Research Topics

1
Research Topics Initial Mapping PLM Focus
Areas ? GIT Activities
February 5, 2004

• PLM Center of Excellence
• http//www.marc.gatech.edu/plm/
• Georgia Institute of Technology
• Document Contacts
• Robert.Fulton_at_me.gatech.edu
• Chris.Paredis_at_me.gatech.edu
• Russell.Peak_at_marc.gatech.edu
• Steven.Danyluk_at_marc.gatech.edu

2
Sample GIT PLM-Related Activities
Composable Simulations
Design-Analysis Integration
Standards for Systems Engineering
Lean Principles
Strategic Design
MarketingStrategy
Virtual Factories
Robust Design Simulation
Aircraft Lifecycle Support
Product Family Design
Factory Information Systems
Collaborative Visualization Environments
Change Mgt. in Product Model Databases
Source IBM PLM definition slide at PDES Inc.
Board Mtg. 2003-11
Engineering Knowledge Representation
DesignRepositories
Collaborative Design Optimization
Design-Supply ChainProcess Integration
3
PLM Focus Areas Addressing Top Industry Pain
Points
Source IBM slides at PDES Inc. Board Mtg. 2003-11
4
Mapping PLM Focus Areas ? GIT Activities - p1
(and related faculty)

• Product Innovation Management
• Strategic design (Mistree)
• IPPD and PLM integration (Schrage, Hart)
• Marketing strategies over the product life-cycle
  (Malhotra)
• Component, Platform and Asset Commonality
• Product family design (Rosen, Mistree)
• Design repositories (Paredis, Eastman )
• Domain-oriented product access and management
  (Eastman)
• Lean principles (Schrage)
• Adoption and continued use of products and
  technologies (Malhotra)
• Extended Enterprise Product Change Management
• Course Interactive Computer Graphics and
  Computer-Aided Design (Fulton, Sitaraman, Dennis)
• Course Intro to PLM (Schrage, Hart)
• Engineering knowledge representation info.
  systems (Peak, Fulton)
• Change management in product model databases
  (Eastman)

5
Mapping PLM Focus Areas ? GIT Activities - p2

• Virtual Product Introduction
• Course Design and Engineering Database
  Management (Fulton, Eastman, Peak)
• Course Modeling and Simulation in Design
  (Paredis, Peak)
• Design-analysis integration (Peak)
• Standards for systems engineering (Peak, Paredis)
• Decision-based design (Mistree, Allen)
• Designing open processes (Mistree)
• Composable simulations (Paredis)
• Virtual factories (McGinnis, Bodner)
• Factory information Systems (Dugenske)
• Robust design simulation (Mavris)
• Collaborative visualization environments (Mavris)
• Collaborative design optimization (Olds and
  Braun)
• Visualization and human computer interaction
  (Rossignac)

6
Mapping PLM Focus Areas ? GIT Activities - p3

• Service after Sales
• Aircraft lifecycle support (Schrage)
• Manage Operations Systems
• Course Aerospace Systems Engineering (Schrage)
• Domain specific parametric tool specification and
  procurement (Eastman)
• Integrating design chain processes with supply
  chain processes (Mistree)
• Standards-based engineering frameworks (Peak)

7
Quad Charts for Sample Research Topics

• PLM Center of Excellence
• http//www.marc.gatech.edu/plm/
• Georgia Institute of Technology

8
Next-Gen. PLM with Fine-Grained Interoperability
Customer Needs /Acquisitions

Abstraction Level

Systems Engineering
Legend
Model interfacesAssociativities among
domain-specific models system-level models


Fine-grained models Information objects
Parametric relations


Development Process
Human Interaction
Requirements
Electronics
Structures

Domain
After Bajaj, Peak, Waterbury 2003-09
Models of varied abstractions and domains
9
Hierarchic Market Space Definition and Exploration

• Student Christopher Williams Faculty
  Farrokh Mistree, Janet K. Allen

Objectives
Contributions Benefits

• Sequencing modes of managing product variety
• How can a designer synthesize multiple modes of
  managing product variety in order to realize a
  customized product?
• How does the designer select which mode to use
  first? What sequence will provide the most
  affordable coverage of the market space at a high
  quality?
• Dealing with non-uniform demand
• How does the arrangement of the hierarchy change
  as demand is non-uniform?
• Can this question be answered without using
  varying sized constructs?
• Will this affect the sequencing of the modes of
  managing product variety?
• Provision of manufacturing firms an efficient
  (through rigorous and systematic methodology)
  foundation for realizing customized products,
  thus enhancing the responsiveness of
  manufacturing organizations to changes in the
  market or demands for customization.

