Education

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Unit 4

• Education

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Text A

• Conversation Registering at the Local College
• ?????????

3

• register????(??)??register a birth
  ????.register a letter (get a letter registered)
  ???? (a registered letter ?????)register
  (oneself) with the police ??????
• ?????? to register for the entrance examination
  to..university
• local

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• local ???,???,???local authority
  (?,?,??)????.local customs ??????.a local
  government ????.local news ????.
• local protectionism ??????
• We feel confident that our experience and local
  knowledge will enable us to give you entire
  satisfaction, whenever you may require our
  services. ????,????????????,????????????

5

• The first thing Ann needs to do in the university
  is register after she arrives, but she has some
  problems with it. Rita, her roommates, is helping
  her out.

6

• The first thing Ann needs to do in the university
  is register after she arrives
• ?????????????????that
• is register be???????????,??register???to???????
  ?? all, what ????????????only, first, one, least
  ?????????,???????do?,???????????,?????to?All I
  did was empty the bottle. ????????????What I
  wanted to do was drive all night. ??????????
  The only thing I could do was do it myself ?
  ?????????????

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???????to

• ??????????????,?????????????????????,??to?????
• ???????????????????to,??????????????feel,
  listen to ?hear ,let?make?have,
  see?watch?notice?observe?look at. He noticed
  Tom take a branch of flowers in his hand.
  ???????????????The teacher has us write a
  composition every week. ?????????????   
  ??let ??????????????to?The person was seen to
  enter the shop by us .  ??????????????

8

• ????? may well do,may as well do
  (????)?but?except??????,???????do????to,????can
  not do but,can not help but???,We might as
  well put up here for tonight. ?????????????
  She can do nothing but/except sing.
  ???????????There is nothing he could do but play
  all day long? ??????,???????

9

• ????help???????????,??to?????Can I help(to)
  carry it for you? ????????I helped him(to)
  mend the bike. ?????????

10

• ?had better,would rather,rather than????to?You'd
  better not tell him the news .
  ?????????????Rather than wait for anyone, I
  decided to go home by taxi. ??????????????????

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• ?????and,except, but, than, or ???????????????????
  ??,??????????to? Id like to stay with you,
  help you and learn from you. ??????????,????????
  ??She told us to stay at home and wait till she
  came back. ?????????????????

12

• ????????????????,?????to.To try and fail is
  better than not to try at all.  ????????????He
  hasn't decided whether to quit or to stay.
  ????????????To be or not to be, that is a
  question. ???????,???????

13

• Why?Why not ????????????????,??to?    Why not go
  out for a walk ? ???????????  
• ???discover, imagine, suppose,
  think???????,????to be???  He is supposed (to
  be) nice. ????????

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??

• You had better ______ your hair cut.A. had   B.
  have   C to get   D to have
• He ______ live in the country than in the
  city.A. prefers    B. likes to   
• C. had better   D. would rather

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• Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works
  hard.  A. learn B. to learn C. learned D.
  learning
• He wants to believe anything but___ the medicine.
  A. to take B. takes C. take D. takes

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• but she has some problems with it
• have some problems/ have a problem with
  ????,???
• e.g.
• Every country may have some problems with funny
  money. ??????????????
• She must have a lot of problems with the
  language.    ?????????????
• We have a problem with our living arrangements. 
    ???????????. When you know you have a problem
  with stress, try to solve it one step at a time. 
    ?????????,????????

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• Rita, her roommates, is helping her out.
• help out ??...????,????My father helped me out
  when I lost my job. ??????????????
• He's always willing to help out when we're short
  of staff. ?????????, ???????.
• help to??,??
• It will help to improve your speaking.   
  ?????????????
• His testimony would help to clear up any doubt. 
    ??????????????

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??

• The first thing Ann needs to do in the university
  is register after she arrives, but she has some
  problems with it. Rita, her roommates, is helping
  her out.
• ???,????????
• ????????,???
• ????????????
• ???

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• Rita Ann, you look upset. Whats up? Anything I
  can help you with?
• Ann The invitation letter says I should register
  after I arrive, but I cant find how.

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• you look upset
• upset vt. ???,???
• The news quite upset him.?????????.She is
  easily upset emotionally.????????.

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conversation skill

• Whats up?
• Whats up??How are you doing? Hows it
  going???Whats new?,???????????,???whats
  going on?/what are you up to? ??????/????
  ???????????????????,????????,???Nothing?Not
  much.
• ??????????,??????????Whats up????????,Whats
  up?????Hello?
• What's up?"????????????,????????,?????,????????

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conversation skill

• Anything I can help you with? ??????,? offering
  help?????
• A Is there anything I can do?
• B Thanks, but I can manage.
• A Well, let me know if I can be of any help.
• B Thank you for your kindness.

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offering help

• A Shall I carry your baggage to your room?
• B Yes, please.
• A I'd like to recommend a good dentist.
• B Thanks. Who do you recommend?
• A Do you need help?
• B Would you mind putting my bag up on the rack?

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• The invitation letter says I should register
  after I arrive, but I cant find how.
• invitation letter ???
• invitation n. ??
• should ????, ?ought to ??"??"???,????????
  ---Ought he to go? ---Yes. I think he ought
  to. ????,???,??? should(??)?had
  better??)?must(??)???
• but I cant find how???,??????????,?to register.

25
??

