Use of Millimeter Waves LAN (mmwLAN) for Enterprise Applications

1
IEEE 802 Tutorial November 11, 2003
Use of Millimeter Waves LAN (mmwLAN) for
Enterprise Applications

• Rosio Alvarez, Director OIT, U.Mass.
  End User need for mmwLAN
• Leigh Chinitz , CTO, Proxim
  mmwLAN / mmwWAN Convergence
• Dev Gupta, Chairman, Newlans
  mmwLAN for Enterprise Applications

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Technology Objective

• Investigate the Possibility of Creating a
  Standard To Provide
• True Gigabit Ethernet transport to any station
• Comparable or better availability than copper or
  fiber
• Comparable or better performance than copper or
  fiber
• Comparable or better security than copper or
  fiber
• Mobility

Market Technology Value
3
Top Level Requirements

• Multi Gigabit data rate solution for wireless
  Gigabit To The Desktop (GTTD) which operates in
  56 GHz bands
• Provide reliability through frequency, time and
  space diversity
• Minimize probability of interference,
  interception and jamming
• Provide security at PHY and MAC layers
• Robust QoS coupled with high throughput
• Enable rapid installation and provisioning with
  minimal technical knowledge and experience
• Readily reconfigurable, reusable and redeployable
  
• Lowest cost for high data rates (/Mbps)
• Complete, safe, hassle-free coverage

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802.11 Standard In Evolution
Phase 3
True enterprise grade Gigabit-Ethernet-To-The-Desk
top
Phase 2
Phase 1
5
Ethernets Past Future
170 M
Transition to GigE
110 M
Transition to FE
1980 10 Mbps 802.3 1990 10 M-BaseT
802.3i 1997 100 Gbps-BaseT 802.3x 1998 1
Gbps-BaseX 802.3z 1999 1 Gbps-BaseT
802.3ab 2002 10 Gbps-LX 802.3aeb 2005 10
Gbps-BaseT Future 100 Gbps ?
Millions of LAN Connections
45 M
Source Fujitsu presentation titled GigE on the
desktop and beyond at NFOEC/GEC, September 9,
2003
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Growth of Gigabit Ethernet
Worldwide Installed Base of GigE Ports (Copper
and Fiber)
55.5 M
11.2 M
Source Fujitsu presentation titled GigE on the
desktop and beyond at NFOEC/GEC, September 9 2003
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Ethernet Port Shipment
Growth provided by GTTD
Source US Bancrop Piper Jaffray, Industry Note,
September 3, 2002
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Avayas LAN Connectivity Survey
What network technology do you run on your
horizontal cabling now and 5 years?
What network technology do you run on your
backbone cabling now and 5 years?
Source A Report on the Global Status and
Direction of LAN Connectivity, Avaya, October 2002
9
Why GTTD?

• Cost effective location of network resources
• Enables greater centralization of server and
  storage resources
• Translates to lower cost, better security,
  improved manageability
• Improved network efficiency
• GTTD acquires and releases network resources fast
  
• Enhanced productivity for users and network
  managers
• Network Managers Enable remote software
  installations, software upgrades, data backup and
  better utilization of network resources
• Users Reduced wait time
• Deployment of new applications
• New generation applications are bandwidth
  intensive
• High resolution video conferencing, broadcast
  video, video-on-demand, online training, distance
  leaning, peer-to-peer collaboration, file
  transfers, data mining, data base applications
  (CRM, ERP), email with attachments
• Translates to better productivity
• New computing paradigms
• GigE grid computing

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GTTD Improves Network Efficiency
GigE Switch
GigE Edge Switch
GigE Backbone
2
GigE Link
100 Mbps Link
1
Work Stations
Server
3

• The resources of the server is held by the work
  station
• FE connection implies that data is buffered at
  the edge switch
• GTTD eliminates or minimizes the queuing and
  transmission delay

