???????

1
???????????????
2005?10?18? ?????????? (40?) 430-510

• ????
• ????????????

2
???????

• ???????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????
• ????
• ???????(Numerical Astrophysics)??
• ?????
• ??????
• ??????(?????????????????)
• (????????????)

3
????

• 19?? ??????????
• ?
• 20???? ??????
• ? ???X?????
• 20???? ??????
• ????????!

4
??????

• ?? ???gt????(??)
• ?? ????(??)gt??
• ? (?????) ?????
• gt????
• (???) ?????
• gt???????
• ????

5
????????

• 1960??? ?????
• ???????
• ?????(QSO??)
• ????
• ????????
• gt?????
• ??????(????)
• ???????
• ????? ????????

????? (3C273)
6
????(???A)(??5??????30???)
7
??????????(????1946?6?4?)
8
?????/????(???????Ha)
9
??????

• ????????????(???????)??????????????!
• ?????????????????
• ???????????(???)?????????????????????????MHD????
  ???????(????)

10
?????????????!????????(Earth Simulator)
http//www.hoise.com/primeur/02/articles/weekly/AE
-PR-05-02-59.html Japanese 'Computenik' Earth
Simulator shatters US supercomputer
hegemony Tokyo 20 April 2002 The Japanese Earth
Simulator is on-line and producing results that
alarm the USA, that considered itself as being
leading in supercomputing technology. With over
35 Tflop/s, it five times outperforms the Asci
White supercomputer that is leading the current
TOP500 list. No doubt that position is for the
Earth Simulator, not only for the next list, but
probably even for the coming two years. In the
New York Times, bench mark compiler Jack
Dongarra compares the event with the Sputnik,
hence he dubbed the Earth Simulator
"Computenik".
?????????????8Gflops ???????5120 ???????????64Gflo
ps ???????640 ???????????16GB ?????40Tflops ?????1
0TB
11
???????Numerical Astrophysicsor Computational
Astrophysics

• ??????????????????????????
• ??????????????

12
?????????????????

• ?????(???????????????????????????)????
• ??????????????????????????????gt??????

13
?????(???????)

• ???5? ??(?)???????(v)???(p)
• ???5? ???????????

????
?????
???????
???
14
????(MHD)???(???????)

• ???8? ??(?)???????(v)???(p)???????(B)
• ???8? ???????????

????
?????
???????
???
?????
15
?????????????????????

• ???????(???????)
• ???????
• ????????????????
• ??????????(?????)? ?????????
• ??????????????????
• ???????????????????

??????????????
16
???

• ??? ????????? ??????? ???
• ??? ????????????
• ????????MHD??????
• (?????????????
  ???????????)

17
????

• ??????(???1999??????? ??????)
• ??? ??(??? 2004??????)
• ????????????(??2002) ?????????????(??)
• ??????????????2002 ???? http//th.nao.ac.jp/sim2
  002/proceedings/list.htm
• ????????????????????????????

18
?????
19
?????
???????
Ha

• 19??????
• ???????gt?????????
• ???(1-10)?km
• ??????
• 1029 - 1032erg
• (??10??1??)

?? 1??
???????
20
????????????1991?11??12?

• ?X???????
• (1 keV)
• 200???
• ????

21
?????????????X?(1keV)
?????????
22
????????????
???
http//www-solar.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/eric/
??????????????????? ?????????????????
?????????
23
??????????MHD????????? (Yokoyama-Shibata 1998)
???? ?X???? ?????? ?????
24
?????? scaling law ???(Yokoyama and Shibata
1998, 2001)
25
???????????

• 1) ??????????????????
• 2) ????????????????????????????(e.g., Yokoyama
  and Shibata 1995)
• 3) ???????????????????????????????????????????(!
  )
• ?) scaling law (Yokoyama and Shibata 1998)
• (???????MHD????????
• ????????????)

26
?????????????(?????X?)

• ??????????
• ??????10?km
• ??10-
• 1000km/s

27
????????????????????????(????1995)
?????X???? ?????? ?????X?????
28
??3????????????????3?????????????
29
???????(CME)(SOHO/LASCO,???/????)
??10-1000km/s???10(15)-10(16)g
30
????????????????????(??? 2004)
31
Three-Part Structure
edge?
cavity
core
SOHO/LASCO
density t100
The numerical results reproduce the three-part
structure. .
32
??????
33
??????

• ???(10K)???????????????(???)???
• ??????????????????????(????10??)
• ???????1??
• (???????1-2???)
• ??????????????1????

34
??????(X?/????????1995)

• ??1??
• ????????????1????

35
??????(YLW15A)?X????????(???Tsuboi et al. 2000)
36
??????????(??????? 1996)
37
(No Transcript)
38
??????
39
??????

• ??????????????
• (1917)
• ????M87(????)????????
• ????????????

40
?????????(????M87)

• ???????????????????
• 1????????????10????????????????????????????

41
?????????????????!
42
????????????

• 1.??????????????
• gt????????????? ?????????????
• 2.????????gt?????
• 3.????????????(?????)
• ????? ??????????(?)?
• ???????????

43
???????????????????

• ?????????????????(????????)???
• (1995)

44
???????(HH1-2 ???1??)
(??????????????)
45
????(???A)(??5??????30???)
46
????????????
47
?????????(???)
????? ????? ???
???? ?????????? ?????????????? ???
????? ?? 100??? 10?? 1??
????? ?? c 0.3c - c 100km/s
???? c 0.3c - c 100km/s
48
???????????????????

• ??????????????
• ????????gt????
• ??????????????
• ??????????????????
• ??????????????

49
????????

• 1???????100???????????????????????????????????
  (gt??)
• ??????????????????
• ???????????????????
• ????????????????
• ????????!!

50
?????????????
???????(????)
???????????????????
??????
SOHO/ CDS
??? ?????/Ha
51
?????/???????????????

• ?????????????????(????????)
• ?????????????????
• ??????????(???)?????????
• ??????????????????????

52
?????????????????????
????? ???????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????
???(???)
???
??
????
Shibata Uchida (1990?1986)
?????????????
???
53
???????????
54
??????????????(???????? 2005)
55
??????????????(MHD????????)??? 2005
56
????????????CIP ?(????(?????)?1991????)????????
?????????????????????
57
?????????(???????)????!(Kudoh, Matsumoto,
Shibata 2002, PASJ)
Magnetorotational Instability (Balbus and Hawley
1991) leads to turbulence and reconnection
Similar to ADAF
58
????????????????????????????MHD????????(Koide,
Shibata, Kudoh 1998,1999,2000)
???
Maximum Lorentz factor 2gtreal limit ?
59
???

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????

60
????????

• ????20???????????????????????????10???????????????
  ??????
• ???????(??????????)

61
????????????(?????)????????????(2004)ApJ
?????????????? ???????????????????????? 0.2c
??????????
62
????/????

• 19?? ??????????
• ?
• 20???? ??????
• ? ???X?????
• 20???? ??????
• ????????!

? ??????????????
??????????
21???? ??????
63
Central engine of gamma ray bursts ?
Binary neutron star merger model
Collapsar model (??????)
magnetar model
64
(No Transcript)
65
?????????(Kerr hole) ???????????????????????

• Koide, Meier, Kudoh, Shibata (2000)

Koide et al. 2002 Science
66
Evidence of collimation (Kudoh et al. 2004, in
prep)
Small
Middle
Large
67
????(????)
68
????????????????????
69
??????(????)??????????????????
70
????????????????????????(????1995)
????? ?????? ??Ha????
71
??????????3??MHD???????? (Matsumoto et al. 1998)