• Rita Ann, you look upset. Whats up? Anything I
  can help you with?
• Ann The invitation letter says I should register
  after I arrive, but I cant find how.
• ???,????????????????????
• ??????????????,?????????????

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• Rita OK, let me tell you what you need to do.
  You should first go to the International Student
  Center to inform them of your arrival. Then
  register at the Information Center and get your
  ID card and PIN number.

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• let me tell you what you need to do
• let sb. do sth. ?do????????to
• ???tell?????you?????what you need to do
• You should first then
• first then ??????(sequence)?
• more expressions for sequence

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Sequence

• Firstly
• The first step is
• First of all
• The first stage is
• To begin with,
• ... begins with
• Initially
• ... commences with
• Beforehand

• Before this
• Previously
• Prior to this
• Earlier
• At the same time,
• During
• Simultaneously
• When this happens 
• While  

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sequence

• Secondly, Thirdly etc
• After this,
• Next,
• The next step is
• Then,
• In the next stage
• Subsequently
• In the following stage,
• Later
• Following this

•  As soon as the committee has finished its work,
  ...  
• Eventually,
• ... until ...
• Lastly
• ... finishes with ...
• Finally,
• concludes with
• In the last stage,
• The last step is ...

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• the International Student Center?????(responsible
  for students from other countries)
• inform them of your arrival
• inform???????
• inform oneself of (????)??
• inform sb of sth ???????
• be well informed about sth ???????
• You will be informed of the details at the
  appropriate time. ?????????????

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• the Information Center ????
• ID card ???
• student ID card
• ???
• PIN number

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??

• Rita OK, let me tell you what you need to do.
  You should first go to the International Student
  Center to inform them of your arrival. Then
  register at the Information Center and get your
  ID card and PIN number.
• ???,?????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????PIN??

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• Ann Whats PIN number?
• Rita Its your Personal Identification Number.
  Everyone in the university has one. With it, you
  can use all the online resources on and off
  campus.

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• Personal Identification Number ???????
• personaladj. ???
• a personal letter ????.my personal affairs
  ????personal history ??a personal opinion ????

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• identification?????
• an identification card ???He used a letter of
  introduction as identification.??????????????.
• identify v. ??,?? e.g. identify the voice
  ????identify oneself vi.???????

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• With it, you can use all the online resources on
  and off campus.
• it pron. ???????PIN number
• online resources ????
• online??? help ???? shopping ????
• resource??????????resources in coal and
  iron?????.develop natural resources??????.a
  country rich in resources???????.

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??

• Ann Whats PIN number?
• Rita Its your Personal Identification Number.
  Everyone in the university has one. With it, you
  can use all the online resources on and off
  campus.
• ???? PIN ??
• ?????????????????????????????,?????????????????

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• Ann I just need to punch it in, and then I can
  enter the numbers of the courses I want, right?
• Rita You got it.
• Ann What about the library? What do I need to do
  to use the library?

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• I just need to punch it in
• punch To depress (a key or button, for example)
  in order to activate a device or perform an
  operation??????????????????(??,????)
• punch the repeat key ?????
• punch in the number on the computer. ?????????

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• You got it. ????????????
• You got it. Thats the way it is.    ????????????
• Wrong, but you almost got it. Guess
  again.?,?????????????

41
??

• Ann I just need to punch it in, and then I can
  enter the numbers of the courses I want, right?
• Rita You got it.
• Ann What about the library? What do I need to do
  to use the library?
• ??????????,?????????????,???
• ?????
• ????????????????????

42

• Rita First, you should go to the reception room.
  The staff will give you a form to fill out, which
  must be signed by your host department. After you
  return the completed form, you should be able to
  check the library
• resources and
• borrow books
• with you ID card.

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• First, you should go to the reception room.
• reception room ???
• reception n.??,??,??the reception of the
  guests??(??)??.meet with a warm
  reception??????.The new book had a favourable
  reception.???????.

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• The staff will give you a form to fill out, which
  must be signed by your host department.
• staff n. (??)????(??)??the teaching staff of
  a school???????.the medical staff (of a
  hospital)(???)????.the editorial staff???.a
  member of the staff a staff member????.

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• fill out a form ??
• sign v.??,???sign a treaty (contract, letter)
  ???(????)???.sign ones name to a check ??????
• host department??????
• host??,???act as host at a dinner party
  ???????.the host country for the Olympic Games
  ??????.Each of them lives with a Chinese host
  family. ???????????????

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• ,which must be signed ????????
• ??????????????????????????????????,??????????????
  ???????????????,?????????????,?????????????,??
  This is the house which we bought last month.
  ??????????????(???) The house, which we bought
  last month, is very nice.???????,?????????(????)

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• ???????????????????????,???????????????,??
  Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired
  last year. ??????????,????????? My house,
  which I bought last year, has got a lovely
  garden. ??????????????????? This novel, which
  I have read three times, is very touching.
  ???????,????????

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• ????????????????????, ??????, ????????????????,??
  He seems not to have grasped what I meant,
  which greatly upsets me. ??????????,??????
  Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called
  evaporation. ???????,?????????????that?????why?
  ????????????

