Che 111 Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Highlights (KOTZ)

1
Che 111 Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules,
and IonsHighlights (KOTZ)

• Dr. McGoldrick

2
Overview

• Atomic Structure, an introduction
• The periodic chart
• Nomenclature
• The Mole

3
Daltons Atomic Theory 1803

• All matter made of atoms
• Atoms are indivisible
• Atoms of same element are the same
• Atoms of different elements are different
• A chem rxn is a reshuffling of atomic
  combinationssupplemented

4
Chemical Laws

• Conservation
• Definite Composition
• Multiple Proportions
• supplemented

5
Atoms are Divisible

• Radioactivity subatomic particles
• Fundamental Particleselectron and proton
• Nuclear atom (1902)
• Neutron (1942)

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Atomic Structure

• Atomic number, Z protons
• Mass Number, A p n
• Isotopes notation abundancy
• At. Wt. - relative atomic mass or (amu)
  12C standard

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Periodic Chart Chart Vocabulary

• Mendeleev periodicity (1869)
• Metals, nonmetals, metalloids ( see next slide)
• A elements
• B elements main transition inner transition
• Groups Group names

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Regions of the Periodic Table
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Types of Compounds

• Molecular (nonmetal nonmetal)
• Ionic (metal nonmetal)

molecular formulasstructural formulas(functiona
l groups and models)
metal cationsnonmetal anionscrystal lattice/
formula units
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MOLECULAR FORMULAS. Ex.

• Formula for glycine is C2H5NO2
• In one molecule there are
• 2 C atoms
• 5 H atoms
• 1 N atom
• 2 O atoms

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MOLECULAR MODELING
Structural formula of glycine
Ball stick
Space-filling
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Allatropy
Allotropes of C
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Elemental Form

• Monoatomic ex. Na, He
• Diatomic molecules ex. H2, O2
• Polyatomic ex. S8

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Ions

• The inert gas model
• Monoatomic ions-use chart to predict charge
• Polyatomic ions (table 2.4)- can use handout and
  memorize!

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Ionic Compounds
Ex. NaCl, crystalline lattice
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Formulas NamesIonic Compounds

• Binary Ionics-name metal name nonmetal with
  -ide ending
• Ternary Ionicsmemorize the polyatomics use
  them!
• Hydrates (re lab)

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Formulas NamesMolecular Compounds

• Binaries only
• Use prefixes

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Test ExampleProvide which ever is missing
FORMULA
NAME

• CaSO4
• ____________
• (NH4)2S

• ___________
• Boron Trifluoride
• _____________

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THE MOLEIncluded with Ch 4 and Test II

• Macro to micro
• Counting definition6.02 x 10 23 particles 1
  mol.(Avagadros number)
• Mass definition mw and fw amu ----gt
  gramsmolar mass

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Problem Types

• Percent Composition, Elemental Analysis for
  Test I
• Mole Conversions for Test II
• Empirical Formula Molecular Formula for Test
  II

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Chapter 2 homeworkp. 100 - 105 3, 5abc, 7, 9,
11, 15, 21, 27, 29abcd, 31, 33, 37, 39, 41ac,
43, 45, 49, 53ab, 57, 59c, 63d, 65, 67c, 69, 71,
73, 75,  83 all mole computations will be
delayed and completed with Ch. 4 Test
One on Ch. 1 2