Scholarship

• To develop formal, mathematically correct, and
  rigorous principles for designing product
  architectures that facilitate the production of
  customized products.
• Determine an optimal arrangement of product
  variety techniques that link all points in the
  market space in order to satisfy any customer
  demand so that cost is minimized.

Industry
Resources, Status, Publications, etc.
Background

• Constructal Theory
• The hierarchic structures (tree networks) that we
  observe in natural and artificial systems are the
  fingerprint of the minimization of flow
  resistance between a finite volume and one point.
• An access problem can be solved through the
  optimization of the shape of the smallest,
  inner-most space elements and the hierarchic
  assembly of these elements into larger
  constructs until covering the entire geometric
  space.
• The abstraction of a space of customization as a
  geometric space in need of access optimization,
  allows a designer to effectively develop a
  product architecture for customized products.

Resources

• SRL Knowledge Base
• X-DPR, iSIGHT, Matlab, Concurrent Versioning
  System (CVS)
• Nearing completion of MS Research
• Adaptation to the development of a process family
• Consideration of non-uniform demand, risk and
  uncertainty

Status
Publications
Williams, C. B., Panchal, J., Rosen, D. W., 2003,
A General Decision-Making Method for the Rapid
Manufacturing of Customized Parts, accepted by
the 23rd Conference on Computers and Information
in Engineering, ASME, September 2-6, Chicago,
Illinois. Carone, M. J., Williams, C.B., Allen,
J. K., and Mistree, F., 2003, An Application of
Constructal Theory in the Multi-Objective Design
of Product Platforms, accepted by the 15th
International Conference on Design Theory and
Methodology, ASME, September 2-6, Chicago,
Illinois. Hernandez, G., Williams, C. B., Allen,
J.K., Mistree, F., Design of Platforms for
Customizable Products as a Problem of Access in a
Geometric Space, Journal of Mechanical Design,
Submitted. Hernandez, G., Allen, J.K., and
Mistree, F. 2002, Design of Hierarchic Platforms
for Customizable Products, ASME Design
Automation Conference, Montreal, Canada,
DETC2002/DAC-34095. Hernandez, Gabriel, 2001,
Platform Design for Customizable Products as a
Problem of Access in a Geometric Space, Ph.D.
Dissertation, George W. Woodruff School of
Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of
Technology, Atlanta, GA.
10
Strategic Design

• Student Matthew Chamberlain
  Faculty Farrokh Mistree

• Contributions Benefits
• Scholarship
• Effective tools for creating representations of
  n-dimensional market spaces and design
  capabilities
• Systematic approaches for designing families of
  products that can evolve and accommodate change
  and innovation and a systematic tool for choosing
  between multiple available approaches
• Methods for forecasting and characterizing the
  impact of innovation on a feasible space in a
  manner meaningful to the design process
• Industry
• Computing, information, and decision frameworks
  for coordinating distributed decision makers
  carrying out strategic design
• Methods for linking market and design capability
  forecasts to design decisions and plans for
  product portfolios

• Objectives
• To establish a method for allowing distributed
  designers to collaborate on the design of
  products while taking into account
• Changes in market trends
• Changes in the capabilities of existing
  technologies
• New or evolving technologies
• To develop a number of new techniques that would
  be parts of a strategic design method, including
• N-dimensional market visualization techniques
• Innovation modeling and early technology impact
  forecasting methods
• To develop a plan for coordinating the many
  disparate methods that would make up strategic
  design as well as a logic for choosing between
  different modes of managing product variety

• Tasks
• Strategic product planning techniques for
  forecasting dynamic requirements and
  technological capabilities and for assessing the
  potential impact of innovation on complex
  products and processes.
• Product variety design techniques for leveraging
  and adapting existing products.
• Decision support techniques that are formal,
  rigorous, and flexible, and account for
  uncertainty
• Coordination mechanisms for multiple agents in
  product development activities
• Flexible computing and information
  infrastructures for effective distributed design
• Resources
• One student.
• Publications
• Seepersad, C. C., F. S. Cowan, M. K. Chamberlain
  and F. Mistree, 2002, "Strategic Design
  Leveraging and Innovation for a Changing
  Marketplace," Engineering Design Conference,
  King's College, London, pp. 3-20.
• Chamberlain, M. K., 2002, A Step Towards
  Web-Based Strategic Design, MS Thesis, G.W.
  Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering,
  Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA.