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• ??
• Friendship is needed by all, _____ plays an
  important role in peoples lives.
• A. which B. that C. who D. it
• Teachers, _____ work is rather hard, are being
  better paid than before.
• A. who B. that C. which D. whose

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• Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his
  carelessness in his work ?
• A. he explained B. what he explained
• C. how he explained D. why he explained
• Uncle Li _____ I worked three years ago has
  retired now.
• A. who B. whom
• C. with whom D. to whom

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• After you return the completed form, you should
  be able to check the library resources and borrow
  books with you ID card.
• the completed form???????,???????????,???????????
  ???? Most of the people invited to the party
  were famous scientists. Most of the artists
  invited to the party were from South Africa.

52

• ??
• The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a
  foreign language came out in the 16th century.
  A. have written B. to be written
• C. being written D. written
• Whats the language ____ in Germany? A. speaking
  B. spoken
• C. be spoken D. to speak

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• be able to ??
• able adj. ????,?????? e.g.
• an able man ??????an able speech ???????
• The President had to quit his job for he wasnt
  able to deal with the crisis. ????????????,?????
• His letter was to the effect that he wouldnt be
  able to come back till next spring.
  ??????????????????

54
??

• Rita First, you should go to the reception room.
  The staff will give you a form to fill out, which
  must be signed by your host department. After you
  return the completed form, you should be able to
  check the library resources and borrow books with
  you ID card.
• ????,??????,?????????????,??????????????????????,
  ???????????????????????

55

• Ann So easy? Must I pay for these services?
• Rita Not at all. In fact, with the ID card, you
  can even take buses in the town free of charge.
  Thats the university welfare.
• Ann Thats great! Thank you so much for helping
  me out of this.

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• Must I pay for these services?
• must ????,????
• He said that they must work hard. ???????????
• You mustnt tell him about this. ?????????????
• ????????
• --Must I return the book in 2 weeks?
• -- Yes, you must. /No, you neednt.
• must??????

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must????

• 1) must???????????????,?????
• 2) must????????????????????, must ????????be
  ????????????? You have worked hard all day.You
  must be tired. ???????,?????(??????????)He must
  be working in his office. ????????????? He
  must be staying there. ?????????? He must stay
  there. ???????

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• 3) must ?????????????,must ?????? I didnt hear
  the phone. I must have been asleep.
  ?????????,????????
• 4) must????????????????,must ?????????? ---Why
  didn't you answer my phone call? ---Well, I
  must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.
• 5) ?????can't? If Tom didn't leave here until
  five o'clock, he can't be home yet.
  ???????????,??????????

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• In fact, with the ID card, you can even take
  buses in the town free of charge.
• free of charge ??
• chargen. ??,??????
• hotel charge ???.a charge for trouble ???.at
  ones own charge ??.Your charges are too high.
  ????????.
• This firm provided a back-up service free of
  charge.    ?????????????
• The food on board is free of charge.
  ?????????????

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• Thats the university welfare.
• welfare n. ????public welfare ????.national
  welfare and peoples livelihood ????.be
  concerned about ones welfare ???????.live (be)
  on welfare ???????.
• a welfare state ????.welfare work ????

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• Thats great! Thank you so much for helping me
  out of this.
• showing thanks Thanks for (doing) sth.
• Many thanks for the hospitality you showed me.   
  ???????????
• Thanks for your information and for being so
  helpful.    ????????????? 
• I would like to express my thanks for all that
  you have done. ???????????????
• Accept my thanks for your handsome present.
  ????,?????

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• Ann So easy? Must I pay for these services?
• Rita Not at all. In fact, with the ID card, you
  can even take buses in the town free of charge.
  Thats the university welfare.
• Ann Thats great! Thank you so much for helping
  me out of this.
• ?????????????????
• ?????????,??????,??????????????????????????
• ????!?????????????

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Idiomatic study Offering Help

• In a formal situation
• Id be glad/ happy to help you
• Is there anything I can do to help?
• May I help you?
• In an informal situation
• (Do you) need any help?
• (Do you) want a hand?
• Let me help you__________.
• What can I do to help?

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• Responding to an offer
• If you dont mind.
• If its no trouble.
• That would be great.
• I really appreciate it.
• No, thanks. I can manage by myself.

65
End of Conversation
66
Text B

• Nine-year Compulsory Education in China??????????

67

• compulsory adj. ??????,??????,???compulsory
  education????.Is military service compulsory in
  your country???????????????Which subjects are
  compulsory in your department?????????????

68

• The law of compulsory education in China came
  into effect on July 1, 1986, requiring each child
  to have nine years of formal education. Chinas
  nine-year compulsory education is composed of two
  parts six years in primary school and three
  years in junior middle school.

69
Language Study

• The law of compulsory education in China came
  into effect on July 1, 1986, requiring each child
  to have nine years of formal education.
• law of compulsory education ?????
• come into effect ??,???
• ??The new tax regulations came into effect last
  month. ???????????
• The contract will come into effect as soon as it
  is signed. ??????????????

70

• requiring ???????
• ????
• ???The children ran out of the room, laughing
  and talking merrily.
• ???Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave
  them a note.
• ???The bus was held up by snowstorm, thus
  causing the delay.

71

• ???On arriving in London, he managed to get in
  touch with her.
• ???Turning to the left, you will find the path
  leading to the site.
• ??
• 1) ???????????????
• 2) ???????????????????????????
• 3) ???????????,????????????????????
• 4) ????????????????????while?when???

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• require v. to need or make necessary ??,??
• require sth. ????
• certain failures will require immediate
  attention.    ?????????????
• require doing require to be done ???
• The budgets of several departments will require
  cutting.    ?????????????

