Title: EFFECT OF ETHANOL CONCENTRATION ON EMISSION IN THE DUAL FUEL OPERATION OF JETROPHA METHYL ESTER AND ETHANOL IN A DIESEL ENGINE
1EFFECT OF ETHANOL CONCENTRATION ON EMISSION IN
THE DUAL FUEL OPERATION OF JETROPHA METHYL ESTER
AND ETHANOL IN A DIESEL ENGINE
- NAME OF THE GUIDE
- MR.S.VIJAYARAJ. ME. (PhD).,
- PROJECT MEMBER
- K. AJAI MITHUN FELIX(05ME01) S. BALA
MURUGAN(05ME13) - A. TAMILARASAN(05ME49)
- D.VIGNESH VARAN(05ME54)
2AIM
- Emission reduction on direct injection
diesel engine fueled by methyl ester of non
edible oils like Jatropha produced by
transesterification process and with various
percentage by concentration of ethanol in dual
fuel mode by fumigation process.
3OBJECTIVE
- To develop a complete alternate fuel C.I
engine by direct injection of bio-diesel and
ethanol by fumigation technique with reduced
emission. Then the project also addressed the
issue of increased CO NOx emission in dual fuel
mode using dilution of ethanol concentration.
Then to concluded that non edible oil can be used
in transesterification form as methyl ester in
dual fuel mode with ethanol using fumigation
process which can produce better performance with
reduced emission.
4REASONS FOR SELECTING THE TOPIC
- Ethanol is one of the best tools to fight
vehicular pollution, contains 35 oxygen that
helps complete combustion of fuel and thus
reduces harmful emission. - A country like India where agriculture is the
main occupation and kirloskar engines are mostly
used by the farmers for various applications. Our
project focuses not only on bio-diesel but also
on the ethanol for use in stationery diesel
engines
5METHODOLOGY
- Selection of non edible oil source.
- To standardize the process of preparing methyl
ester from various non edible oil. - To prepare and study of the properties of methyl
ester - Design of fumigation apparatus in the
conventional diesel engine - Conducting the performance and emission testing
for dual fueled engine with direct injection of
methyl ester and fumigation of various percentage
of ethanol as supplementary fuel. - Conducting the performance and emission testing
for the above dual fueled engine for various
concentration of ethanol. - Result and discussion
6EXPECTATION OF PROJECT
- Expecting properties of methyl ester is closes to
diesel. - To obtain perfect combustion by fully using
alternative fuel. - Reduce NOx emission by varying the concentration
of ethanol. - Better performance and reduced emission using
alternative fuel.
7APPLICATION
- Better fuel economy with increased efficiency
provides economical advantages over conventional
fueled vehicle - It will reduce the emission of CO, CO2, NOx, HC,
and smoke emission compared with diesel. - As Eco-friendly fuels are used in vehicles using
this type of engine environmental degradation can
be reduced. - It will increased agriculture productivity and
cultivation of our country.
8EXPERIMENTAL SET UP
9ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS
Engine 1 cylinder 4 stroke Diesel (Computerized) Make Kirloskar water cooled power 5.2 kW at 1500 rpm bore 87.5 mm. stroke 110 mm 661 cc, CR 17.5
Dynamometer Type eddy current water cooled with loading unit
Piezo sensor Range 5000 PSI with low noise cable Make PCB piezotronics
Crank angle sensor Resolution 1 Deg, Speed 5500 RPM with TDC pulse. Make Kubler-Germany Model
Engine indicator Input Piezo sensor ,crank angle sensor, No of channels 2 Communication RS232 Make-Cuadra Model AX-104 Type Dual channel.
Engine interface Input RTDs, Thermocouples, Air flow, Fuel flow, Load cell, Output 0-5V,No of channels 8
Temperature sensor Make-Cuadra, Type RTD, PT100 and Thermocouple, Type K
Fuel flow transmitter Calibration range 0-500 mm H2O Output linear, Make Yokogawa
Load sensor Make Sensotronics Sanmar, Type S beam Universal Capacity 0-50 kg
10GAS ANALYSER SPECIFICATION
PARAMETER RESOLUTION ACCURACY RANGE
Flue temperature 0.1? (c/f) 1? C/-0.3 of reading 0-11000C,32-21400F
Inlet temperature 0.1? (c/f) 1? C/-0.3 of reading 0-600?C,0-999?F
Gas measurement
Oxygen(O2) 0.1 -0.10.2 0-25
Carbon monoxide 1ppm /-20ppmlt400ppm 0-10,000ppm
Nitric Dioxide 1ppm /-5ppmlt100pp 0-10,000ppm
Nitrogen Dioxide 0.01mbar/k 500ppm 0-150mbar
Carbon Dioxide 0.1 /-0.3 /-5 of reading
11PROPERTIES OF JATROPHA ESTER
Acidity as mg of KOH/gm 1.36
Kinematic viscosity_at_40Deg.C in CST 9.63
Density_at_ 15Deg.C/15Deg.C 0.8547
Conradson carbon residue 0.20
Pour point -8 Deg.C
Flash point by PMCC method 194 Deg.C
Cloud point 2 Deg.C
Ash content 0.0012
Gross calorific value in Kcals/kg 10138
Distillation range 60 by volume recovery_at_ Temp 80 by volume recovery_at_ Temp 338 Deg.C 375 Deg.C
12OBSERVATION FOR SOLE FUEL
SI.NO. Applied Load in kg Time taken for 10cc of fuel sec Time taken for 10cc of fuel sec
SI.NO. Applied Load in kg Diesel 100 Jatropha methyl ester
1.
