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AHON Chapter 21 Section 3 Lecture Notes

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Objectives Understand the setbacks that the Allies faced in 1917 and 1918. Discover how American forces contributed to the Allied victory. Explain the agreement that ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: AHON Chapter 21 Section 3 Lecture Notes


1
Objectives
  • Understand the setbacks that the Allies faced in
    1917 and 1918.
  • Discover how American forces contributed to the
    Allied victory.
  • Explain the agreement that ended the fighting.

2
Terms and People
  • convoy a large group of merchant vessels sailing
    together
  • John J. Pershing Commander of the American
    Expeditionary Force
  • Vladimir Lenin Bolshevik leader who seized
    control of Russias government in 1917

3
Terms and People (continued)
  • communism an economic and political system based
    on the idea that social classes and the right to
    private property should be eliminated
  • armistice a halt in fighting that allows peace
    talks to begin

4
How did the arrival of American troops in Europe
affect the course of the war?
After Congress declared war, it took over a year
for the U.S. to engage in major battles.
American soldiers quickly helped bring about an
overwhelming Allied victory.
5
In 1917, U.S. forces prepared to go overseas. The
U.S. Army chose John J. Pershing to lead American
troops in Europe.
He wanted American troops to fight in separate
units under U.S. command.
This would show the world that the U.S. could
stand on its own.
6
Meanwhile, German submarines attacked ships
bringing supplies from the U.S. to the Allies.
More than 11 million tons of Allied shipments
were destroyed and nearly 14,000 people were
killed.
7
Allied naval leaders had destroyers sail in
convoy with supply ships for protection.
Allied ship losses fell dramatically.
8
U.S. troops joined the Allies in June 1917, but
the Allies continued to face setbacks.
9
On November 7, 1917, a radical group called the
Bolsheviks seized control of Russia.
The new leader, Vladimir Lenin, embraced the
ideas of communism.
Workers should unite to overthrow the ruling
class.
Social classes and private property should be
eliminated.
10
Losing Russia was a huge setback for the Allies.
Lenin pulled Russia out of the war and made peace
with Germany.
Russia gave Germany land on the Western Front.
Germany moved many troops into its new territory.
11
In March 1918, Germany began a series of attacks
called the peace offensive. In June, the
Germans broke through Allied lines in Belgium and
France.
Pershing pledged that U.S. troops would now fight
under French command.
U.S. troops arrived to reinforce the Allies.
12
In the summer of 1918, U.S. troops helped turn
the tide for the Allies.
In July, the Allies defeated the Germans in
France.
The Allies began an offensive.
By November, they were advancing on Germany.
13
Germanys leaders realized that their cause was
lost. They decided to seek an armistice.
France and Britain wanted to impose a harsh
settlement.
President Wilson proposed a peace plan based on
international cooperation.
France and Britain dictated the terms of the
armistice.
14
The terms of the armistice were harsh. Germany
was forced to
Pull back its troops from the Western Front
Hand over all of its U-boats
Cancel its peace treaty with Russia
President Wilson also demanded that Germanys
leader, Kaiser Wilhelm II, step down.
The Kaiser fled, and Germany became a republic.
15
The armistice took effect at 11 A.M. on November
11, 1918.
The war had ended. Soldiers could hardly believe
it.
Soldiers returned home. Millions had been
severely wounded.
16
World War I was the most destructive war history
had yet seen.
It cost the lives of 10 million military
personnel.
Some historians believe just as many civilians
died.
17
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