Betty Friedan

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Betty Friedans The Feminine Mystique
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The Feminine Mystique

• Written by Betty Friedan in 1963
• Interviews with average middle class housewives
• Findings
• Many were bored, dissatisfied
• Impact
• Showed dissatisfied women they werent alone
• Start of modern feminist movement

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The Feminist Movement Goals

• Equal pay
• Equal opportunity
• Physical safety
• Womens Liberation

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Womens Liberation
Gloria SteinemA woman without a man, is like a
fish without a bicycle
Angela DavisBlack Panther Feminist
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National Organization for Women (NOW)

• Political action group for womens equality
• Led by Betty Friedan
• Goals
• Equal pay
• 1966 women earned 60 of men
• Today about 75
• Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
• Like the 14th Amendment for women
• Passed by Congress, but not ratified by states

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Successes of the Womens Movement

• Equal Pay Act of 1963
• Womens equality part of the Civil Rights Act of
  1964
• Widespread acceptance of feminist ideals
• Roe v. Wade
• 1973 Court case affirming abortion rights

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Miss America Pageant, 1969
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Native American Movement
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American Indian Movement (AIM)

• Formed in 1968
• Inspired by other freedom movements
• Goals
• Indian political and economic growth
• By far the poorest, weakest Americans
• Lowest life expectancy
• Indian cultural rebirth
• Reasserting traditional Indian Ways
• Medicine, religion, dress, etc.

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AIM activists take over Wounded Knee, SD in 1973
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Indian Activists discover take over Alcatraz
Island, 1969-1971
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70s Native American Literature
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Cesar Chavez, 1927-1993
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Cesar Chavez

• Organized the United Farm Workers (UFW) with
  Dolores Huerta in 1962
• A believer in Gandhian non-violence
• A union for farm workers
• Mostly Mexican Filipino
• Poorest of the poor
• Unskilled
• Little hope of any success
• Actually got growers to sign union contracts

Dolores Huerta
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Farm Worker Conditions

• Brutal hours
• Low pay
• Terrible living conditions
• Cancer causing pesticides

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How Chavez Succeeded

• Strictly non-violent
• Cross-racial organizing
• Nationwide grape lettuce boycotts
• Protest Fasts

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The Chicano Movement

• The Brown Berets
• A Chicano Black Panthers
• Goals
• Latino civil rights
• Latino economic improvement
• Bilingual education
• Immigration reform
• Enhancing Latin American culture

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An Excerpt From Yo Soy Joaquin (I Am Joaquin) by
Rodolfo "Corky" Gonzales, 1967

• And now the trumpet sounds, The music of the
  people stirs the Revolution, Like a sleeping
  giant it slowly rears its head to the sound of
  Tramping feet Clamoring voices Mariachi strains
  Fiery tequila explosions The smell of chile verde
  and Soft brown eyes of expectation for a better
  life. And in all the fertile farm lands, the
  barren plains, the mountain villages, small
  smeared cities We start to MOVE. La Raza!
  Mexicano! Español! Latino! Hispano! Chicano! or
  whatever I call myself. I look the same. I feel
  the same I cry and Sing the same. I am the masses
  of my people and I refuse to be absorbed. I am
  Joaquin The odds are great but my spirit is
  strong My faith unbreakable My blood is pure I am
  Aztec Prince and Christian Christ I SHALL ENDURE!
  I WILL ENDURE!

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Chicano Movement
Corky Gonzales
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Gay Rights Movement

• Gays and Bisexuals had to be secret about their
  lives suffered discrimination
• June 27, 1969the Stonewall Rebellion
• Police attacked a gay bar in NYC
• Patrons fought back
• Birth of the gay rights movement

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The Stonewall Rebellion
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The Environmental Movement

• Realization that technology population could
  destroy the planet
• 1st Earth Day in 1969