• Background
• Strategic Design is a comprehensive approach for
  designing products and processes that efficiently
  and effectively accommodate
• changing markets and associated customer
  requirements
• technological innovations
• In a collaborative, distributed environment

11
Design Process, Information, and Knowledge
Management in Distributed, Collaborative Design
Student Jitesh H. Panchal
Faculty Farrokh Mistree, Janet K. Allen
Objectives
Contributions Benefits

• Means for improvement of design processes
• Systematic method for configuring design chains
• Design knowledge reuse in an organization
• Tools for modeling and reconfiguring design
  processes
• A new dimension to the design information
  management and reuse

• Development of
• A method for Integrated Design of Products and
  Design Processes
• Computational model of design processes in the
  form of a design equation
• Quantitative metrics for openness of products
  and processes
• Method for synthesizing design processes
• Application to design of materials

Background
Collaboration Needed
Design Equation K T (I)
2 PhD Students Student 1 Development of method
for Integrated Design of Products and Design
Processes Student 2 Application of the method to
design of materials
Decision Based Design Decision Support Problem
(DSP) Technique
References
1 B. A. Bras, "Designing Design Processes for
Decision-Based Concurrent Engineering," presented
at CERC's First Workshop on Product Development,
Process Modeling and Characterization,
Morgantown, West-Virginia, 1992. 2 F. Mistree,
W. F. Smith, B. Bras, J. K. Allen, and D. Muster,
"Decision-Based Design A Contemporary Paradigm
for Ship Design," in Transactions, Society of
Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, vol. 98.
Jersey City, New Jersey, 1990, pp. 565-597. 3
D. Muster and F. Mistree, "The Decision Support
Problem Technique in Engineering Design,"
International Journal of Applied Engineering
Education, vol. 4, pp. 23-33, 1988.
12
A Decision Support Framework (DSF) for
Distributed Collaborative Design and Manufacture
(DCDM)

• Student Marco Gero Fernández Faculty
  Farrokh Mistree and Janet K. Allen

Objectives
Contributions Benefits

• Develop and commercialize a Decision Support
  Framework (DSF) for Distributed Collaborative
  Design and Manufacture (DCDM), where decision
  support refers to the cumulative means of
  modeling, structuring, and negotiation solutions
  to decisions and any of their interactions.
• Provide a consistent mechanism for supporting
  designers in their capacity as decision-makers.
  The fundamental goals are to (1) manage the
  design process, (2) facilitate the collaboration
  of stakeholders, and (3) effectively share
  information.
• Effectively structure design processes and
  properly reflect decision critical information
  and any dependencies.

Scholarship

• Emphasis is placed on development of theory,
  creation of domain independent constructs for
  characterizing and modeling decisions, and
  formalization of interactions among distributed
  design agents via digital interfaces
• Development of logic for design process
  reconfiguration and investigation of strategic
  decision-making/resource allocation
• Facilitation of strategic decision-making from a
  systems perspective and enhancement of design
  process reconfiguration with regard to
  flexibility, efficiency, and effectiveness.
• Enablement of companies to trace errors to their
  origins within a given design chain and allow for
  remediation through dynamic design modification
  and/or process reconfiguration

Industry
Background

• This research will expand upon a substantial
  knowledge base in Decision Based Design, design
  theory, and decision theory that has evolved in
  the Systems Realization Laboratory (SRL) since
  its establishment in 1992.
• It is the nature and types of decisions,
  implemented that determine the progress of a
  design
• Decisions in all stages of engineering design
  depend on scientific, factual information as well
  as empirical, experience-based knowledge,
  designer preferences, and uncertainty.
• There is a need to propagate decision-critical,
  up-to-date information alongside design knowledge
  for both sequential and concurrent design tasks,
  particularly for dependent and interdependent
  decisions that cannot be made in isolation.

Resources, Status, Publications, etc.
Resources

• SRL Knowledge Base
• X-DPR, iSIGHT, Web Board, Concurrent Versioning
  System (CVS)
• Completion of MS Research, Development of
  Decision Constructs and Information Model
  required for DSF
• Active consideration/infusion of Risk and
  Uncertainty into decision-making

Fundamental Assertions
Status
Publications

• Fernández, M.G., D.W. Rosen, J.K. Allen, and F.
  Mistree (2002). A Decision Support Framework for
  Distributed Collaborative Design and
  Manufacture. 9th AIAA/ISSMO Symposium on
  Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization,
  Atlanta, GA, AIAA-4881.
• Others available upon request.

