EFFECT OF ETHANOL CONCENTRATION ON EMISSION IN THE DUAL FUEL OPERATION OF JETROPHA METHYL ESTER AND ETHANOL IN A DIESEL ENGINE

1
EFFECT OF ETHANOL CONCENTRATION ON EMISSION IN
THE DUAL FUEL OPERATION OF JETROPHA METHYL ESTER
AND ETHANOL IN A DIESEL ENGINE

• NAME OF THE GUIDE
• MR.S.VIJAYARAJ. ME. (PhD).,
• PROJECT MEMBER
• K. AJAI MITHUN FELIX(05ME01) S. BALA
  MURUGAN(05ME13)
• A. TAMILARASAN(05ME49)
• D.VIGNESH VARAN(05ME54)

2

AIM

• Emission reduction on direct injection
  diesel engine fueled by methyl ester of non
  edible oils like Jatropha produced by
  transesterification process and with various
  percentage by concentration of ethanol in dual
  fuel mode by fumigation process.

3
OBJECTIVE

• To develop a complete alternate fuel C.I
  engine by direct injection of bio-diesel and
  ethanol by fumigation technique with reduced
  emission. Then the project also addressed the
  issue of increased CO NOx emission in dual fuel
  mode using dilution of ethanol concentration.
  Then to concluded that non edible oil can be used
  in transesterification form as methyl ester in
  dual fuel mode with ethanol using fumigation
  process which can produce better performance with
  reduced emission.

4
REASONS FOR SELECTING THE TOPIC

• Ethanol is one of the best tools to fight
  vehicular pollution, contains 35 oxygen that
  helps complete combustion of fuel and thus
  reduces harmful emission.
• A country like India where agriculture is the
  main occupation and kirloskar engines are mostly
  used by the farmers for various applications. Our
  project focuses not only on bio-diesel but also
  on the ethanol for use in stationery diesel
  engines

5
METHODOLOGY

• Selection of non edible oil source.
• To standardize the process of preparing methyl
  ester from various non edible oil.
• To prepare and study of the properties of methyl
  ester
• Design of fumigation apparatus in the
  conventional diesel engine
• Conducting the performance and emission testing
  for dual fueled engine with direct injection of
  methyl ester and fumigation of various percentage
  of ethanol as supplementary fuel.
• Conducting the performance and emission testing
  for the above dual fueled engine for various
  concentration of ethanol.
• Result and discussion

6
EXPECTATION OF PROJECT

• Expecting properties of methyl ester is closes to
  diesel.
• To obtain perfect combustion by fully using
  alternative fuel.
• Reduce NOx emission by varying the concentration
  of ethanol.
• Better performance and reduced emission using
  alternative fuel.  

7
APPLICATION

• Better fuel economy with increased efficiency
  provides economical advantages over conventional
  fueled vehicle
• It will reduce the emission of CO, CO2, NOx, HC,
  and smoke emission compared with diesel.
• As Eco-friendly fuels are used in vehicles using
  this type of engine environmental degradation can
  be reduced.
• It will increased agriculture productivity and
  cultivation of our country.