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• require sb. to do sth. ???????
• The committee required him to examine the
  accident and submit a report. ???????????????????
• require sth. of sb. ??????
• Ill do whatever is required of me. ??????????
• require that sb. (should) do ???????
• It is required that you arrive at 8
  am.?????8????.

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• formal education ????,????
• formal ??????????pay a formal call
  on???????.A contract is a formal
  agreement.???????????.

75

• Chinas nine-year compulsory education is
  composed of two parts six years in primary
  school and three years in junior middle school.
• be composed of ??? (be made up of)
• e.g.
• The sea is mainly composed of water and
  salt.??????????.Water is composed of hydrogen
  and oxygen.???????.

76

• primary school?? (or elementary school)
• primary adj.???,???,??????e.g. a primary
  election ??.We are friends since primary school.
  ???????????
• junior middle school??
• junior?????????????a junior high
  school?????.junior members of the staff
  ????(????).a junior officer ????
• ??senior?????????????
• senior middle school ??

77
??

• ?????????1986?7?1?????,????????9??????????????????
  ???????????????????

78

• All children reaching the age of six can enter a
  primary school. In areas where junior middle
  school education is available to all, all primary
  school graduates can go on to junior middle
  school without entrance examinations. In China,
  nine years of compulsory education is provided
  for close to 200 million children.

79

• All children reaching the age of six can enter a
  primary school.
• reaching the age of six???????
• ???????????????????A.??????????,?????????????B
  .??????????,????????,????(??)???

80
?????

• ??He rushed into the burning house.?????????????
  The child standing over there is my
  brother.?????????????The room facing south is
  our classroom.????????????Have you got your
  repaired watch?????????????He is an advanced
  teacher.????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????

81

• In areas where junior middle school education is
  available to all, all primary school graduates
  can go on to junior middle school without
  entrance examinations.
• available adj. ???????,????????available
  ingredients ????.employ all available means
  ?????????????.a surplus available for export
  ????????.Ill send you all the periodicals
  available. ??????????????.

82

• graduate n. ???
• My scheme, or dream, is to be a university
  graduate. ????,????,????,?????????????
• a graduate of Oxford ?????
• go on to junior middle school?????,??on????
• entrance examination????
• entrance n. ??
• To register for the entrance examination to
  university ??..??I wonder if Norton s still
  studying for his entrance exam.
  ???Norton??????????????

83

• In China, nine years of compulsory education is
  provided for close to 200 million children.
• ????
• provide sth. for sb. ????? provide sb. with sth.
  ?provide sb. sth.
• provide food and clothes for ones family
  provide ones family with food and
  clothes???????,????
• close to ?? e.g. a state close to hysteria
  ???????????? There are close to 20 students in
  the classroom. ???????20????

84
??

• ????6??????????????????????????????,??????????????
  ?,??2??????9???????

85

• The government plays a dominant role in school
  education, while private social circles play a
  supplementary role. Full-time primary and middle
  schools run by the state are the main providers
  of primary and middle school education. At the
  same time, private social circles are encouraged
  to pool funds to start and run primary and middle
  schools. Schools are open to all students, with
  enrollment subject to area restrictions only.

86

• The government plays a dominant role in school
  education, while private social circles play a
  supplementary role.
• play a role ????? e.g.
• Did birth order play a role in success?   
  ????????????
• Does education play an important role in
  reducing juvenile delinquents return to crime?
  ???????????,???????????
• Foreign newspapers and magazines say that I play
  a role in it. ???????????????????

87

• dominant adj. ???????
• the dominant partner of a business???????????.t
  he dominant partner of a business ???????????
• have a dominant influence ???????
• His dominant trait was to take all things into
  earnest consideration. ?????????????????????????

88

• while??????????,??????  ?
• I went swimming while the others played tennis.
  ????,????????????
• Air is a fluid but not a liquid, while water is
  both a fluid and a liquid. ?????????,?????????
• Some people waste food while others havent
  enough. ??????????????????
• ?????,while??????????,?????????? ?

89

• While most children learn to read easily, some
  need extra help. ????????????,?????????????
• While some languages have 30 or more different
  vowel sounds, others have five or less.
  ?????30???????,???????5????????
• ??In some places women are expected to earn
  money _________ men work at home and raise their
  children.
• A. but     B. while       C. because   D. though

90

• ????,??????? ?
• While the work was difficult, it was interesting.
  ???????,?????
• While we dont agree we continue to be friends.
  ????????,???????
• While I did well in class, I was a poor performer
  at games. ???????,???????
• While a few became richer, many did not.
  ???????????,?????????
• ??_________ the Internet is of great help, I
  dont think its a good idea to spend too much
  time on it.
• A. If     B. While     C. Because D. As

91
more about while

• ????????,????
• When, while, as???????????
• ????????"????"?,?????????????? 1.when(at or
  during the time that)??????????,?????????(a point
  of time),???????(a period of time)??when?,????????
  ????????,?????????,??when?????? When the clock
  struck twelve, all the lights went
  out.????????,??????? He raised his hat when he
  saw her.????????,???????

92

• while (during the time that)???????,???????????whi
  le?,?????????????????,??????????????????????????,?
  ????????????????????????while?when???????
  Strike while the iron is hot.????? When we
  arrived in Beijing, it was raining.
  (arrive????????)???????,??????

