materials to
  enhance the utility (function) and beauty
  (aesthetics) of an outdoor area

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Value of landscaping

• Manipulate environmental conditions
• Shade, light wind
• Increased property value
• Exercise, therapeutic
• More satisfying living experience
• Increased privacy
• Refuge for animal life
• Control vehicular and pedestrian traffic
• Hide unattractive areas
• Reduce noise

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Cost of landscaping

• Cost
• Quality of plants, materials
• Procurement installation
• Age/size of plants
• Recurrent costs
• Water, chemicals, mulch
• Time
• Maintenance
• Water, fertilizer, pest control, controlling
  plant growth

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Landscape design

• Surfaces lawns, patios, terraces
• Paths materials (lawn, ground cover, stone,
  etc.)
• Level changes steps, slopes, retaining walls
• Boundaries walls, fences, hedges
• Structures garden buildings, pergolas, arches

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Landscape design

• Ornamental plants
• Trees, shrubs, climbing plants, ground covers,
  herbaceous plants (annuals perennials)
• Specimens

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Landscape design

• Garden features
• Kitchen garden, herb garden
• Water features (pond, flowing water, fountain)
• Ornaments pots

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Garden styles

• Formal (clipped hedges, topiary, Oriental, still
  water, statuary)

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Garden styles

• Informal (Cottage)

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Garden styles

• Informal (woodland)

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Garden styles

• Themes (color, shape, repetition)

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Garden styles

• Modern (contemporary)

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Landscape design

• Site
• Needs
• Landscape principles
• Plants
• Materials/objects

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Site analysis

• soil texture quality, drainage
• utility of existing plants
• location of underground and above ground
  utilities
• good and bad views
• focal points of interest
• negative features of buildings and landscape
• window locations
• aspects of climate (sun rise/set, sun/shade
  patterns, wind directions)

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Site analysis - views
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Needs Analysis
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W
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Elements of design

• Features of plants that create moods
• Color
• Texture
• Form
• Line

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Elements of design color
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Color principles

• Colors influenced by light intensity
• Background color important for effect of
  foreground plants
• Reds, yellows advance
• Blues, greens - recede

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Elements of design texture

• Leaves
• Branches
• Mulch

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Elements of design - form

• The 3-D shape of the plant canopy

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Plant forms
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Plant forms
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Elements of design line

• Line is a boundary element
• Shape structure are defined by line

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Line

• Curved lines vs. straight lines

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Principles of design

• Simplicity
• Balance
• Focalization of interest
• Rhythm line
• Scale or proportion

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Principle of simplicity
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Principle of balance
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Balance
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Balance
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Balance
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Focalization of interest
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Rhythm line
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Rhythm line
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Scale/proportion
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Scale/proportion
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Scale/proportion
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Scale/proportion
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Landscape plan
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Design in stages
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Public area
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Public area

• Driveway
• Shape, paving materials

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Public area

• Planting beds
• Trees form the backbone
• Placement of new trees is critical
• Keep large trees away from house (scale)

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Public area

• Foundation plantings
• Corner plantings
• Line plantings

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Planting bed guidelines

• Edging materials
• Plastic, timbers, stone
• Mulch or groundcover
• Large, curved beds more attractive than small,
  angled beds
• Mass shrubs of same species, use only a few
  species
• Avoid lawn ornaments

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Private area

• Shade
• Where when?
• Dense shade trees vs. light shade trees

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Private area

• Privacy
• Fences vs. plants

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Private area

• Deck/patio
• Materials, maintenance, cost
• Timing of sun/shade

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Service area

• Screening
• Vegetable garden
• Cut flower garden

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Online landscape design resources

• http//aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/extension/homel
  andscape/home.html
• http//www.oznet.ksu.edu/library/hort2/samplers/S4
  .asp

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Selecting plants for the landscape

• Evergreen vs. deciduous
• Categories vines, groundcovers, shrubs, trees
• Size small, medium, large
• Plant adaptability
• Temperature, sun, soil
• Maintenance requirements
• Pruning, fertilization, pest control
• NCSU Plant fact sheets

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Acquiring plants

• Home propagation
• Cuttings, seed
• Transplant from wild
• Deciduous should be dormant
• Evergreen during new growth
• Mail order
• Large selection, cheap
• Shipped bare-root
• Grown in field, dug up when dormant
• Shipped in moist wood shavings, wrapped in
  plastic
• Increased risk of plant death (minimal root
  system)
• Should plant ASAP
• Use Garden Watchdog to preview vendors

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Acquiring landscape plants

• Nurseries, etc.
• Bare-root
• Balled burlapped plants
• Dug and wrapped
• Limited soil base
• Container grown plants
• Propagated grown in a pot
• Minimal root damage
• May be root bound

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Shopping branches
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Shopping branches
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Shopping - crotches
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Crotch damage
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Shopping - Trunk taper
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Shopping roots
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Shopping balled burlapped roots
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Planting landscape plants

• Fall in the South (Spring ok)
• Digging the hole
• 12 Wider than root ball
• 6 Deeper than root ball
• Amend Backfill
• Fertilize in moderation

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Planting depth soil types
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Slicing the root ball
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Planting balled burlapped trees
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Planting bare-root plants
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Berm for irrigation
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Irrigation of new plants

• Weekly soakings for the first year
• Mulch for water retention

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Mulching
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Tree support staking guying
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Guying
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Staking damage
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Tree root growth
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Root deflectors
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Landscaping related careers

• Landscape architect
• Landscape contractor
• Landscape maintenance
• Nursery production