GTTD in a client-server scenario can improve the
performance by 67
Source Dr. Roger Billings, Gigabit Ethernet -
Emergence to the edge of the network at GEC
keynote address, Washington D.C., August 2002
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Productivity Comparison
Productivity GigE users spent 88 less time
waiting for data when compared to 10 Mbps users,
and 47 less than 100 Mbps users
Source Cisco white paper Deploying Gigabit
Ethernet To The Desktop Drivers and Applications
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GTTD Performance
Results conducted by Competitive Systems Analysis
Workflow Applications Flow Faster GTTD showed
clear benefits over FE in Exchange 2000 workflow
tests
Business Productivity Apps Get A Boost Microsoft
Office 2000 performance in a Windows 2000
IntelliMirror environment increased
Database Transactions At GTTD The benefits of
GTTD over FE increased with the number of records
per transactions
Bottle neck due to disk write related delays at
the server
Improvement Over 10/100 Mbps Ethernet
Improvement Over 10/100 Mbps Ethernet
Completion Time in Seconds

• GTTD shines under demanding workload scenario
• There seems to a direct correlation between
  desktop performance and GigE ROI the faster the
  client PC, the greater performance improvement.

Source InfoWorld, January 1, 2002, Issue 3
Burning Up The Wire
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Additional Benefits of mmwLAN
N 244, IT respondents
Sources Cisco and NOP World, Wireless LAN
Benefit Study
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Barriers To mmwLAN Adoption
Lack of adequate security Limited data
rates Limited coverage Limitations (e.g. lack of
QoS) Reliability concerns (e.g. RF
interference) No Need
Responses 1 Strongly Disagree 2 Somewhat
Disagree 3 Neutral 4 Somewhat Agree 5
Strongly Agree
Derived from Yankee Group Survey
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Above 56 GHz Allocations
9.9 GHz of spectrum for mmwLAN applications
19.9 GHz of spectrum for broadband applications
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60 GHz Band

• Unlicensed band governed by Part 15.225
• 15 dB/Km of O2 absorption
• Robust PHY layer security
• High frequency reuse
• Connectivity up to 10 Gbps
• Currently used in MAN and campus networks
• New commercial applications mmwLAN and PAN

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70 80 GHz Allocation

• FCC opened these bands for commercial use in
  October 2003
• Divided into 4 unpaired segments per band
• Segments may be aggregated
• Cross band aggregation permitted with some
  restriction
• Pencil-beam applications
• License based on interference protection on a
  link-by-link basis

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90 GHz Allocation

• FCC opened these bands for commercial use in
  October 2003
• Divided into 2 unpaired segments
• 94 GHz to 94.1 GHz allocated for exclusive
  Federal use
• Segments may be aggregated
• License based on interference protection on a
  link-by-link basis for outdoor use
• No license required for indoor use

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56 GHz Allocations in Other Regions
No allocations for commercial deployment in 70
GHz, 80 GHz and 90 GHz bands
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FCC Requirements
60 GHz Band

• Average power density 9 µW/cm2 at 3 m
• Peak power density 18 µW/cm2 at 3 m
• Power density 1 mW/cm2 on the general
  population for 30 minutes averaging
• Total peak transmitter output power cannot exceed
  500 mW
• Out of band spurious specifications
• For indoor application, transmit FCC identifier,
  serial number and 24 bytes data every 1 second.

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FCC Requirements
70 GHz, 80 GHz and 90 GHz Bands

• Awaiting for FCC rules

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Reflection Coefficients
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Human Body Attenuation
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Transmission Through Concrete
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Transmission Through Plasterboard
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Modem Requirements

• Support multiple bands ( 4) in the millimeter
  wave band
• Support a baud rate such that payload throughput
  is equal or greater than 1 Gbps
• FEC should be incorporated such that modem has
  good error performance with 10 dB SNR
• Modem should be fairly immune to compression,
  phase noise and jitter
• Modem should be fairly immune to 50 MHz of
  frequency error
• Modem should provide PHY layer Security
• Modem should be inexpensively realizable

