Colonization of Georgia

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Unit 2

• Colonization of Georgia

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Background (Do not write)

• British had claimed the land in GA in 1663.
• In 1717, Britain finally makes plans to settle
  GA.
• Sir Robert Montgomery wanted to create a paradise
  colony called Margravate of Azilia, which would
  grow several crops (coffee, tea, currants,
  olives, rice, almonds, and silk).
• Montgomery planned to give land gold, silver, and
  other precious stones to those who moved to this
  paradise.
• Montgomerys plans, as well as other plans, to
  settle GA were not successful.
• In the late 1720s, James Oglethorpe began to talk
  about a colony for the working poor.

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James Edward Oglethorpe

• Born in London in 1696.
• Came from an educated and wealthy family.
• In 1722, he became a member of Parliaments House
  of Commons.
• Studied prison reform.
• Wanted to help people
• worked to improve prison conditions and let
  thousands go free.
• Worked on a plan with 19 other people that
  promised a fresh start for the unfortunate but
  worthy individuals.

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Oglethorpe
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The Dream Becomes Reality

• In 1730, Oglethorpe and 21 men asked King George
  II for land southwest of Carolina for settling
  poor persons of London.
• British colonies had two main reasons
• 1. to have a balanced trading policy.
• 2. protect/defend against the French, Spanish,
  and Native Americans.

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The Dream (cont.)

• Oglethorpes group proposes that
• They will defend against the Spanish (in Florida)
  and the French (in the west).
• Would trade goods with the Native Americans for
  profit.
• Would produce silk, cotton dyes, and wine.
• Would offer religious freedom.

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The Charter of 1732

• On June 7, 1732 King George II granted a charter
  to Oglethorpe.
• The charter made Oglethorpes group of 21 men
  trustees in order to manage GA for 21 years.
• Trustees people who hold responsibility on
  behalf of others.
• Charter a legal document that grants special
  rights and privileges.

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The Charter of 1732 (cont.)
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The Charter of 1732

• Rules of the charter
• Trustees could not own land, hold political
  office, receive money for work, or pass laws
  unless the king agreed.
• Trustees worked around some of the rules by
  having a governor and by using regulations.
• Regulations government orders, instead of laws.
• Papists (Catholics), Blacks, liquor dealers, and
  lawyers could not become colonists.

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Paragraph Essay

• Describe James Oglethorpes reason for
  establishing a new colony. Discuss the
  conditions of the Charter of 1732.

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Tomochichi

• Chief of the Yamacraw Indians.
• Important role in creating peace between
  Europeans and Native Americans.
• Helped Native Americans peacefully negotiate.
• Became good friends with Oglethorpe.
• Died in 1739.

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Tomochichi
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Mary Musgrove

• Daughter of an English trader and a Creek Indian.
• Helped maintain peace between Native Americans
  and GA colonists (British).
• Was an interpreter for Oglethorpe.

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Savannah

• Savannah, GA was founded in 1733.
• The last British colonial capital in America.
• Designed by Oglethorpe.
• Built using connected neighborhoods and squares.
• Each neighborhood, square, ward, and garden lot
  was of equal size and arranged in repeating
  patterns.
• Commons (public lands owned by the city)
  surrounded Savannah.

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Savannah
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Savannah
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The Trustee Period

• The colonists accepted James Oglethorpe as their
  leader.
• He got grants of land
• Signed treaties with the Native Americans
• Built a fort
• Formed a militia (citizen army).
• Most of the colonists were artisans (craftsmen)
  and not used to the hard physical demands of
  establishing the colony.

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The Salzburgers

• Arrived in GA in 1734.
• Brought by Captain George Dunbar.
• Were banished from Salzburg because they were
  Protestant.
• King George II decided to support the Salzburgers
  and offered an invitation to GA.
• Est. the town of Ebenezer The Rock of Help.
• In 1736, they move the town and est. New Ebenezer.

