Intelligence

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Intelligence
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United States - Intelligence Community

• Director of National Intelligence

• National Intelligence Council

• Central Intelligence Agency Abroad

• National Security Agency

• National Reconnaissance Office Agency

• National Geo-spatial Intelligence Agency

• Federal Bureau of Investigation Home

• Dept of Homeland Security Office and Int Analysis

• National Counter terrorism Center

• National Counter intelligence Executive

• Defense Intelligence Agency Army, Air, Navy,
  Marine..

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UK - Intelligence Agencies

• Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC)

• MI6 Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) Securing
  Int from Outside threats.

• Government Comn HQ (GCHQ)

• MI5 Security Service (SS) Home Security.

• National Criminal Intelligence Service (NCIS)

• Metropolitan Police (Scotland Yard)

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India - Intelligence Agencies

• Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC)

• Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) Abroad

• Intelligence Bureau (IB) Home

• Defence Intelligence DMI, Army, Air, Navy, Def
  Security Corps, Sp frontier Force, National
  Security Guards, Sp Security Bureau.

• Para-Mil Intelligence e.g CRPF, BSF, Sp
  Protection Force, Rapid Reaction Force.

• Min of Home Affairs- CBI

• Min of Finance Economic Int Council

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Why Intelligence?

• Help decision-makers at every level to make
  informed decisions.

• Helps decision-makers/Government officials from
  being surprised.

• Correct intelligence will help the Government/
  orgs to keep the initiative on their side.

• Intelligence is required both for offensive and
  defensive actions.

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Definition

• Intelligence is secret state or group activity to
  understand or influence foreign or domestic
  entities e.g FBI, MI-5.

• Intelligence analysis is the application of
  individual and collective cognitive methods to
  weigh data and test hypotheses within a secret
  socio-cultural context.

• Intelligence errors are factual inaccuracies in
  analysis resulting from poor or missing data
  intelligence failure is systemic organizational
  surprise resulting from incorrect, missing,
  discarded, or inadequate hypotheses.

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Intelligence
Core Systems Interoperability-Int op systems and
applications.
Tasking Direct and prioritize collection reqs.
Form the interface between consumers and
producers of int products.
Collection Info comes from orgs, echelons, svcs,
and int disciplines. These include but are not
limited to tactical ground-based IEW systems,
unmanned aerial vehicles, and space systems.
Processing Convert, and correlate info into a
form usable as combat int. At all echelons of the
int architecture, and include both primary
processing and secondary exploitation systems.
Dissemination Provide the comns links -
collection systems, processors, and users through
physical comns channels, as well as networks,
protocols and software, and databases and servers
for the staging of products for dissemination.
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Intelligence Cycle
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Direction
The highest policy levels of government set, in
the broadest sense, intelligence priorities and
policies.

• Nation states try to find out the threat to
  their national vital interests (NVIs).

• Some HOG give quite specific orders, sometimes,
  illegal ones.

• Some say, Do what you gotta do.

• Can the Govt encroach upon the personal freedom
  and liberty?

• Thin line between personal freedom and liberty
  versus security and obligations to the nation!
  How to balance?

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Collection
Obtain raw information (varieties of sources)
- Governmental sources Ministries and depts.
- Non Governmental sources Freely obtained info.
- Paid intelligence agencies.
- Obtained from friendly countries.
- Obtained from friendly organizations.
- Electronic/IT/ UAV/Satellite/Sig/ etc..
- Agents
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Contd..
Kodari
Tourist
Embassy staffs
Bhotekoshi
Paid agents
Committed agents
Disguised friends
Expedition team
SUNKOSHI
Dolalghat
Dhulikhel PDL
Kathmandu
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Analysis

• Imagination. (Wrong/Right)

• Interpretation. (Wrong/Right)

• Priority. (too much of info too many sources.

• Correct processing.

Nat Int Estimate
Analytic disputes-Vietnam war
Inaccurate?
Mil Comd HQ
O of Sec of Def
CIA
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Dissemination

• Communication channels

• Chain of command

• Established protocols

• Data-base

• Servers and networks

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Intelligence Failure

• Direction Policymakers fail to give direction.

• Collection Int services fail to collect critical
  info.

• Analysis Services analyze data incorrectly .

• Time Failure to disseminate intelligence quickly
  enough .

• Right org/person Failure to disseminate to the
  right decisionmakers

• Inaction blaming one another.

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John Boyds OODA loop
(Designed for Air-Air Fighter Aircrafts)
Observe
Be aware of threat/opportunity
Put the observation into the context of other
information
Orient
Make the best possible action plan that can be
carried out in a timely manner.
Decide
Act
Carry out the plan
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Contd
Observe
Orient
Decide
Act
Act
Decide
Orient
Observe
Observe
Orient
Decide
Act
Interactions between the Int Cycle and OODA loop.
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Int Collection Management

• Open Source Intelligence (OSINT)

(TV, Radio, Papers, Seminars etcDissemination
helps common understanding.)

• Human Intelligence (HUMINT)

• Fr, UK and US Sp Op Forces are regarded to be the
  best!

-Clandestine HUMINT

• Covert Action

• Direct Action (Mil)

• Clandestine Cell System

• Special reconnaissance

-Imagery Int (IMINT)
-Signal Int (IMINT)
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Contd

• By Alliances, Nations and Industries.

• Operational Platforms by Nation.

• SigInt in modern History.

-TechInt (Technical Intelligence).
-Measurement and Signature Intelligence.(MASINT)
(To sp treaty compliance, early warning, and
force protection.)
-Electro-Optical MASINT.
-Nuclear MASINT.
-Geophysical MASINT.
-Radio Frequency MASINT.
-Materials MASINT.
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Int-analysis Management

• Intelligent Analysis

• Cognitive traps for Intelligent Analysis

-Int dissemination management.
-Int Cycle security.

• Counter Intelligence

-Counter-Int Counter Terror Orgs.
-Counter Int Failure.
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Ladder of priorities
Higher Priotity
1-A
1-B
2-A
2-B
3-A
3-B
4-A
Least Priotity
4-B
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Joint Intelligence

• India Jt. Int. Cttee. (JIC)

• Germany Combat Intelligence Readiness Facility
  (UCIRF)

• UK Joint Analysis Center (JAC). Jt Int Cttee.

• USA Director of National Intelligence and Natl
  Int Council

• UN Joint military and civilian office (JMAC)
  is estd.

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Policy
Creative tension

• Law enforcement versus national int org.

• Foreign-oriented versus domestic-oriented
  organizations.

• Public versus private interests.

• Conflict between clandestine intelligence and
  covert action.

Each may compete for resources in the same Org.
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Conclusion

• Nation states had creatively used the
  intelligence in sp of their National Interests
  both on peace and war.

• Many Nation states are using it effectively today.

• Immediate, short term and long term intelligence
  is planned and prioritized.

• Int org/agents are tasked to gather and forward
  infos to their respective centers so that it can
  be converted into meaningful and timely
  intelligence enabling the org/state to accomplish
  the task it has been undertaking.

Sometimes, the int may not be timely, inaccurate
or wrongly interpreted but, there is no
substitute to this.