8
EXPERIMENTAL SET UP
9
ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS
Engine 1 cylinder 4 stroke Diesel (Computerized) Make Kirloskar water cooled power 5.2 kW at 1500 rpm bore 87.5 mm. stroke 110 mm 661 cc, CR 17.5
Dynamometer Type eddy current water cooled with loading unit
Piezo sensor Range 5000 PSI with low noise cable Make PCB piezotronics
Crank angle sensor Resolution 1 Deg, Speed 5500 RPM with TDC pulse. Make Kubler-Germany Model
Engine indicator Input Piezo sensor ,crank angle sensor, No of channels 2 Communication RS232 Make-Cuadra Model AX-104 Type Dual channel.
Engine interface Input RTDs, Thermocouples, Air flow, Fuel flow, Load cell, Output 0-5V,No of channels 8
Temperature sensor Make-Cuadra, Type RTD, PT100 and Thermocouple, Type K
Fuel flow transmitter Calibration range 0-500 mm H2O Output linear, Make Yokogawa
Load sensor Make Sensotronics Sanmar, Type S beam Universal Capacity 0-50 kg
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GAS ANALYSER SPECIFICATION
PARAMETER RESOLUTION ACCURACY RANGE
Flue temperature 0.1? (c/f) 1? C/-0.3 of reading 0-11000C,32-21400F
Inlet temperature 0.1? (c/f) 1? C/-0.3 of reading 0-600?C,0-999?F
Gas measurement
Oxygen(O2) 0.1 -0.10.2 0-25
Carbon monoxide 1ppm /-20ppmlt400ppm 0-10,000ppm
Nitric Dioxide 1ppm /-5ppmlt100pp 0-10,000ppm
Nitrogen Dioxide 0.01mbar/k 500ppm 0-150mbar
Carbon Dioxide 0.1 /-0.3 /-5 of reading
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PROPERTIES OF JATROPHA ESTER
Acidity as mg of KOH/gm 1.36
Kinematic viscosity_at_40Deg.C in CST 9.63
Density_at_ 15Deg.C/15Deg.C 0.8547
Conradson carbon residue 0.20
Pour point -8 Deg.C
Flash point by PMCC method 194 Deg.C
Cloud point 2 Deg.C
Ash content 0.0012
Gross calorific value in Kcals/kg 10138
Distillation range 60 by volume recovery_at_ Temp 80 by volume recovery_at_ Temp 338 Deg.C 375 Deg.C
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OBSERVATION FOR SOLE FUEL
SI.NO. Applied Load in kg Time taken for 10cc of fuel sec Time taken for 10cc of fuel sec
SI.NO. Applied Load in kg Diesel 100 Jatropha methyl ester
1.
2.
3.
4.
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OBSERVATIONS FOR JATROPHA METHYL ESTER WITH
VARIOUS CONCENTRATIONS OF ETHANOL
S.NO Load W Time taken for 10cc of jatropha methyl ester consumption sec Time taken for 10cc of jatropha methyl ester consumption sec Time taken for 10cc of jatropha methyl ester consumption sec Time taken for 10cc of jatropha methyl ester consumption sec Time taken for 10cc of jatropha methyl ester consumption sec Time taken for 10cc of ethonal consumption sec Time taken for 10cc of ethonal consumption sec Time taken for 10cc of ethonal consumption sec Time taken for 10cc of ethonal consumption sec Time taken for 10cc of ethonal consumption sec
S.NO Load W 95 90 85 80 75 5 10 15 20 25
1.
2.
3.
4.
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FORMULA USED

• 1.Fuel consumption (FC),kg/hr.
• Fuel consumption was calculated using
  equation.
• FC (10/Tavg) ((xsp.gr of BD ysp.gr of
  ethanol)/1000) 3600
• Where
• Sp.gr specific gravity of used
• Tavg average time taken for 10cc of fuel
  consumption in sec
• x Fraction of Biodiesel in the blend
• yFraction of ethanol in the blend
• 2.Brake power (BP),KW
• Brake power was calculated using eqn
• BP calculated load/(1000)
• 3.Specific fuel consumption (SFC) kg/kw-hr
  
  
• Specific fuel consumption was calculated using
  the eqn.
• SFC (fuel consumption)/(Brake power)

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• 4.Fuel power (FUP),kw
• Fuel power was calculated using the eqn.
• FUP (FCCV)/3600
• Where
• FUP fuel power in kw
• FC fuel consumption in kg/hr
• CV calorific value in kJ/kg
• 5.Brake Thermal Efficiency()
• Brake Thermal Efficiency was calculated using
  the equation
• BTH (BP/FUP) 100
• Where
• BP Brake power in kw
• BTH Brake Thermal Efficiency in
• FUP Fuel power in kw

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• 6.Indicated Power,kw
• IP FRP BP
• Where
• FRP Friction Power in kw
• BP Brake Power in kw
• 7.Indicated Thermal Efficiency()
• Indicated Thermal Efficiency (IP/FP) 100
• Where
• IP Indicated Power in kw
• FP Fuel Power in kw
• 8.Mechanical Efficiency()
• Mechanical Efficiency (BTH/ITH) 100
• Where
• BTH Brake Thermal Efficiency in
• ITH Indicated Thermal Efficiency

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EXPECTATIONS AND APPLICATION

• Better fuel economy with increased efficiency
  provides economical advantage over conventional
  fueled vehicles.
• Reduced the emission of CO, CO2, NOX, HC and
  smoke emission compared with diesel.
• As eco-friendly fuels are used in vehicles using
  this type of engine, environmental degradation
  can be reduced.
• It will increase agricultural productivity by
  cultivation of oil
• bearing trees in Non arable land and giving
  impetus to sugar plantation for ethanol
  production which will increase the GDP of our
  country.
• It can reduce the import of oil in-turn saving
  valuable foreign exchange.

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CONCLUSION

• Then to conclude that Jatropha oils can be used
  after transesterification as methyl ester along
  with ethanol by fumigation in dual fuel mode in a
  direct injection diesel engine for various
  percentage of ethanol with ethanol dilution
  which can produce better performance with reduced
  emissions.

19

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