93

• ??when?while??????,???????????????be,??as?????????
  ????? Wood gives much smoke while (it is)
  burning.??????????? He fell asleep while (he
  was) studying his grammar book.??????????????
  While in London, he studied music.???????,?????
  When (they are) heated, metals expand.????????

94

• when?while????????when???,?????,???while??whil
  e????,??,??????? The Queen will visit the
  town in May, when she will open the new
  hospital.??????????,???????????????? Soon the
  water in the flask will boil, when you may pour
  some cold water over it.????????????,?????????????
  Some materials are weldable, while others are
  not.????????,???????????
• The enemy rots with every passing day, while
  for us things are getting better daily.
  ????????,?????????

95

• as (at the same moment that)????when??,???????????
  ???????,???"????","??"?as?????? Kate read
  the book as she went along.???????? As the car
  moved faster and faster, it gained more and more
  kinetic energy.???????????,???????????? We took
  notes as we listened to the lecture.??????????
  As it became more common for women to work
  outside the house, men began to share the
  housework.?????????,???????????

96

• private school circles ??????
• private adj.?????????a private school
  ????.private organizations ????.
• circle n.(????????????)??,???...?have a
  large circle of friends ????.academic (cultural,
  theatrical) circles ??(??,??)?.fashionable
  circles ???????(????)????.

97

• supplementary adj. ???
• a reader supplementary to a textbook ????????
• Supplementary Provisions  ??
• supplementary explanation ??????
• Supplementary details    ?? 
• There is no supplementary charge the price is
  all - inclusive . ?????, ????????????
• ?????????? the supplementary measures to put an
  end to arbitrary price hikes
• ??????,?????? make the market economy primary and
  the planned economy supplementary

98

• Full-time primary and middle schools run by the
  state are the main providers of primary and
  middle school education.
• full-time???? e.g. a full-time job?????,a
  full-time librarian???????
• In her later years she gave herself over to
  writing full-time.    ???????. 

99

• run by the state ??????
• run???????????run a school ????.run a
  business ????.run extra trains during the rush
  hours???????????.run a campaign ??????.
• are the main providers of
• main adj. ??? the main body (??)?? the main
  line(??)?????the main street ??,??,????.
• provider n. ??? e.g Government has become a
  substantial provider of manufacturing finance.   
  ?????????????????

100

• At the same time, private social circles are
  encouraged to pool funds to start and run primary
  and middle schools.
• at the same time ?? ??
• A man cannot whistle and drink at the same time.
  ??????????????(????????)?
• You cannot sneeze (???) and keep your eyes open
  at the same time ??????????????
• It will cost a lot of money. At the same time, I
  think we shall need it. ?????????,??????????

101

• encourage sb. to do sth. ???????
• He discovered it enough to encourage him to
  speak.    ?????????????
• A joint venture is encouraged to market its
  products outside China . ???????????????????????
  
• The reader is encouraged to find this out for
  himself.    ???????????????

102

• pool funds ????
• pool v. (?????)??(??,??,???)??,??
• pool our resources ????
• The problem is, you know, how to pool enough
  money. ???,???,?????????
• We're going to pool our efforts. Shall we count
  you in?    ???????, ?????????
• fund n. (????)????school funds ????(??)
• a scholarship fund ?????

103

• Schools are open to all students, with enrollment
  subject to area restrictions only.
• be open to sb. ?????,??
• Goods are open to free purchase.    ???????
• The bar is open to non-residents.    ??????.
• be open to misconstruction ???????
• enrollment n.????????The school has an
  enrollment of 400 students.?????????????.

104

• subject adj.???,?...????, ????
• be subject to taxation ???
• Social scientists have long realized that human
  behaviors are subject to many variables.
  ????,???????????????????????
• This offer is subject to our final confirmation.
  ?????????????
• area restrictions ????
• restriction n.??????restriction of
  expenditure ????.without restriction
  ????.impose (place) restrictions on foreign
  trade ??????.

105
??

• ?????????????????,????????????????????????????????
  ???????????,???????????????????????????,??????????
  ?

106

• The curriculum is designed to ensure an all-round
  development of the students moral, intellectual,
  physical and aesthetic well being, based upon
  cognitive learning and the developmental needs of
  children at different ages. It lays emphasis on
  the integrity of the course knowledge, social
  life, and the students experience.

107

• The curriculum is designed to ensure an all-round
  development of the students moral, intellectual,
  physical and aesthetic well being, based upon
  cognitive learning and the developmental needs of
  children at different ages.
• ??????The curriculum is designed to ,based
  upon
• curriculum n. ?? e.g. curriculum planning
  ????,curriculum design ????
• extracurricular adj. ??? activities ????

108

• design v. ??
• design an engine (a house) ??????(????).design
  dresses for a famous shop ????????????.a book
  designed mainly for use in colleges?????????????.
  
• ensure v. ??,??
• I cant ensure that he will be there in time.   
  ????????????? 
• In order to ensure success we must have a
  complete and thorough plan. ??????,
  ??????????????
• ????,????? Develop the economy and ensure
  supplies.

109

• all-round development ????
• all-round adj. ???
• all-round sportsman    ?????
• ????????,?????????We should speed up all-round
  social progress and promot the all-round
  development of people.   
• ??????????? Social undertakings have witnessed
  all-round development.

