PowerPoint-Pr

1
How to write a paper Oder wie Ergebnisse im
Manuskript vermitteln?

• Kriterien für ein Journal
• Welche Leser soll es erreichen
• Psychologie / Kliniker / Neurophysiologen /
  Physiker?

• 2. Entscheidendes Kriterium Impact Faktor
• aktuelle Version 2008
• http//admin.isiknowledge.com/JCR/JCR

2
Titel

• exakte Darstellung des Wesentlichen
• Spannend? Ja, ....
• aber nicht zu viel versprechen!
• knapp - kurz - prägnant

3
Titel aus HGW
Role of Distorted Body Image for
Pain Non-effective increase of fMRI-activation
for motor performance in elder individuals The
functional connectivity between amygdala and
extrastriate visual cortex activity during
emotional picture processing depends on stimulus
novelty Comparison of a 32-channel with a
12-channel head coil are there relevant
improvements for functional imaging?
4
Autoren
Der Erstautor ist derjenige der die
experimentelle Arbeit ausführt Der Senior Autor
ist derjenige der den Erstautor anleitet, das
Projekt betreut und meist das Konzept (Ethik,
Finanzierung) geschrieben hat Das Paper wird
vor allem vom ersten und letzten Autor verfasst
Zweitautor oftmals involviert Alle in der Mitte
sollten etwas zur Arbeit beigetragen haben zB
bei der Messung/ Auswertung geholfen haben oder
wesentliche Ideen für die Ausrichtung, Statistik
oder anderes eingebracht haben
5
Autoren
Wer braucht was? Der Doktorand braucht 3
(Psychologie) oder 1 (Medizin) Erstveröffentlichun
g Die Physikerin /Informatiker braucht eigene
Papers und Mitautorenschaften bei methodischen
Beiträgen Der Habilitierende braucht 10
Erstveröffentlichungen und 5 Co-Autorplätze Der
Prof. braucht sein Institut als ausführendes Lab
in den affiliations und Erst- und
Letztautorenplätze (LOM)
6
(No Transcript)
7
Hinweise für die Struktur manuscript information
- Struktur sehr unterschiedlich zwischen den
Zeitschriften - bestimmt deutlich die Verfassung
eines Artikels gt zuerst einmal Journal
aussuchen und Struktur ansehen!
Number of pages 23 Figures 4 Tables 1
Suppl. Tables 2 (pages oft lt20 Figures 1-3
Tables 1) Characters title 80 running tile
29 (lt75 lt30) Number of References 45
(lt50) Words in the Abstract 194 (lt250) Words
in the Text 4203 (lt5000) Intro manchmal lt500
(J Neurosci)
8
Abstract
Unterscheide 3 Satz-Abstracts zB Nature
Neuroscience 100 Worte (selten) ca 200 Worte
(gebräuchlich)
Beispiel für kurze Fasssung To investigate the
neural substrates underlying emotional feelings
in the absence of a conscious stimulus percept,
fMRI images were acquired from nine cortically
blind patients while a visual stimulus was
presented in their blind field before and after
it had been paired with an aversive event. After
pairing, self-reported negative emotional valence
and blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses
in somatosensory association areas were enhanced.
Somatosensory activity predicted highly
corresponding reported feelings and startle
reflex amplitudes across subjects. Our data
provide direct evidence that cortical activity
representing physical emotional states governs
emotional feelings.
9
Abstract

• warum Studie gemacht
• kurze Methode
• Hauptergebnis
• Diskussion Ergebnis
• Ausblick

10
To investigate the neural substrates underlying
emotional feelings in the absence of a conscious
stimulus percept, fMRI images were acquired from
nine cortically blind patients while a visual
stimulus was presented in their blind field
before and after it had been paired with an
aversive event. After pairing, self-reported
negative emotional valence and blood oxygen level
dependent (BOLD) responses in somatosensory
association areas were enhanced. Somatosensory
activity predicted highly corresponding reported
feelings and startle reflex amplitudes across
subjects. Our data provide direct evidence that
cortical activity representing physical emotional
states governs emotional feelings.
11
Key-Words

