2004-2005 Principles of Medical Science Pharmacology Review

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2004-2005Principles of Medical
SciencePharmacology Review
16 December 20131122 PM
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Amikacin

• Aminoglycoside antibioticBactericidal protein
  synthesis inhibitor
• 30S ribosomeFreezes initiation

3
Aminoglycosides

• AntibioticsBactericidal protein synthesis
  inhibitors
• 30S ribosomeFreeze initiation

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Amoxicillin

• Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis
  inhibitor Antiulcer
• Amino penicillinInhibits peptidoglycan
  cross-linking

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Ampicillin

• Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis
  inhibitor
• Amino penicillinInhibits peptidoglycan
  cross-linking

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Azithromycin

• Macrolide antibioticBacteriostatic protein
  synthesis inhibitor
• 50S ribosome Inhibits translocation

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Aztreonam

• New b lactam antibiotic
• Monobactam

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Bacitracin

• AntibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor
• Topical, not a b lactam, Inhibits
  dephosphorylation of bactoprenol

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Benzathine penicillin G

• Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis
  inhibitor
• Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking Repository
  preparation

10
Carbenicillin

• Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis
  inhibitor
• Anti-pseudomonal penicillinInhibits
  peptidoglycan cross-linking

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Cefaclor

• Cephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis
  inhibitor
• 2nd generationOral

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Cefadroxil

• Cephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis
  inhibitor
• 1st generationOral

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Cefepime

• Cephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis
  inhibitor
• 4th generationCSF penetration

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Cefotaxime

• Cephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis
  inhibitor
• 3rd generationCSF penetration

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Cefoxitin

• Cephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis
  inhibitor
• 2nd generation

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Ceftazidime

• Cephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis
  inhibitor
• 3rd generation

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Ceftriaxone

• Cephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis
  inhibitor
• 3rd generationCSF penetration

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Cefuroxime

• Cephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis
  inhibitor
• 2nd generationCSF penetration

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Cephalexin

• Cephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis
  inhibitor
• 1st generationOral

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Cephalosporins

• Antibioticsb lactam
• Cell wall synthesis inhibitorsInhibit
  cross-linking of peptidoglycan

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Cephalothin

• Cephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis
  inhibitor
• 1st generationOral

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Chloramphenicol

• AntibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis
  inhibitor
• 50S ribosomeInhibits peptide bond formation

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Ciprofloxacin

• Fluoroquinolone antibioticDNA replication
  inhibitor
• Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase

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Clarithromycin

• Macrolide antibioticBacteriostatic protein
  synthesis inhibitor Antiulcer
• 50S ribosomeInhibits translocation

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Clavulanic acid

• b-lactamase inhibitor
• Combined with antibacterials

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Clindamycin

• AntibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis
  inhibitor
• 50S ribosomeAnaerobic infections

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Cloxacillin

• Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis
  inhibitor
• Penicillinase resistant penicillinInhibits
  peptidoglycan cross-linking

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Cycloserine

• AntibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor
• Secondary TB drugInhibits formation of Park
  nucleotide

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Dapsone

• Sulfone antibioticNucleic acid andprotein
  synthesis inhibitor
• Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetaseLeprosy

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Doxycycline

• Tetracycline antibioticBacteriostatic protein
  synthesis inhibitor
• 30S ribosomePrevents aminoacyl tRNA attachment

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Erythromycin

• Macrolide antibioticBacteriostatic protein
  synthesis inhibitor
• 50S ribosomeInhibits translocation

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Fluorinated Quinolonesciprofloxacin, norfloxacin

• AntibioticsDNA replication inhibitors
• Inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase

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Gentamicin

• Aminoglycoside antibioticBactericidal protein
  synthesis inhibitor
• 30S ribosome Freezes initiation

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Imipenem/Cilastatin

• New b lactam antibiotic
• Cilastatin inhibits akidney dipeptidase that
  inactivates imipenem

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Linezolid

• Oxazolidinone antibioticProtein synthesis
  inhibitor
• 50S ribosomal subunit

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Macrolideserythromycin, azithromycin,
clarithromycin

