Introduction to Persuasive Speaking

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Introduction to Persuasive Speaking
Part 3 Process Outline Monroe Sequence
John E. Clayton Nanjing University, Spring, 2005
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Speech 1 Results
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Speech 1 Results
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Syllabus
02/28 Orientation Photos Communication
Speaking types purposes 03/07 Persuasion and
reasoning Peer Criticism 03/14 Speech 1 03/21
Writing process Outline components Monroe
Sequence 03/28 Movie Remember the Titans 04/04
Overcoming fear 04/11 Speech 2 04/18 Review of
speech 2 04/25 Selecting topic thesis 05/02
HOLIDAY NO CLASS 05/09 Researching
supporting material 05/16 Speech 3 05/23 Review
of speech 3 Speech delivery tips 05/30 Using
visual aids 06/06 Clean-up final review and
preparation for speech 4 06/13 Speech 4 06/20
Speech contest prep Final exam Evening speech
contest
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The Speech Writing Process
See Handout Monroes Motivated Sequence
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Process Flow
Topic
Purpose
Audience analysis
Research
Support materials
Organization
Outline
Visual aids
Practice
Present
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1. Select Narrow Subject

• Pick a Subject appropriate to the occasion.
• Narrow the subject to a topic suitable
• for a speech
• for the length of time
• for the type of audience that you have
• Remember that a speech is not an essay it must
  be kept simple and concise in order to be
  effective.

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2. Determine The Purpose

• Decide exactly what you hope to accomplish
• to tell us facts about a situation
• to convince us of a particular point of view
• to amuse us
• to stimulate us to do something
• etc.
• Your speech should support one basic objective,
  so you must decide what that objective is.

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3. Analyze Audience Occasion

• You must know
• what kind of people you will be speaking to
• roughly how many there will be
• what sort of room you will be in
• the audience's intellectual ability knowledge
• what other speakers of the day may be saying
  about the same subject.
• This will allow you to tailor your vocabulary,
  content, jokes, and tone of your speech to your
  specific audience. What works for one may not
  work for another.

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4. Gather Material (Research)

• Material can be gathered from books, magazines,
  newspapers, other speeches, Internet, etc.
• Establish your basic objective, then look for
  supporting material.
• Simple facts may be boring -- use examples,
  situations, and concrete comparisons to "enliven"
  the speech and make facts "real".

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Sample of Using Facts

• Boring fact "skyscraper X is 290 meters tall."
• More interesting relevant to audience
  "skyscraper X is five times taller than Hotel
  Saint George."
• This puts a concrete comparison into peoples'
  minds -- much more effective than a simple, dry
  fact or statistic.

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5. Make An Outline

• An outline will help
• organize your speech,
• establish the main points, and
• balance the supporting material for each point.

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6. Word the Speech

• Pay attention to the educational level and
  language competence of the audience in choosing
  your words.
• Consider words which might be "special" and need
  explanation to be clear.
• Try to avoid words which may have more than one
  meaning, unless you are using them for that
  purpose.
• Think about the ease of pronunciation of your
  words.

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7. Prepare the Manuscript

• Type double-spaced, with a large, "readable"
  typeface.
• Leave generous margins for last-minute notes or
  corrections.
• Underline phrases that you want to stress.
• Do not fasten the pages together. Number each
  page.

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8. Practice Aloud

• After your speech is written and ready, you must
  practice it aloud, to check --
• the rhythm of your phrasing and sentences
• the pronunciation of words
• the length of the speech
• This will also help you to be more confident in
  your speech delivery, and lessen nervousness
  during the actual occasion.

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9. Check the Room

• If possible, check the room before the speech.
• Note the size of the room and the acoustics.
• If there is a PA system, test it.
• Make sure you "fit" the podium.
• Can visual aids be seen from all parts of the
  room?
• Can you operate all necessary equipment?

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10. Delivery

• Remember to speak loudly enough.
• Take care with enunciation, pronunciation and
  phrasing required for speaking in large rooms.
• Plan and practice any gestures you want to use to
  reinforce points.

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11. Speaking Position

• Remember to position yourself properly at the
  rostrum, then pause for a moment longer before
  beginning your speech.
• After completing the speech, again pause briefly
  before acknowledging the "end" to the audience
  and stepping down from the rostrum.

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The Monroe Sequence
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The Monroe Sequence
The "Monroe Motivated Sequence" is intended to
motivate the audience to respond to the speaker's
purpose. In its most complete form, the
Motivated Sequence consists of five steps.
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The Monroe Sequence

• Attention
• Gain the attention of the audience
• 2. Need
• Create a need for change
• 3. Satisfaction
• Satisfy the need with a solution
• 4. Visualization
• Intensify desire for solution
• 5. Action
• Urge the audience to take action

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1. Attention
Functions To gain attention To secure good will
and respect To state your thesis and prepare the
audience for discussion of your
topic Methods Reference to a subject, event, or
occasion Personal greeting Rhetorical
question Startling statement/statistics Quotation
Humorous anecdote Illustration
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2. Need
Functions To describe the problem To make your
audience uncomfortable with the status
quo Methods Statements (backed by
evidence) Illustration Show ramifications
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3. Satisfaction
Functions To present a solution to the need
described Methods Statements (backed by
evidence) Explanation Theoretical
demonstration Practical experience Meeting
objections and potential counterarguments
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4. Visualization
Functions To intensify your audience's desire to
adopt the solution and action you propose To help
the audience "see" the results Methods Positive
method ("see" what will happen on
adoption) Negative method ("see" what will happen
if not adopted) Contrast method ("see" adoption
vs. non-adoption)
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5. Action
Functions To focus the thoughts of your
audience To motivate your audience to ACT To
leave the audience in a mood appropriate to your
topic Methods Challenge Summary Quotation
Illustration Personal Intention Inducement
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Speech Outline Summary

• Introduction (attention)
• Attention Getter
• Reveal Topic
• Relevancy
• Credibility
• Thesis Preview
• Main point 1 - (need) Why is this important?
• Reason 1
• Reason 2
• Main point 2 - (satisfaction) This is how we
  solve it...
• Example 1
• Example 2
• Main point 3 - (visualization) "How great it
  would be if..."
• Sample vision 1
• Sample vision 2
• Conclusion - (action) "This is what we have to
  do..."
• Action 1
• Action 2
• Review Main points

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Homework
Start working on speech 2 3 minutes, using a
Monroe outline Topic Argumentative Some
Current Event (note please avoid political or
religious topics)