• sollten nicht bereits im Titel sein
• helfen beim Auffinden des Papers
• manchmal vorgeschrieben - dh aus
  vorgegebenen aussuchen

neuerdings auch Highlights (50 Wörter 3 Sätze
Neuroimage) Metastudy over 53 fMRI-studies
investigating the cerebral representation of pain
Differences between experimentally induced
(n36) and neuropathic pain (n17) Experimentally
induced pain was compared between thermal (n18)
and non-thermal Neuropathic pain showed increased
left S2, ACC, and right anterior insula
activation S1 was only involved during
non-thermal experimentally induced pain
12
Einleitung

• knappe Hinführung zu der Untersuchung (ca
  600-800 Wörter)
• nur wesentiche Vorbefunde listen
• eher erschienene Papers bevorzugen
• Hypothese entwickeln

13
Methode

• bei kurzen Papers vieles in Supplements und nur
  das wesentliche in Haupttext
• Typische Unterteilung Subjects (inklusive
  Ethik), performance testing, fMRI-measurements,
  fMRI-evaluation
• Statistik Hypothesen testen!

14
Figures zu Methode
Figure 1
A
Conditions per run
Reading 60 s
Copying 60 s
Brainstorming 60 s
Creative Writing 140 s





Rest 20 s
Rest 20 s
Rest 20 s
Rest 20 s
Rest 20 s
0 min
7 min
B
Creative Writing
Space for continuing the story
Printed beginning of a story....
15
Participants
Participants .... 24 age-matched healthy controls
(HC 10 males/14 females mean age 59.5 ? 16.0
y range 28-67 y all strongly right-handed
score 98.4 ? 5.0) without history of
neurological or psychiatric disease participated
in the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and the
fMRI investigations only. Participants in both
groups provided written informed consent to the
experiment, which was approved by the Ethics
Committee of the Medical Faculty of the
University of Greifswald.
16
Paradigm
All tasks were trained outside of the scanner to
ensure proper performance. During scanning
participants were supine and wearing hearing
protection. Both patients (using the affected
hand) and HC (using the right dominant hand)
performed fist clenching around a rubber ball.
One movement frequency was paced at 1 Hz via
metronome. The other was performed at the
participants maximal frequency. Performance
frequency was counted in four blocks and averaged
over time during scanning. Performance amplitude
was monitored online by a pressure detector
connected to an electro-optical
biosignal-recorder (Varioport-b, Becker Meditec,
Karlsruhe, Germany). The signals were recorded
and stored for further offline analysis using
PhysioMeter software.   Force was adjusted to
about 30 of maximal force by visual training
with the pressure device prior to measurement.
In a separate task, passive wrist
flexion-extension were elicited by a nonmagnetic
torque motor at 1 Hz to assess possible
differences in representation maps without any
voluntary movement or effort contribution. All
conditions were randomized with respect to their
order. These signals were presented via a
video-projection controlled by the presentation
software (Neurobehavioral Systems, Albany, USA)
and triggered by the scanner.
17
Data acquisition
Data were acquired at a 3T Siemens Magnetom Verio
(Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) with a 32-channel
head coil. For each block A and B, 275
two-dimensional echo-planar images (EPI) were
measured with repetition time TR 2000 ms, echo
time TE 30 ms, flip angle a 90 degrees and
field-of-view (FOV) 192 x 192 mm2. Each volume
consisted of 34 slices with a voxel size of 3 x 3
x 3 mm3 and 1mm gap between them. The first 2
dummy volumes in each session were discarded to
allow for T1 equilibration effect. Thirty-four
phase and magnitude images were acquired in the
same FOV by a gradient echo (GRE) sequence with
TR 488 ms, TE(1) 4.92 ms, TE(2) 7.38 ms and
a 60 degrees to calculate a field map aiming at
correcting geometric distortions in the EPI
images. An anatomical T1-weighted
three-dimensional Magnetization Prepared Rapid
Gradient Echo (MPRAGE) image was acquired for
each subject. The total number of sagittal
anatomical slices amounted to 176 (TR 1900ms,
TE 2.52 ms, a 90 degrees, voxel size 1 x 1
x 1 mm3).
18
Data evaluation 1
Data were analyzed using SPM5 (Wellcome
Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, London, UK)
running on Matlab version 7.4. (MathWorks Inc
