(Reproductive Failure)

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?????????????????????????? (Reproductive Failure)

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• ?????????????????? ????????? ??????????? 8 ?????
• ????????????????? 2 ?? 2 ???????
  ??????????????????? 12 25 ???
• ????????????????? 3 ?? ?????? ???????????????????
  20 30 ???
• ??????????????????? 282 /- 8 ??? (274 290 ???)
• ??????????????????? 21 ???
• ??????????? ?????? 200 ???
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  (?????????? 60 ??????????? ??????????? 40
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• ?????????????? 3 ?? ?????? ??????????????????? 20
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• ??????????????????? 282 /- 8 ??? (274 290 ???)
• ??????????????????? 21 ???
• ??????????? ???????????????????????? (Colostrums
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  ??????????????????????????????????? 12 16
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???????????????????????????????? (Measures of
reproductive efficiency)

• ??????????????????????(First calf age,month)
• ???????????????? (Days open, day)
• ???????????????????????????????? (First-service
  conception rate,)
• ????????????????????????? (Calving interval, day)
• ????????????????/??????????? (Service per
  conception)
• ???????????????? (Pregnancy rate, )
• ??????????????? (Calving rate, )
• ????????? (Net calf crop, )

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??????????????????????????????????? (Causes of
Reproductive Failure)
??????????????????????? 1.?????????????????????
???? ????????????????????????? (????????????????/
??????????)?????????????????????????????????
(Testicular hypoplasia or ovarian hypoplasia)
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????????????????? ???? ?????????????????????????
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??????????????????? ????????????????????????????
????????? ???????????????? (cystic ovary)
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??????????????
Triploid Tetraploid
???????????????????????? (Intersexuality)
True hermaphrodite female pseudohermaphrodite male
pseudohemaphrodite Freemartin
????????????????? True hermaphrodite ??????
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Abortion ????????????????/ ????
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Freemartin
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??????????????????
1.??????? ???????????????????? ????????? ????
????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????????
????????????????? ???????????????????????
??????????????? ?????????????
????????????????
2. ?????? ???????????????????
???????????? ???????????? ?????????????????????
?? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????
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3. ???????
????????????? A ????????????????????????????
?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????????? ??????
??????
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????????????? D ????????????????????????????????
??????? ??????????????????????????????????????????
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???? ????????
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????????????? E ??????????????????????
(reabsorption) ??????????????????
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?????????????? ????????????????????????
?????????????????
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????????????? ?????????????? ???????????????
??????
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???????????????????????? ???????????????????????
??????????? ????????????? ?????????????????
??????? ????????????????????????????????
(detoxification)
?????????????? ???? ??????????????????????? ????
fumonisin , zearalinone ????????????????????????
???????? ??????????????????????????????? ?????????
?????????? (Phytoestrogen) ??????????? ???????????
??????????????????????? spermatogenesis ??????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????
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?????????????????
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????????????? ??????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???? ?????? ??????????????????????????????????????
?????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????
??????????? (Flushing)
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ??????????????? ?? ?????? ??????????????????????
???????? ???????????? ????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
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????????????????????????
?????????? (stress) ?????????????????????????????
??????? ??????????????????????????????????????????
? ?????????????????????????????????? ????
??????????? ???? ???????????????????????
????????????????? ??????????????
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????????????????????? ??????????????
1. ?????????????????? 2.??????????????????????????
????????????? 3.?????????????????????????
????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???
????????????????????????????????????????
??????? ???????????????????????????? ACTH
?????????????????? ???? ??????????????????????????
? cortisol ??? glucocorticoids ?????
???????????? LH ??????????? ?????????????????????
???????????????????????????????? ????????
??????????????????????????????
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???????????????????????????????? ??????
1. ?????? 2.????????????????????????
??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????
??????????? 3.??????????????????????
??????????????????????????? 4.????????????????????
???? 4.1 ????? ???????????????
????????????????? 4.2 ???????(spray) ?????? 4.3
????????????????????? (evaporative
cooler) 5.????????????????? ???? ???????
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• ??????????????????????
• ??????????????????
• ?????????????????????

????????
???????????????????????????
1. Vibriosis (Bovine venerael campylobacteriosis
0r BVC)
-Cause of Infertility and abortion -Caused by the
bacterium Campylobacterfetus -can be infected for
a long time without showing any signs of illness
-Prevention by vaccination
venerael ???????????????????
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2. Leptospirosis can affect humans
-Cause of Infertility and abortion -Caused by the
bacterium Leptospires in mammals -signs of
illness like the flu,vomiting,diarrhea, refusal
to eat, weakness but infection in the kidney,
liver, brain,lung and heart -infected by
contact with urine or other body fluids except
saliva -the bacteria can enter the body through
skin or mucous membrane (eyes,nose,mouth) -Preven
tion by vaccination
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3. Brucellosis can affect humans
-Cause of abortion -Caused by the bacterium
Brucella abortus in mammals -signs of illness
like the flu, headaches, back pains ,weakness
(chronic symptoms that recurrent fever, joint
pain and fatigue) -infected by eating or drinking
something that is contaminated with Brucella ,
breathing (Inhalation) or through skin wounds. -
vaccination for calf age 3 - 8 months and
culling-destroy infected animals -NO vaccine for
human
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??????????????????
1. Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD)
-Cause of abortion and abnormal fetus
(teratogenicity) -Sign of illness anorexia and
dirrhaea -Infection by contact disease and
environmental involve fluid from infected
animals -Prevention by vaccination
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Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR-IPV virus)
-Cause of abortion and reduced fertility -Sign
of illness anorexia and dirrhaea -Infection by
contact disease and environmental involve fluid
from infected animals -Prevention by vaccination
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?????????????????????
1. Trichomoniasis venereal disease
-Cause of reduced conception rates, lowered
weaning weight -Caused by the protozoa
Trichomonas fetus in cattle -lives on the tissue
lining of the penis and prepuce -Infection in the
cow occurs primarily by exposure to an
infected bull at breeding and contaminated
insemination equipment -prevention and control by
sampling method in the bull
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2. Toxoplasmosis can affect humans
-Cause of abortion -Caused by the protozoa
Toxoplasma gondii in mammals -the organisms
multiply in the wall of intestine and produce
oocysts, within 5 days the oocysts may sporulate
become infectious to other animals and
human -Two drugs can often used sulfadiazine
pyrimethamine