2.
3.
4.
13OBSERVATIONS FOR JATROPHA METHYL ESTER WITH
VARIOUS CONCENTRATIONS OF ETHANOL
S.NO Load W Time taken for 10cc of jatropha methyl ester consumption sec Time taken for 10cc of jatropha methyl ester consumption sec Time taken for 10cc of jatropha methyl ester consumption sec Time taken for 10cc of jatropha methyl ester consumption sec Time taken for 10cc of jatropha methyl ester consumption sec Time taken for 10cc of ethonal consumption sec Time taken for 10cc of ethonal consumption sec Time taken for 10cc of ethonal consumption sec Time taken for 10cc of ethonal consumption sec Time taken for 10cc of ethonal consumption sec
S.NO Load W 95 90 85 80 75 5 10 15 20 25
1.
2.
3.
4.
14FORMULA USED
- 1.Fuel consumption (FC),kg/hr.
- Fuel consumption was calculated using
equation. -
- FC (10/Tavg) ((xsp.gr of BD ysp.gr of
ethanol)/1000) 3600 - Where
- Sp.gr specific gravity of used
- Tavg average time taken for 10cc of fuel
consumption in sec - x Fraction of Biodiesel in the blend
- yFraction of ethanol in the blend
- 2.Brake power (BP),KW
- Brake power was calculated using eqn
- BP calculated load/(1000)
- 3.Specific fuel consumption (SFC) kg/kw-hr
- Specific fuel consumption was calculated using
the eqn. - SFC (fuel consumption)/(Brake power)
15- 4.Fuel power (FUP),kw
- Fuel power was calculated using the eqn.
- FUP (FCCV)/3600
- Where
- FUP fuel power in kw
- FC fuel consumption in kg/hr
- CV calorific value in kJ/kg
- 5.Brake Thermal Efficiency()
- Brake Thermal Efficiency was calculated using
the equation - BTH (BP/FUP) 100
- Where
- BP Brake power in kw
- BTH Brake Thermal Efficiency in
- FUP Fuel power in kw
16- 6.Indicated Power,kw
- IP FRP BP
- Where
- FRP Friction Power in kw
- BP Brake Power in kw
- 7.Indicated Thermal Efficiency()
- Indicated Thermal Efficiency (IP/FP) 100
- Where
- IP Indicated Power in kw
- FP Fuel Power in kw
- 8.Mechanical Efficiency()
- Mechanical Efficiency (BTH/ITH) 100
- Where
- BTH Brake Thermal Efficiency in
- ITH Indicated Thermal Efficiency
17EXPECTATIONS AND APPLICATION
- Better fuel economy with increased efficiency
provides economical advantage over conventional
fueled vehicles. - Reduced the emission of CO, CO2, NOX, HC and
smoke emission compared with diesel. - As eco-friendly fuels are used in vehicles using
this type of engine, environmental degradation
can be reduced. - It will increase agricultural productivity by
cultivation of oil - bearing trees in Non arable land and giving
impetus to sugar plantation for ethanol
production which will increase the GDP of our
country. - It can reduce the import of oil in-turn saving
valuable foreign exchange.
18CONCLUSION
- Then to conclude that Jatropha oils can be used
after transesterification as methyl ester along
with ethanol by fumigation in dual fuel mode in a
direct injection diesel engine for various
percentage of ethanol with ethanol dilution
which can produce better performance with reduced
emissions.
19- REFERENCE
- H.Raheman, A.G Phadatare. Diesel engine emissions
and performance from blends of Karanji methyl
ester and diesel. International journal of
Biomass and Bio-energy 2004 27 393-397. - M.Foidl,G.Foidl, M.sanchez, M.Mittlebach,
S.Hackel. Jatropha curcus.L as a source for
production of bio-fuel in Nicaragua.
International journal of Bio-resource Technology
1996 58 77-82. - M.Senthil Kumar, A.Remash, B.Nagalingam. An
experimental comparison of methods to use
methanol and jartopha oil in a compression
ignition engine. International journal of Biomass
and Bio-energy 2003 23 309-318 - E.A Ajav, Bachchan Singh, T.K Bhattacharya.
Performance of a stationary diesel engine using
vaporized ethanol as supplementary fuel.
International journal of Biomass and Bio-energy
1998 15 6 493-502. - R.Udayakumar, S.Sundaram and K.Sivakumar. Engine
performance and exhaust characteristics of dual
fuel operation in DI diesel engine with methanol.
SAE Paper No. 2004 01- 0096. - R.Udayakumar, S.Sundaram and K.Sivakumar. Engine
performance and exhaust characteristics of dual
fuel operation in DI diesel engine with methanol.
SAE Paper No. 2004 01- 0096. - C.G. Saravanan, B.Saravanan, J.Sitharthaseelan,
sudhakar, A.Raja, A.R.Sharavanan. Fumigation of
methanol and fuel additives in a diesel engine
testing the performance and emission
characteristics. SAE Paper No. 2002-01- 2722.