13
Digital Clay for Shape Input and Display
15 Students Faculty Wayne Book, Mark Allen,
Imme Ebert-Uphoff, Ari Glezer, David
Rosen, Jarek Rossignac
Contributions Benefits
Objectives

• Develop an interactive, 3-D haptic computer
  input/output device. Specifically, the device
  will enable
• Shape input through a sculpting interaction
  mode
• Shape display of a computer model (e.g. CAD
  model)
• Stiffness (feel) display of shapes with various
  material properties.
• Demonstrate the digital clay device on a variety
  of mechanical and architectural shape design
  applications, distributed collaboration, and
  dynamic simulations.

• Define state-of-the-art in haptics (force-based)
  computer interaction.
• Greatly impact distributed collaboration when
  shape must be communicated.
• Potentially, impact the ability for visually
  impaired people to interact with computers.
• Significantly impact technology in hydraulics,
  controls, kinematics, manufacturing, and
  human-computer interface areas.

Supported by 5 year NSF grant.
Background
Collaboration Needed

• 1 student to develop digital clay prototypes and
  test them in mechanical design applications.
• Materials and supplies to construct digital clay
  prototypes.

• Hydraulics will be used for actuation and
  sensing.
• A formable skin will comprises the bulk and shape
  of the clay device. The skin will have
  inflatable bladders to enable the skin to change
  shape and to sense user forces.
• Stereolithography used to fabricate skin and clay
  structure.
• MEMS technologies will be utilized to fabricate
  array of pressure sensors and valves in device
  backplane.
• Human-computer interface studies will determine
  appropriate methods of interaction with clay
  devices.

References

• Bosscher, P. and Ebert-Uphoff, I., Digital Clay
  Architecture Designs for Shape-Generating
  Mechanisms, IEEE Robotics and Automation
  Conference, 2003.
• Rosen, D.W., Nguyen, A., and Wang, H., On the
  Geometry of Low Degree-of-Freedom Digital Clay
  Human-Computer Interface Devices, Proceedings
  ASME CIE Conference, paper DETC2003-48295,
  Chicago, Sept. 2-6, 2003.

• Zhu, H. and Book, W.J. Control Concepts for
  Digital Clay, 7th Annual International Symposium
  on Robot Control SyRoCo 2003, Sept. 1-3, 2003,
  Wroclaw, Poland.

14
Constrained Objects A Knowledge Representation
for Design, Analysis, and Systems Engineering
Interoperability

• Students Manas Bajaj, Injoong Kim, Greg Mocko
  Faculty Russell Peak

Objectives
Contributions Benefits
Chip Package Stress Analysis Template

• Develop better methods of capturing engineering
  knowledge that
• Are independent of vendor-specific CAD/CAE/SE
  tools
• Support both easy-to-use human-sensible views
  and robust computer-sensible formulations in
  a unified manner
• Handle a diversity of product domains,
  simulation disciplines, solution methods, and
  leverage disparate vendor tools
• Apply these capabilities in a variety of
  sponsor-relevant test scenarios
• Proposed candidates are templates and custom
  capabilities for design, analysis, and
  systems engineering

• To Scholarship
• Develop richer understanding of modeling
  (including idealizations and multiple levels of
  abstraction) and representation methods
• To Industry
• Better designs via increased analysis intensity
• Increased automation and model consistency
• Increased modularity and reusability
• Increased corporate memory via better knowledge
  capture

Constrained Object (COB) Formulations
Approach Status
Collaboration Needed

• Approach
• Extend and apply the constrained object (COB)
  representation and related methodology based on
  positive results to date
• Expand within international efforts like the OMG
  UML for Systems Engineering work to broaden
  applicability and impact
• Status
• Current generation capabilities have been
  successfully demonstrated in diverse environments
  (circuit boards, electronic chip packages,
  airframes) with sponsors including NASA, Rockwell
  Collins, Shinko (a major supplier to Intel), and
  Boeing.
• Templates for chip package thermal analysis are
  in production usage at Shinko with over 75
  reduction in modeling effort (deformation/stress
  templates are soon to follow)

• Support for 1-3 students depending on project
  scope
• Sponsor involvement to provide domain knowledge
  and facilitate pilot usage

COB-based Airframe Analysis Template

• Additional Information
• 1. http//eislab.gatech.edu/projects/
• 2. Response to OMG UML for Systems Engineering
  RFIhttp//eislab.gatech.edu/tmp/omg-se-33e/
• 3. Characterizing Fine-Grained Associativity
  Gaps A Preliminary Study of CAD-E Model
  Interoperabilityhttp//eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/con
  ferences/2003-asme-detc-cie-peak/