110

• moral adj. ??? e.g. moral character ?? moral
  culture ?? moral duty ????moral sense ???
• intellectual adj. ??? e.g. intellectual education
  ?? intellectual powers ??intellectual
  investment ????
• physical adj. ??? e.g. physical education
  (training, culture) ?? physical exercise
  ????(??) a physical examination ???? physical
  labour ????.
• aesthetic adj. ??,??? e.g. aesthetic education
  ????aesthetic design ???? aesthetic value
  ????aesthetic enjoyment ????

111

• well being??,??,??
• to chant for the well being of mankind ??????????
• Stress, if continuous, can effect your physical,
  mental, and emotional well being.   
  ?????????,???????????????
• to achieve the equality, freedom, and well -
  being of the common citizens of a
  state????????????????????
• the well being of a country ???????

112

• It lays emphasis on the integrity of the course
  knowledge, social life, and the students
  experience.
• lay emphasis on (upon) ??
• ??????????? Lay Emphasis on Improving Citizens'
  Scientific Quality
• ???? lay emphasis on implementation
• We must lay emphasis on this problem.???????????
• emphasis n. ?? emphasize v. ??

113

• integrity??(?)??(?)
• territorial integrity ????.
• The ancient pagoda is still there,but not in its
  integrity. ??????,??????.
• maintain the integrity of the whole ????????
• integrity?????????????a man of integrity
  ????moral integrity ??,??
• people of unyielding integrity ??

114
??

• ????????????????????????,???????????????????????,?
  ????????????????????

115

• Chinas reform policy has enabled the spread of
  education in poor and remote areas. Nationwide,
  99 of Chinese children attend primary schools.
  In 1989, China launched two ambitious projects
  Project Hope and Spring Bud Project. These two
  projects have helped children, esp. girls, in
  poor areas to attend schools.

116

• Chinas reform policy has enabled the spread of
  education in poor and remote areas.
• reform n. ??
• land reform ????.social reforms ????.conduct a
  political reform of the country ?????????a
  reform in teaching methods ???????
• policyn. ?? e.g. public policy ????,Policy of
  enriching the people ????

117

• enable ???
• Endurance enabled him to win a victory.??????????
  .I am now enabled to continue the
  work.??????????.The dictionary will enable
  better international understanding.??????????????
  ??.
• spread n.??,??????
• the spread of education ?????
• remote adj.??????
• remote control ??.a town remote from the sea
  ???????.in the remote past (future)
  ??????(??).a remote village ?????.

118

• Nationwide, 99 of Chinese children attend
  primary schools.
• nationwide adv. ?????/ adj. ???
• of nationwide influence ??????
• ?????? nationwide physical fitness campaign
• a nationwide network    ?????? 
• He was a master at creating headlines in timing
  his pseudo news to distract a nationwide audience
  over a prolonged period. ?????????????????????,??
  ??????????????
• attend v. ??
• attend school ??.The lectures were well-
  attended. ????????.

119

• In 1989, China launched two ambitious projects
  Project Hope and Spring Bud Project.
• launch v.????launch an attack upon the
  enemy???????
• launch a mass movement ??????
• ambitious adj.????,??????????
• an ambitious plan ????
• a young ambitious self-starter ????????????????
• The program is laudably ambitious. ????????,
  ?????
• He was edged out of his job by his ambitious
  assistant. ??????????????????.

120

• Project Hope ????
• a Chinese public service project organized by
  the China Youth Development Foundation (CYDF) and
  the Communist Youth League (CYL) Central
  Committee. Started in October 30 1989, it aims
  to bring schools into poverty-stricken rural
  areas of China, to help children whose families
  are too poor to afford it to complete elementary
  school education. Through Project Hope, the CYDF
  has also sought to improve educational facilities
  and improve teaching quality in poorer regions.

121

• Spring Bud Project ????
• The Spring Bud Project has been launched,
  organized and carried out by the China Children
  and Teenagers' Fund (CCTF), under the leadership
  of the All China Women's Federation. The goal of
  the plan is to assist girls of poor areas of
  China to return to school, which will benefit the
  welfare of the whole society.

122
??

• ?????????????????????????,99????????????1989?,???
  ???????????????????????????????????????,??????

123
Comprehension Questions
124
Comprehension Questions

• Which of the following is true about Chinas
  compulsory education?
• Children will receive education either in school
  or at home.
• Students have to take examination in order to
  attend junior middle school.
• Nine years of compulsory education is demanded
  for all children.
• Compulsory education is only available for
  children in cities.

125

• 2. Which one can replace came into effect in
  Line 1?
• started to be adopted
• got to influence
• became the result
• took advantage

126

• 3. We can infer from paragraph 3 that
  _____________________.
• only government can provide primary school
  education
• its impossible for students to decide which
  school they like to attend
• private schools will admit any student they like
• private schools get their funds from government

127

• 4. The design of curriculum emphasizes
  _____________________.
• acquisition of knowledge
• principles of right or good conduct
• appreciation of beauty or good taste
• all of the above

128

• 5. The purpose of Spring Bud Project is
  _______________.
• to ensure that all children in China get
  nine-year compulsory education
• to help children, esp. girls, in poor areas to
  receive education
• to guarantee an all-round development of the
  students
• to promise a high enrollment rate nationwide

129
Exercises

• I. Conversation
• Choose the right answer to finish the following
  conversation.