Natick, MA, USA). Unwarping of geometrically
distorted EPIs was performed in the phase
encoding direction using the FieldMap Toolbox
available for SPM5. Each individual scan was
realigned to the first scan to correct for
movement artifacts. EPIs were coregistered to the
T1-weighted anatomical image. For normalization
the coregistered T1-image was segmented,
normalized to the Montreal Neurological Institute
(MNI) template and EPIs were resliced at 3x3x3
mm3. The resulting images were smoothed with a 9
x 9 x 9mm3 (full-width at half maximum (FWHM))
Gaussian Kernel filter to increase the
signal-to-noise-ratio. A temporal high-pass
filter (128s) was applied to remove slow signal
drifts. Movement parameters estimated during
realignment procedure were introduced as
covariates into the model to control for variance
due to head displacements.
19
Data evaluation 2 Statistik
20
Individual statistical maps (fixed effect) of
the main (brainstorming, creative writing)
and control conditions (reading, copying)
were evaluated for each subject using the general
linear model. Corresponding contrast images of
each subject were then entered into a second
level random effect analysis at the second level,
which accounts for the variance between subjects.
One-sample t-tests were performed to assign for
significant activations per condition. A
correlation analysis of verbal creativity indices
with imaging data was accomplished by calculating
a simple regression. Spatial assignment of
significant brain areas was conducted with the
SPM Anatomy Toolbox Version 1.6 and if regions
were not defined by ANATOMY by using anatomical
masks from Automated Anatomical Labeling (AAL)
software . Brain activations were superimposed on
the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) render
brain and on the T1-weighted Collins-single-subje
ct brain. We reported significant brain
activations with intensity threshold of p lt
0.001 uncorrected and an extent voxel size
threshold of 10 contiguous voxels for main
effects and 5 contiguous voxels for comparison
and correlation analyses.
21
Ergebnis A
Behavioral Results Subjects rated the situation
of writing in the scanner as acceptable (Comfort
of Writing 6.4 ? 2.3 credits) and the moment of
silent idea generation as helpful for creative
story writing (Usefulness of Brainstorming 7.2 ?
2.3). Concentration during 'Brainstorming' and
Creative Writing was rated as moderately high
(average 7.5 ? 1.8) and both texts affected the
subjects emotionally only moderately (average 5.1
? 2.3).
22
Ergebnis A
Verhalten ist oft Figure 2
23
Ergebnis B
fMRI-data Anticipation of future punishment
evoked activity in bilateral insula, bilateral
thalamus, bilateral supramarginal gyrus (assumed
to be consistent with SII), bilateral putamen and
amygdala, right VLPFC, bilateral inferior frontal
gyrus pars triangularis and operciuularis and
bilateral temporo-parietal junction. The blood
oxygen level dependent (BOLD)-response within the
medial cingulate cortex, bilateral secondary
somatosensory cortex (SII) and the bilateral
anterior insula covaried significantly with the
intensity of the indicated aversive stimulus.
Dilemma Haupteffekte berichten aber nicht
seitenweise Tabellen darstellen müssen Ausweg
Verbal zusammenfassen und in Tab nur
Interessantes zeigen
24
Tabelle 1
Region / t-werte / Koordinaten evtl. p-Wert
25
Ergebnis C
'Creative Writing' gt 'Copying' revealed strongest
activation in the medial temporal pole (BA 38)
bilaterally (with strong lateralization to the
right temporal pole). Further activations were
located in the bilateral posterior cingulate
cortex (BA 31) and the bilateral hippocampus.
Interestingly, all regions showed lateralized
activity to the right hemisphere (see Table 3,
see Fig. 3).
26
Figure 3
Hauptergebnis mit Figure unterstreichen!
27
Ergebnis D
Correlation analysis of 'Creative Writing gt
'Copying' with CI Positive correlation of
'Creative Writing gt 'Copying' with the
creativity index (CI) was found in the left
Brocas area (left IFG (pars opercularis, BA
44/45), t-value3.69 -51, 21, 27) (see Fig. 4),
the left middle frontal gyrus (BA 9, t-value3.69
-51 18 27) and the left temporal pole (BA 38,
t-value3.78 -54 0 -12). Correlation analyses
between the rating of the written texts (CAT