• AntibioticsBacteriostatic protein synthesis
  inhibitors
• 50S ribosome

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Methicillin

• Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis
  inhibitor
• Pencillinase resistant penicillin Inhibits
  peptidoglycan cross-linking

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Metronidazole

• AntibioticAntiparasiticAntiulcer
• AnaerobesReduction leads to intermediatesthat
  damage DNA

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Minocycline

• Tetracycline antibioticBacteriostatic protein
  synthesis inhibitor
• 30S ribosomePrevents aminoacyl tRNA attachment

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Nafcillin

• Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis
  inhibitor
• Penicillinase resistant penicillinInhibits
  peptidoglycan cross-linking

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Neomycin

• Aminoglycoside antibioticBactericidal protein
  synthesis inhibitor
• 30S ribosomeFreezes initiationTopical

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Netilmicin

• Aminoglycoside antibioticBactericidal protein
  synthesis inhibitor
• 30S ribosomeFreezes initiation

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Norfloxacin

• Fluoroquinolone antibioticDNA replication
  inhibitor
• Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase

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Oxacillin

• Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis
  inhibitor
• Pencillinase resistant penicillinInhibits
  peptidoglycan cross-linking

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Oxytetracycline

• Tetracycline antibioticBacteriostatic protein
  synthesis inhibitor
• 30S ribosomePrevents aminoacyl tRNA attachment

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Para-aminosalicylic acid

• AntibioticNucleic acid andprotein synthesis
  inhibitor
• Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetaseSecondary TB
  drug

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Penicillins

• b lactam antibioticsCell wall synthesis
  inhibitors
• Inhibit cross-linking of peptidoglycan

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Penicillin G

• Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis
  inhibitor
• Acid labileInhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

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Penicillin V

• Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis
  inhibitor
• More acid resistant than Penicillin GInhibits
  peptidoglycan cross-linking

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Piperacillin

• Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis
  inhibitor
• Anti-pseudomonal penicillinInhibits
  peptidoglycan cross-linking

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Polymyxin B

• AntibioticDisrupts gram negative cell membrane
• Binds phosphatidylethanolamineBactericidal

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Probenecid

• Uricosuric
• Adjunct in penicillin therapy

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Procaine Penicillin G

• Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis
  inhibitor
• Repository preparationInhibits peptidoglycan
  cross-linking

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Quinopristin/Dalfopristin

• Streptogramin antibioticProtein synthesis
  inhibitor
• 50S ribosomal subunit

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Rifampin

• AntibioticNucleic acid synthesis inhibitor
• Inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymeraseMajor drug
  for TB

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Silver sulfadiazine

• Sulfonamide antibioticMicrobial nucleic acidand
  protein synthesis inhibitor
• Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetaseTopical

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Spectinomycin

• AntibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis
  inhibitor
• 30S ribosome

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Streptomycin

• Aminoglycoside antibioticBactericidal protein
  synthesis inhibitor
• 30S ribosomeFreezes initiation

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Sulfacetamide

• Sulfonamide antibioticMicrobial nucleic acidand
  protein synthesis inhibitor
• Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetaseTopical

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Sulfadoxine

• Sulfonamide antibioticMicrobial nucleic acidand
  protein synthesis inhibitor
• Dihydropteroate synthetase inhibitor

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Sulfamethoxazole

• Sulfonamide antibioticMicrobial nucleic acidand
  protein synthesis inhibitor
• Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase

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Sulfisoxazole

• Sulfonamide antibioticNucleic acid andprotein
  synthesis inhibitor
• Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase

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Sulfonamides

• AntibioticsNucleic acid andprotein synthesis
  inhibitors
• Inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase

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Tetracycline

• AntibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis
  inhibitor Antiulcer
• 30S ribosomePrevents aminoacyl tRNA attachment

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Ticarcillin

• Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis
  inhibitor
• Anti-pseudomonal penicillinInhibits
  peptidoglycan cross-linking

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Tobramycin

• Aminoglycoside antibioticBactericidal protein
  synthesis inhibitor
• 30S ribosomeFreezes initiation

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Trimethoprim

• AntibioticProtein and nucleic acidsynthesis
  inhibitor
• Folic acid antagonistInhibits bacterial
  dihydrofolate reductase

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Vancomycin

• AntibioticInhibits cell wall synthesis
• Not a b lactam