Ch.1

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Ch.1

• Genetics Introduction

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Key Words

• ??? (Genetics)
• ??? ???? (Mendels Law)
• ??? ???? (Chromosomal Theory)
• ??? ?? (Linkage Crossing over)
• ????? (Genetic map)
• ???? (Mutation) ? ??? (Diversity)
• ???? ???? ?? (one gene one enzyme hypothesis)
• ????? (Molecular Genetics)

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Nano Technology (NT) in Bio Technology (BT)
Enzyme inhibitor Receptor/Ligand Nucleic Acids
Gene Therapy Vaccine Delivery system
DNA (2-30 nm) Protein Lipid Polysaccharide
Adenovirus (100 nm)
Atoms
Organelles
Molecules
Cells
2 nm
2 mm
20 mm
0.2 nm
20 nm
200 nm
0.2 mm
Light Microscope
Eye
EM
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???? ??
????? (Molecular Genetics)
DNA? ??, ??, ??
???? ??? ??
????? ??
??? ??(??, ??)
DNA ???, ????
??? ?? ??, ????, ??, ???? ????
?????(Population Genetics)
?? ???
??-???? ??
??? ??
??
? ??
?????
????? (Transmission Genetics)
??? ????
??? ??? ????
? ??? ??
???? ??? ??
??? ??
?????(??? ??)
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Model Genetic Organism
E. coli
S. cerevisiae
C. elegance
D. melanogaster
Arabidopsis thaliana
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Model Genetic Organism
M. musculus
kit ???? ??
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?? ???? ??
1900? ??

• ?? ???? ?? (1665)
• ???? ??? ???, ? (1858)
• ??? ????(1859)
• ??? ?? ??(1866)
• ???? ?? (1888)
• ?? ???? ? ??? ?? ??

1900 1944

• ????? ???(1900)
• ??? ??
• ???? ??? ?
• ??? ?? ??
• ???? ??

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Transmission genetics

• ??? ???? (1865)
• ??? ?? (principle of independent segregation)
• ??? ?? (principle of independent assortment)
• ??? (gene)
• ?? ??? (allele)
• ??(dorminent) vs. ?? (recessive)
• ???? (locus)
• ??? (diploid) vs. ??? (haploid)
• ??? (gamete) vs. ??? (zygote)
• ???? (genotype) vs. ??? (phenotype)
• - ????? (homozygote) vs. ????? (heterozygote)

Gregor Mendel
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Diploid Allele
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????
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??? ??
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?????? ??(????)
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??? ??
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Chromosome theory of inheritance

• Morgan ? ??? ?? (1910)
• ??? ??? (genetic linkage)
• ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????.
• ? ?? ?? (sex-linked inheritance)
• ??? ??? (recombination)
• ??? ???? ??
• ????? ????? ???
• ?? (crossing over)? ???

Thomas H. Morgan
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Recombination Genetic map

• ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ? ??
• map unit 1 centi-morgan 1 ??? ????? ? ??
  ??? ??

• ??? (wild-type, standard-type) vs. ?????
  (mutant)
• ?? ?? (miniature, m) ? ??? (white, w) ????
  ????

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???? ??? ??
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Mutation Diversity
Sickle cell disease
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• ???? ???? ???? (one gene/one enzyme hypothesis)
• ??? ?? ???(mutant)? ??? ?? ???? ???.
• ??? ???? ??? ??? ????
• ???? ??, ??? ???? ??? ????? ???.

Beadle Tatum
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??? ?? ?? ??
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Control of Metabolism
Cellulomics
Systems biology (???,??pathway) Physiome (??,
?????) Metablome (????,????, ???
metabolite)
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(No Transcript)
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Molecular Genetics

• DNA? ??
• ???? ???? ??? ??? (1869)
• DNA? ??? ?? ??
• ???? ???? DNA or Protein ?
• F. Griffith ????? ??? ? ??? ?? (1928)
• (?? ???? ????)
• O. Avery DNA? ???? ?????? ?? (1944)
• - ???? ??? ???, ????? DNA ??
• - ???? ???? ??
• - ??? ?? RNA ????? ??? ??
  ??
• - DNA ????? ?? ??? ???

Oswald Avery
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Lederberg (1946)

• ???? ??? ???
• ????(transduction) ??
• 1958 ????? ??

Joshua Lederberg
Conjugation
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Activities of Genes

• DNA ???? (double helix) 1953
• ??? ??? (Chargaff)
• ? ??? ?? (semiconservative replication)
• ??? ?? (gene expression)
• Central dogma (Crick)
• Transcription Translation
• ???? ??
• ????? ??, ???? ?? ?? ??, ???

Watson Crick
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???? ???? (???)

• T.H. Morgan (1910) ???? ?? ???? ??, 1933?
• H.J. Muller (1927) x-ray? ??? ???? ??, 1946?
• B. McClintock (1931) ??, ????? ??,1983?
• G. Beadle E.L. Tatum (1941) ??? ???? ??? ??,
  1958?
• One-gene one enzyme theory
• J. Watson, F. Crick M. Wilkins (1953) DNA ??
  ??, 1962?
• A. Kornberg (1955) DNA ???? ??, 1959?
• S. Ochoa (1955) RNA ???? ??, 1959?
• H.Temin (1960) "RNA virus? central dogma? ?? ??
  ?? ??"
• H.Temin D. Baltimore (1970) Reverse
  transcriptase ??, 1975?
• F. Jacob, J. Monod (1961) mRNA ??, ???, 1965?
• "??? gene?? ?? genetic information? ???? ?? ???
  ????? ???? ???? ??? ???
• M. Nirenberg G. Khorana (1966) ???? (genetic
  code)? ??, 1968?

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• W. Arber (1959) H. Smith (1970) ???? ??,
  1978?
• P. Berg (1972) ??? DNA, 1980?
• DNA??? ??? ??? ? ???? Asilomar Meeting (1975)
• J.M. Bishop H.E. Varmus (1976) ?? ?????,
  1989?
• F. Sanger W. Gilbert (1977) DNA Sequencing?
  ??, 1980?
• fx174 ????? ?? ???? ??
• P. Sharp R. Roberts (1977) RNA ???? ??, 1993?
• E.B. Lewis, C. Nusslein-Volhard E. Wieschaus
  (1978) ??? ??? ??? ??, 1995?
• S.B. Prusiner (1982) ??? ???? ??, 1997?
• K. Mullis (1985) ???? ????? (Polymerase Chain
  Reaction, PCR) ??, 1993?
• S. Tonegawa (1986) ?? ???? ???, 1987?
• M.R. Capecchi, M. Evans, O. Smithies (1989)
  ??? ???, 2007?