results) and the fMRI images (Brainstorming and
'Creative Writing lt 'Copying') did not show any
significant results.
28
Figure 4
3
2
1
BOLD-magnitude (beta)
0
in (-51,21,27)
-1
-2
-3
90
100
110
120
130
Creativity Index
Figure 4 oftmals Korrelation zwischen BOLD und
Leistung, oder ratings oder andren neurophys.
Parametern
29
Discussion
This is the first imaging study that has induced
reactive aggression in a social interactive
setting by using a modified Taylor (Taylor, 1967)
aggression paradigm. In the ventral mPFC
activation was stronger in subjects who less
callous pointing to the association with empathy.
In contrast, the activation of the dorsal mPFC,
correlating with revenge intensity, seemed to be
related to cognitive operations during
conflicting decisions. Furthermore, the present
study confirms findings, reporting that activity
in the ventral mPFC correlates with autonomic
responses (Damasio, 1996).
zunächst Wertigkeit der Studie und wichtigstes
Ergebnis in 1-2 Sätzen zusammenfassen
30
Discussion
The critical condition in this study was the
retaliation condition when the subjects were
asked to select the intensity of the stimulus to
be applied to their opponent. During this
condition areas related to the visually guided
motor response but also associated with social
interactive processing (Frith Frith, 1999) were
active (STS, right temporal pole, and dorsal
mPFC). We were especially interested in areas
correlating with the intensity of the applied
retaliation stimulus. These might be related to
increasingly conflicting behavior in high
provocative situations.
Wichtigste Ergebnisse Punkt für Punkt im Kontext
zu anderen Papers und in den bisherigen Stand
einbetten
31
Limitations
Was lief nicht optimal oder sollte besser
kontrolliert werden? Oft erst durch die Gutachter
vorgegeben....
32
Conclusion
In conclusion, this study points to differential
function of the medial prefrontal cortex whereas
the dorsal mPFC represents operations related to
conflict management and response selection in
aggression-provoking situations, the ventral mPFC
might be involved in affective processes
associated with compassion to the suffering
opponent.
In ein bis zwei Sätzen die wesentlichen
Ergebnisse nochmals am Schluss zusammenfassen
33
Evtl noch Ausblick
It seems both challenging and promising to extent
this study on reactive aggression to criminal
psychopaths - a group of persons who show
abnormalities in the processing of emotional
pictures (Muller et al., 2003) and conditional
learning (Veit et al, 2002, Birbaumer et al.,
2005). In these patients we would expect a
deficit of the ventral mPFC activation, mirroring
the known deficit in anticipation of the
opponents suffering (Rilling et al., 2002),
without a substantial change in the dorsal mPFC.
Given that psychophysiological responses are one
important constituent of emotions, biofeedback
training in these patients might enhance empathic
feelings by increasing their bodily response.
34
Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements We want to thank Dr. Susanne
Leiberg for correction of the manuscript and
Professor Tracy Trevorrov for help with the
English editing. This study was supported by the
DFG, SFB 437 F1.
Hier stehen MTAs Fördernde Institutionen Alle die
Korrektur gelesen haben und nicht drauf sind
35
References und Legends
je nach Journal
Tabellen meist hinter References
Figure legends am Ende des Haupttextes
Figures meist extra (meist jpg in akzeptabler
Auflösung)
Supplementary Files
36
letter to Editor
The enclosed manuscript Reactive aggression
induced in a social interactive
fMRI-experiment evidence for different roles of
the ventral and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex
by Lotze, M., Veit, R., Anders S. and Birbaumer
N. is the first study which provokes aggressive
behavior in a social interactive task during
functional imaging. Our findings have important
consequences for the understanding of reactive
aggression and may therefore be relevant for the
readers of Cerebral Cortex. We would like to
suggest the following reviewers
schreibt meist der Senior
37
...und dann viel Glück und Ausdauer um das Paper
durchzubekommen.
5 Versuche mit jeweils 1-2 Gutachterdurch- gängen
sind nicht ungewöhnlich wenn man mehr als 5
Punkte will ----