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Biology

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BIOLOGY 328 LAB Plants and People Objective To understand what a fruit is To study different parts of fruit To learn different types of fruits Background ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Biology


1
Biology 328 Lab
  • Plants and People

2
Objective
  • To understand what a fruit is
  • To study different parts of fruit
  • To learn different types of fruits

3
Background
4
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5
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6
Different parts of a fruit
  • Exocarp Outermost layer
  • Endocarp Innermost layer
  • Mesocarp Middle layer
  • Pericarp - All three layers not recognizable
  • Rind - Thick leathery covering exocarp (eg,
    water melons) or fusion of exocarp and mesocarp
    (eg. Orange)
  • Accessory fruit Fruits not derived from ovary
  • e.g. apple

7
Classification of fruits
  • Simple fruit Fruit from a single flower and
    single ovary
  • Aggregate fruit Fruit from a single flower but
    several ovaries eg. Blackberry, strawberry
  • Multiple fruit Fruit from multiple flowers in
    the same peduncle eg. Pineapple, Mulberry

8
Simple fruits
  • Dry dehiscent fruit Pericarp dries and splits
    open when ripe.
  • Follicle 1 locule that splits along one suture
  • e.g. Sweet gum
  • Legume/pod 1 locule and splits along 2 sutures
  • e.g. Beans
  • Capsule 3 or more locules and splits in 3 or
    more sutures
  • e.g. Okra

9
Simple fruits
  • Dry indehiscent fruit Pericarp dries but does
    not split when ripe
  • Samara 1 or 2 seeded with pericarp flattened
    into wings e.g. maple
  • Grain/Caryopsis 1 seeded fruit with seed
    fused to pericarp e.g. corn
  • Achene 1 seeded fruit with seed free from
    pericarp
  • e.g. sunflower
  • Nut 1 seeded fruit enclosed in husk
  • e.g. Pecan

10
Simple fruits
  • Fleshy fruit- Pericarp doesn't dry when ripe
  • Berry entire pericarp is fleshy e.g. Grape
  • Pepo Exocarp is a hard rind e.g. Melons
  • Hesperidium Exocarp and mesocarp is a hard
    rind, endocarp has juice vesicles e.g. Orange
  • Drupe or stone a single seeded fruit fuzzy or
    smooth skin, fleshy mesocarp and a hard stony
    endocarp
  • e.g. Peach
  • Pome Fleshy receptacle, hypanthium with papery
    pericarp e.g. Apple

11
Todays Lab
  • Carefully examine the fruits, paying special
    attention to their morphology, structure, family
    and scientific name, and geographic origin.
    During the exercise, answer the following
    questions for each fruit observed.
  • 1. What is the fruit type?
  • 2. How many carpels are present?
  • 3. How might they might be dispersed in nature.

12
Summary
  • Todays Lab
  • Types of fruits and characteristics
  • Next weeks lab Major Families I
  • Quiz on Fruits
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