130

• 1. Could you help me with my physics, please?
• ____________________.
• No, no way. Do it yourself.
• No, I couldnt. Its your own work.
• No, I cant. Thats very easy.
• Sorry I cant. I have to go to a meeting now.

131

• 2. What can I do for you?
• _________________.
• A. I want a kilo of pears.
• B. You can do it in your own way.
• C. Thanks.
• D. Excuse me. Im busy.

132

• 3. Must I take a taxi?
• No, you _______. You can take my car.
• A. had better to.
• B. dont
• C. must not
• D. dont have to

133

• 4. This box is too heavy for me to carry
  upstairs.
• _______________.
• A. You may ask for help.
• B. Let me give you a hand.
• C. Please do me a favor.
• D. Id come to help.

134

• 5. If you like I can mail this letter for you?
• ________________.
• A. Thats very kind of you.
• B. That is so good.
• C. Please give me a hand.
• D. You are great.

135
II. Reading Comprehension

• Education is not an end, but a means to an end.
  In other words, we do not educate children only
  for the purpose of educating them. Our purpose is
  to fit them for life.

136

• In some modem countries it has for some time been
  fashionable to think that by free education for
  all one can solve all the problems of society
  and build a perfect nation. But we can already
  see that free education for all is not enough we
  find in such countries a far larger number of
  people with university degree they refuse to do
  what they think low work and, in fact, manual
  work is thought to be dirty and shameful in such
  countries.

137

• But we have only to think a moment to understand
  that the work of a completely uneducated farmer
  is far more important than that of a professor
  we can live without education, but we die if we
  have no food. If no one cleaned our streets and
  took the rubbish away from our houses, we should
  get terrible diseases in our towns.

138

• In fact, when we say that all of us must be
  educated to fit us for life, it means that we
  must be educated in such a way that, firstly,
  each of us can do whatever work suited to his
  brains and ability and, secondly, that we can
  realize that all jobs are necessary to society,
  and that is very bad to be ashamed of ones work.
  Only such a type of education can be considered
  valuable to society.

139

• 1. The writer of the passage thinks that _______.
• A. education can resolve most of the problems in
  the world.
• B. free education for all will probably lead us
  to a perfect world
• C. free education wont help solve problems
• D. not all of the social problems can be solved
  by education

140

• 2. The writer wants to prove that _______.
• A. our society needs all kinds of jobs
• B. our society needs free education for all
• C. a farmer is more important than a professor
• D. working with hands is more important than
  anything else

141

• 3. According to the passage __________.
• A. manual work is dirty and shameful
• B. manual work is considered low
• C. manual work is the most important
• D. we cant regard manual work as low

142

• 4. The purpose of education is _______.
• A. to choose officials for the country
• B. to prepare children mainly for their future
  work
• C. to allow everyone to receive education that
  fits him/her
• D. to build a perfect world

143

• 5. The passage tells us about _______ of the
  education.
• A. the means         
• B. the system        
• C. the value          
• D. the type

144
III. Vocabulary and Structure

• 1. The Parade Theatres _______ Room is ideally
  suited for small workshops, classes or private
  functions.
• A. Reception B. Receiving
• C. Welcome D. Greeting
• 2. Wearing seat belts in cars is _____________
  by law.
• A. commercial B. compulsory
• C. commanding D. commentary

A
B
145

• 3. The contract shall come into __________ as
  soon as it is duly signed by both parties and
  shall remain effective for two years.
• A. action B. being C. effect D. play
• 4. Do you have any double rooms ___________ this
  weekend?
• A. present B. qualified
• C. available D. capable

C
C
146

• 5. Their 2-0 victory today has ________ the
  Italian team a place in the Cup Final.
• A. assured B. defended
• C. protected D. ensured
• 6. The young lady coming toward us _________ our
  English teacher we can tell from the way she
  walks.
• A. must be B. can be
• C. would be D. could be

D
A
147

• 7. Will you _______ me a favor, please?
• A. give B. make C. bring D. do
• 8. The film brought the hours back to me
  _________ I was taken good care of in that remote
  village.
• A. when B. where C. that D. until

D
A
148

• 9. Helen ____ be home, for she phoned me from
  the airport just five minutes ago.
• A. mustnt B. neednt
• C. cant D. darent
• 10. The government took desperate measures to
  keep the economy _____.
• A. run B. running
• C. ran D. to run

C
B
149
IV. Cloze

• Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges
  teach and how their students learn will be
  interested in the memoir of Ralph W. Tyler, one
  of the most famous men in American education.

150

• Born in Chicago in 1902, __1__ and schooled in
  Nebraska, the __2__ college graduate Ralph Tyler
  became hooked on teaching while teaching as a
  science teacher in South Dakota and changed his
  __3__ from medicine to education.

151

• Graduate work at the University of Chicago found
  him connected with honorable educators Charles
  Judd and W. W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching
  and testing had an effect __4__ his later work.
  In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State
  University where he __5__ developed a new method
  of testing.

152

• Tyler became well-known in 1938, __6__ he carried
  his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio
  State University to the University of Chicago at
  the invitation of Robert Hutchins.

153

• Tyler was the first director of the Center for
  Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at
  Stanford, a position he __7__ for fourteen years.
  There, he firmly believed that researchers should
  be free to seek an independent(???)spirit in
  their work.