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The Salzburgers
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The Moravians

• Arrive in GA in 1735.
• Protestant missionaries from Bohemia.
• Wanted to unite Christians and convert
  non-Christians.
• Their community was unsuccessful.

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The Malcontents

• Highland Scots also brought to GA by George
  Dunbar.
• Founded Darien in 1736.
• Trustees did not aid the Malcontents due to their
  wealth.
• Paid for their own voyage
• Wanted to purchase more land
• Wanted to enslave people
• Resented the British trustees rules and
  regulations

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Discontent and War

• Colonists began to resist Oglethorpes new
  regulations
• Buying rum was against the law
• Alcohol could not be used in trade with the
  Native Americans
• Trade with Native Americans was to be watched
  carefully
• Slavery was not allowed.

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Answer the Following Questions

• 1. (p.120) Where or who did Oglethorpe get the
  design for the city of Savannah from?
• 2. (p.121) Describe the medical problems that
  the new colonists faced.
• 3. (p.121-122) Who were the Salzburgers and what
  did they accomplish?
• 4. (p.122-123) Briefly describe Oglethorpes and
  Tomochichis visit to Britain. How were they
  received? What was the result of the visit?
• 5. (p. 124) What were Oglethorpes beliefs
  towards slavery? How did the issue of slavery
  lead to discontent among the colonists?

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The Spanish Threat

• Britain builds Fort Frederica to protect the
  colony.
• British colonists are unsuccessful in attacking
  St. Augustine (The War of Jenkinss Ear 1740).
• The Spanish finally forced to retreat after the
  Battle of Bloody Marsh (1742).

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Spanish Threat/Invasion Questions

• 1. (p. 124) Who served in Oglethorpes army of
  two thousand men?
• 2. (p. 125) State the significance of the Battle
  of Bloody Marsh.

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The End of the Trustee Colony

• Oglethorpe remained on the board of trustees
  until 1750.
• In 1752, the British Government did not renew
  funding for the colony.
• Trustees turned over power to the British Crown
• GA became a royal colony

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A Last Look at the Trustee/Charter Colony

• Read page 128 together.

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Royal Georgia

• The Trustee period was officially over in 1752.
• However, GA did not get its first governor (John
  Reynolds) until 1754.
• The Crown of England now oversaw the control of
  GA.
• GA does very well as a royal colony (exports
  rice, indigo, deerskins, lumber, beef, and pork).

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Royal Colony Questions

• 1. (p. 142) What is the difference between a
  proprietary colony and a royal colony?
• 2. (p. 142) How was Governor Reynolds idea of
  governing different than the trustees? Want did
  the trustees not allow the colonists to do?
• 3. (p. 142) Describe the new government of GA.

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Land Grants

• Settlers who came to the colony by way of the
  Trusts charity were limited to 50 acres of land.
• People who paid their way could have up to 500
  acres.
• They had to have at least one family member or
  one servant for every 50 acres (rule helped
  ensure that enough men were available to defend
  the colony).
• Only men could own land
• Settlers began to protest because they wanted
  their wives or daughters to be able to inherit
  their land.

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Warm-up 7

• What is the difference between a proprietary
  colony and a royal colony?

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Slavery

• During the Trustee period, Georgias laws
  prohibited slavery.
• In 1750, the slavery ban was lifted.
• After the slave ban was lifted, life changed in
  the colony.
• Slavery changed the economy of the region,
  plantations grew larger as thousands of slaves
  were brought to GA.
• Between 1750 and 1775, the number of African
  slaves in GA increased from 500 to 18,000.

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Slavery (cont.)

• African slaves had no rights.
• Slaves
• Could not marry
• Could not live where they wanted
• Could not learn to read
• Lived and worked in harsh conditions
• Punishment included whippings, beatings,
  separation from friends and families, and death.

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Slavery
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Slavery
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Slavery
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Slavery
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Transportation Ships
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The Middle Passage
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The Middle Passage
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Restraint and Punishment
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Punishment
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Punishment