15
Composable Simulations Model Archiving and Reuse
for Systems Design

• Students Rich Malak, Tarun Rathnam, Steve Rekuc
  Faculty Chris Paredis

Objectives
Contributions Benefits

• Develop integrated representations for
  multi-disciplinary products and their
  corresponding behavioral models
• Develop algorithms for reusing and composing
  simulation models of individual components into
  models for entire systems
• Characterize the validity and accuracy of
  simulation models at multiple levels of
  abstraction
• Support the seamless transition between models at
  multiple levels of abstraction while progressing
  through the design process

• To Scholarship
• Develop understanding of the relationship between
  configuration of components and configuration of
  simulation models
• Create ontology for ports (locations of intended
  interaction) and artifacts
• Develop understanding of validity and accuracy of
  models to enable reuse
• To Industry
• Faster and broader exploration of design space
• Capture history of design exploration and
  analyses
• Save resources by reusing validated simulation
  models

Approach Status
Collaboration Needed

• Approach
• Semantically rich product representations in OWL
  (Web Ontology Language) combined with
  object-oriented simulation models in Modelica
• Define and populate a repository of components
  and models to demonstrate reuse and composition
• Investigate the compatibility, composability, and
  accuracy of models and model configurations.
• Status
• We have demonstrated the concept of composable
  simulations for satellite systems (with
  Lockheed-Martin) and for transportation systems
  (with Bombardier).
• We have implemented an initial software
  prototype, COINSIDE Composition in Simulation
  and Design.

• Support for 1-2 students depending on scope of
  study
• Engineering support to provide application domain
  knowledge for example study.

COINSIDE framework Composition in Simulation and
Design
Additional Info C.J.J. Paredis, A.
Diaz-Calderon, R. Sinha, and P.K. Khosla,
"Composable Models for Simulation-Based Design",
Engineering with Computers. Vol. 17, pp. 112-128,
2001. (http//www.cs.cmu.edu/paredis/pubs/EWC01.p
df)
Composition of port-based objectsallows for
automatic composition of thecorresponding
simulation andCAD models
http//srl.marc.gatech.edu/people/paredis/
16
Supply Chain Design and Analysis Testbed
Students Jin-Young Choi, Nan Li Faculty
Leon McGinnis
Objectives
Contributions Benefits

• Develop distributed simulation testbed for
  analyzing global supply chains, including
  factories, warehouses, transportation
• Use the distributed simulation testbed to
  investigate alternative designs, planning
  methods, and supply chain management methods

• To Scholarship
• Testbed for evaluating proposed supply chain
  planning/management methods
• To Industry
• Tools that permit collaboration between supply
  chain partners to analyze/design the supply chain
  without revealing proprietary data

Approach Status
Collaboration Needed

• Approach
• Use HLA to support distributed simulation, using
  legacy models where necessary
• Develop general purpose simulation models for
  warehouses and transportation
• Develop supply chain manager models
• Status
• First generation distributed simulation
  demonstrated, using factory models at SimTech,
  and warehouse and transportation models at
  Georgia Tech
• Ongoing development of generic warehouse,
  transportation and supply chain manager models

• Demonstration case study
• Development and evaluation of specific supply
  chain planning and/or management methods
• Integrating existing legacy models to permit
  supply chain analysis

Additional Info This project has been conducted
in collaboration with SimTech, the Singapore
Institute for Manufacturing Technology
17
High Fidelity Factory Modeling
Students 5 PhD students Faculty L.
McGinnis, C. Zhou, S. Reveliotis
Objectives
Contributions

• Develop a new generation of factory modeling
  tools that
• Support high fidelity description of factory
  resources and operations
• Are based on concepts that map one-to-one with
  factory entities
• Enable abstraction to support more aggregate
  models and analyses
• Demonstrate new tools in semiconductor wafer fabs

• To Scholarship
• Comprehensive reference model for semiconductor
  fabrication operations
• Testbed for exploring alternative factory
  designs, alternative scheduling and control
  methods
• To Industry
• Testbed for evaluating proposed factory designs
  or factory planning and control strategies

Approach Status
Collaboration Needed

• Approach
• Object oriented
• Separation of process and control
• Explicit material handling
• Java, HLA
• Status
• Third generation toolkit
• Currently testing against Sematech 300mm model

• Demonstration case studies of specific fabs
• Evaluation of through-stocker versus
  point-to-point AMHS
• Linking factory operations models with real
  factory control software to create a virtual
  factory

Additional Info http//factory.isye.gatech.edu/vf
l/research/hifive.php For interim status report,
presentations, and demonstrations
18
GIT Contacts Departments