154

• __8__ Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never
  actually retired. He served on a long list of
  educational organizations in the United States
  and abroad. Even __9__he traveled across the
  country to advise teachers and management people
  on how to set objectives(??)that develop __10__
  teaching and learning within their schools.

155

• Now lets check the blanks.

156

• Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges
  teach and how their students learn will be
  interested in the memoir of Ralph W. Tyler, one
  of the most famous men in American education.

157

• Born in Chicago in 1902, __1__ and schooled in
  Nebraska, the __2__ college graduate Ralph Tyler
  became hooked on teaching while teaching as a
  science teacher in South Dakota and changed his
  __3__ from medicine to education.
• 1. A. bringing up B. to bring up
• C. brought up D. having brought up
• 2. A. 19 years old B. 19 years old
• C. 19 year old D. 19-year-old
• 3. A. study B. major C. course D. class

C
D
B
158

• Graduate work at the University of Chicago found
  him connected with honorable educators Charles
  Judd and W. W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching
  and testing had an effect __4__ his later work.
  In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State
  University where he __5__ developed a new method
  of testing.
• 4. A. on B. to C. in D. at
• 5. A. further B. again
• C. addition D. once more

A
A
159

• Tyler became well-known in 1938, __6__ he carried
  his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio
  State University to the University of Chicago at
  the invitation of Robert Hutchins.
• 6. A. where B. when C. how D. which

B
160

• Tyler was the first director of the Center for
  Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at
  Stanford, a position he __7__ for fourteen years.
  There, he firmly believed that researchers should
  be free to seek an independent(???)spirit in
  their work.
• 7. A. got B. became
• C. lay D. held

D
161

• __8__ Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never
  actually retired. He served on a long list of
  educational organizations in the United States
  and abroad. Even __9__he traveled across the
  country to advise teachers and management people
  on how to set objectives(??)that develop __10__
  teaching and learning within their schools.
• 8. A. Because B. Furthermore
• C. Although D. In spite of
• 9. A. in 80s B. at 80s
• C. in his 80s D. at his 80s
• 10. A. the best B. better
• C. the better D. best

C
C
A
162
V. Translation

• The law of compulsory education in China came
  into effect on July 1, 1986, requiring each child
  to have nine years of formal education.
• ?????????1986?7?1?????,??????????9??????
• 2. In areas where junior middle school
  education is available to all, all primary school
  graduates can go on to junior middle school
  without entrance examinations.
• ??????????????????,????????????

163

• The government plays a dominant role in school
  education, while private social circles play a
  supplementary role.
• ?????????????????,?????????????
• The curriculum is designed to ensure an all-round
  development of the students moral, intellectual,
  physical and aesthetic well being.
• ????????????????????????????
• 5. Chinas reform policy has enabled the
  spread of education in poor and remote areas.
• ???????????????????

164
VI. Writing

• You are required to write a composition on the
  topic Potential of the Internet Education with
  no less than 80 words based on the outline given
  below.
• ??????????,??????????
• ?????????????
• ??????????????

165

• As the Internet is getting into households, new
  educational opportunities are provided via the
  use of the Internet.

166

• In reality, the educational via Internet plan
  has been taking shape. Some universities have
  already got involved in regional long-distance
  education, catching the attention of many
  educators and computer experts. Others have just
  connected their campus computers for teaching and
  research, and provided more opportunities for
  learners.

167

• As I see it, the Internet education will go on
  to develop dramatically and one day that
  computerized long-distance teaching networks will
  cover all the corners of China and eventually win
  the worldwide popularity.

168
The End Thanks
169
Overview of Education in China

• Since the founding of the Peoples Republic of
  China in 1949, an important governmental effort
  has been to eliminate illiteracy and popularize
  compulsory education. At present, the national
  net enrollment rate in elementary schools is
  98.58 percent, and the gross enrollment rate in
  junior high schools has reached 90 percent. This
  compares to 1949 when only 20 percent of
  school-age children were in school, and 80
  percent of all adults were illiterate. Today
  illiteracy among the young and middle-aged
  population has decreased to less than 5 percent,
  and the nine-year compulsory education basically
  has been established in the areas where 90
  percent of the countrys population live.

170

• The past ten years have seen the fastest
  development in education in China. Ten years ago,
  for example, few institutions offered an MBA
  (Master of Business Administration). In 2003,
  some 62 schools offer MBAs, enrolling some 30,000
  MBA students. International professional degrees
  like EMBA (Employed Master of Business
  Administration) and MPA (Master of Public
  Administration) also are offered. As regards the
  MPA degree, the State Council Degree Committee
  has authorized 47 Chinese institutions of higher
  learning to offer the degree, and some 7,700
  students have been enrolled at present.

171

• International cooperation and exchanges in
  education have increased year by year. China has
  the most students studying abroad in the world.
  Since 1979, some 582,000 Chinese students have
  studied in 103 countries and regions, among whom
  160,000 have returned after finishing their
  studies. Meanwhile, the number of foreign
  students studying in China has also increased. In
  2003, there were 86,000 students from 170 foreign
  countries studying in Chinas universities.

172

• Education in China thrives in part because of
  increased investment. Since 1998, the percentage
  of funds allotted to education by the Central
  Government has grown 1 percentage point annually.
  In 2003, the national government fund for
  education was 349.14 billion yuan, accounting for
  3.41 percent in th