Global Slag Utilisation

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Global Slag Utilisation

• Nick Jones
• Slag Business Development Manager

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Presentation Outline

• Why utilise slag?
• MultiServ overview
• Types of slag handled / markets supplied
• A focus on steel slag
• Steel slag properties / benefits
• Case Studies
• Conclusions

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Why Utilise Slag?

• Historically
• Either sent to landfill or de-metalled and sent
  to landfill A WASTE
• Current world- wide situation
• Landfill becoming scarce or more expensive or
  both
• Natural aggregate resources are becoming more
  difficult to develop
• The environmental impact of Quarrying
• The world is becoming more environmentally aware
  planning for the future

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Why Utilise Slag?

• When processed and marketed correctly, slag is
  not a waste, it is a resource
• Why remove aggregate from the ground when slag
  can be used as a substitute (reduce waste
  conserve resources)
• Protect and preserve our environment
• Benefit from technical advantages offered by many
  of the steel making slags
• High performance products not necessarily low
  grade applications

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MultiServ Structure
Europe North
Europe South
International
Latin America
North America
Argentina Brazil Chile Guatemala Mexico Peru Trini
dad Venezuela
Australia Bahrain China Egypt Indonesia New
Zealand Saudi Arabia South Africa Thailand
Canada USA
Belgium France Italy Luxembourg Portugal Spain
Czech Rep. Finland Netherlands Norway Serbia Slova
kia Sweden UK
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22
34
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160 Operating Sites
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Types of Ferrous Slag Handled

• Iron making slag
• Air-cooled blast furnace slag
• Granulated blast furnace slag
• Melter slag
• Steel making slag
• BOF
• EAF
• Stainless
• EAF
• AOD

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Typical MultiServ Global Slag Sales
Iron and Steel Slag Sales (Tonnes)
North America 3,490,000
Latin America 1,245,000
Rest of World 2,256,000
Total 6,991,000
Europe, Asia, Middle East Africa
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Global Slag Sales Breakdown
Sales
Road Construction 62
General Construction 16
Agriculture 0.1
Environmental 1.9
Diverse Applications 20
Revenues based on Global averages per
application
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Typical Slag Applications
Stone Columns Sea Defences Dyke
Repairs Agricultural Gabion Baskets
Road Surface Aggregates Asphalt
Rail Ballast Filter Media Cement
Sub Bases (unbound) Road Bases (unbound)
Bulk Fill
Low Volume Niche Applications
High Volume Bulk Applications
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Typical Applications

• Road construction
• Unbound
• Slag bound
• Asphalt
• General construction
• Fill
• Unconfined steel slag
• Concrete
• Non-structural steel slag

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Typical Applications

• Agriculture
• Fertiliser
• Soil conditioners
• Environmental
• Filtration
• Waste water treatment
• Recycling to steel mill
• Ground stabilisation Vibro-floatation
• Mineral wool insulation
• Cement manufacture
• Railway ballast

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Unbound applications

• Germany Sub-bases
• Holland sub-bases, slag bound mixtures
• Pass environmental standards
• Leachate tests ground
• Ensure that the slag is not placed in stagnant
  water conditions
• UK guidance for blast furnace slag similar
  controls should apply

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Waste water treatment (NZ)
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Ground Stabilisation

• MultiServ Saudi Arabia has supplied EAF steel
  slag from the Hadeed steel mill into stone column
  piling since Nov 1995
• Since that time 21 construction project have been
  supplied, consuming over 970,000 Tonnes of steel
  slag aggregate
• The size fractions used are 19/37 for dry
  applications and 25/75 for wet

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Ground Stabilisation
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Typical Ground Stabilisation Project
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Feedstock for Cement Manufacture
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A Focus on Steel Slag
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Steel Slag Properties

• Steel slag is an ideal aggregate for asphalt
  surfacing materials especially with regards to
  the following properties
• Cubical Shape Resistance to deformation
• pH Resistance to binder stripping Durability
  Porous asphalt
• Resistance to polishing Skid resistance -
  Safety
• Resistance to abrasion Durability

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Shape
Resistance to Deformation
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Wheeltracker
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Wheeltracking Rate at 60oC
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Nottingham Asphalt Tester

• Determines fundamental properties
• Values are understood worldwide
• Stiffness
• Resistance to deformation
• Fatigue

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pH-Affinity to Bitumen
Durability
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SCRIM
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SFC Values for 14mm steel slag surface dressing
laid in 1988
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Direct Comparison Between Steel Slag and High
PSV Gritstone
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Grip Tester
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WARNING!FREE LIME
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Result of Expansive Slag in Asphalt
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Expansion Test
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Expansion Tests Equipment
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Expansion Test
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Case Studies

• UK - Steelphalt EAF and stainless steel slag
  into asphalt
• Saudi Arabia steel slag into asphalt
• South Africa - BOS steel slag asphalt

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UK

• MultiServ own their own Steel slag asphalt
  coating facility (SteelPhalt) in the UK
• Started coating steel slag in 1934
• Since coated over 12 Million Tonnes
• 100 utilisation of primary slag produced from
  four steel mills in the area
• No primary slag tips in local area

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UK

• Two asphalt plants 640T Storage capacity
• Asphalt Production 360,000 tpa
• 220K Tonnes steel slag
• 130K Tonnes carbon steel slag
• 90K Tonnes stainless steel slag
• 140K Tonnes limestone

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UK

• UK
• Steelphalt production 220KT/yr
• carbon steel slag / stainless steel slag
• CS EAF surface course asphalt all sizes
• SS EAF 3mm metallic recovery
• SS AOD stabilised base course asphalt
• Supplies to local and National specification
• Supplies proprietary thin surfacing systems in
  accordance with an independent product approval
  scheme
• SteelPave - suite of thin surfacing systems
• SteelSurf for high stress applications

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Steelphalt Thin Surfacings
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SteelSurf
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Saudi Arabia

• Saudi Arabia
• Markets all its 450KT/yr of electric arc furnace
  steels slag
• Two largest markets
• Road construction
• Ground stabilisation
• Boasts our largest road construction contract
  consuming over 700,000 tonnes of steel slag in -
• Unbound road base
• Asphalt base course
• Asphalt surface course

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Saudi Arabia Road Construction
700KT of Steel Slag
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South Africa

• South Africa 150 200KT/yr
• Newly developed market
• Aggregate for asphalt supply to busiest motorway
  in RSA
• Large segregated stock of BOF steel slag
• Highways authority had problems with local
  aggregate in asphalt
• Premature deformation
• Fines stripping in asphalt

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South Africa

• Lab tests and site trials undertaken in
  partnership with local asphalt manufacturer to
  prove material properties and demonstrate
  advantages
• Consulting engineer specifies slag to combat
  problems
• Market has been established and is growing
• Slag is now specified for its benefits
• Experience and confidence gained from using slag
  from this one site will pave the way for extended
  use of slag from other sources across RSA

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Deformation
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N3 Patching - Trial
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Van Reenens Pass
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Conclusions

• Steel slag is a resource, not a waste
• Steel slag can be utilised as a high quality
  aggregate.
• If processed correctly steel slag can be used as
  aggregate for a variety of applications giving
  benefits over and above many natural aggregates

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Conclusions

• As the world reviews its environmental policies
  opportunities arise for increased use of
  industrial by-products
• The use of steel slags can be a win-win result
  for the environment
• Reduction of waste
• Conservation of natural resources

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Thank You for Your AttentionAny Questions?