Developing an innovative class of modem is key
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Antenna Requirements
Beam Shaped MIMO Antenna

• Mitigate effects of multipath
• Maximum coverage
• Minimum RF exposure
• Minimize wasted spill of energy

Antenna is an enabler for space, time and
frequency diversity
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Link Performance
PT 23 dBm instantaneous GT 23.5 dBi peak GR
17.5 dBi peak
42.9 m 161.6 feet
134.4 m 441.1 feet
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Multipath Effects
Left Hand Si -82 dBm Time 49 ns
Outside antennas beam coverage
Right Hand
Right Hand Si -87 dBm Time 90 ns
Right Hand Si -60 dBm Time 0
30 feet
Left Hand
PT 10 dBm GT 10 dBi GR 10 dBi
Right Hand
30 feet
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Wall Propagation Analysis
Example
10 m
150 m
10 m
10 m
Margin 12 dB
Extender
Wall
10 dB
10 dB
20 dB
10 m
10 m
10 m
10 m
10 m
Margin 0 dB
Wall
Tx
10 dB
10 dB
20 dB
10 dB
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Reliability

• Energy contained in a building
• Low probability of interference or jamming
• Effective BER very low due to space, time and
  frequency diversity
• Network management can be used to perform fault
  monitoring and optimization of radio resources,
  and reroutes traffic to keep high availability

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Reliability
High availability provided by frequency, space
and time diversity
5.3 minutes/year
Source Based on Networld special report titled
Supercharging The Desktop and Newlans
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Campus Network
Convergence of mmwLAN and campus network

• Seamless network
• Indoor/outdoor mobility
• Security comparable to or better than a wired
  network
• Availability comparable to or better than a
  wired network
• Robust QoS
• Lower deployment cost
• Lower product cost
• Indoor and outdoor equipments have common
  components

Untethered Fiber
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Migration Path
Migration path to 10 GigE must track migration
in the wired network

• 60 GHz and 90 GHz have adequate bandwidth, but
  reduced number of channels
• 70 GHz and 80 GHz have 10 GigE backhauling
  capability
• Choose a modulation scheme does not require major
  overhauling, thus minimizing cost impact
• Maintains backward compatibility with 1 GigE

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MAC Layer Requirements

• High Performance MAC should provide Link
• Layer Control
• Provide scheduling across space and frequency
• diversity
• Provide multiple classes of service
• Should provide a reliable link layer in the
• presence of multiple copies of packets and
  
• copies with errors
• High Efficiency gt 80

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Security

• Features
• 60 GHz propagation facilitates confinement of
  energy in an area
• AES implemented in hardware at NAP and STN at 1
  Gbps per channel
• Customizable scrambler whose interconnections are
  customized per LAN
• Per-channel digital scrambler seed sequences that
  can be refreshed as needed on control channels
  provide added security
• Per-channel policies insulate high and low
  security users from each others differing
  network requirement

• Objectives
• Mutual authentication for identity confirmation
• Block cipher for confidentiality (ex. use of
  advanced encryption standard)
• Dynamic keying for all of above (ex. 802.1X key
  management)
• Customizable PHY layer security option
• Low probability of interception and jamming

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Technology Components
Modem
Front End
MAC
MAC Processor Encryption Decryption RFIC 56 GHz MMICs MIMO Antennas
Available Technologies Available Technologies Available Technologies Available Technologies
Sub µ CMOS SiGe BiCMOS CMOS GaAs - PHEMPT - NHEMPT DHBT InP GaN SiGe Horn Printed Circuit Phase Array
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Per Drop Cost
Note Based on pricing for copper and fiber in 2005
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Synergy With Other Standards Work
802.11 Wireless LAN (WLAN)
802.15 Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)
802.16 Broadband Wireless Access (BBW)
802.18 Radio Regulatory Technical Advisory Group
802.19 Coexistence Technical Advisory Group
802.20 Mobile Wireless Access
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End