Displays and Instruments/Crew Station

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Displays and Instruments/Crew Station

• AIAA Team4
• Ken Min
• Kyle Nam

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Outline

• FAR Requirements
• - Displays/Instruments
• - Crew Stations
• Examples and Specific components
• New developments

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FAR Pertaining to Instruments/Displays1
 25.1301 Function and installation
25.1303 Flight and navigation instruments
25.1305 Powerplant instruments
25.1307 Miscellaneous equipment
25.1321 Arrangement and visibility
25.1322 Warning, caution, and advisory lights
25.1323 Airspeed indicating system
25.1327 Magnetic direction indicator
25.1329 Flight guidance system
25.1331 Instruments using a power supply
25.1333 Instrument systems
25.1337 Powerplant instruments
25.1351 General
25.1381 Instrument lights

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FAR Requirements Flight and navigation
instruments1

• Section 25.1303
• - Following instruments must be visible from
  each pilot station
• a) Free air temperature indicator
• b) Clock with displaying hours, minutes, and
  seconds, either analogue or
• digital
• c) Direction indicator (nonstabilized magnetic
  compass)
• - Following instruments must be installed at
  each pilot station
• a) Airspeed indicator
• b) Altimeter
• c) Rate of climb indicator
• d) Gyroscopic rate-of-turn indicator combined
  with an integral slip-skid indicator
• e) Bank and pitch indicator
• f) Direction indicator (gyroscopically
  stabilized, magnetic or nonmagnetic)
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FAR Requirements Flight and navigation
instruments1 continued

• Additional instruments required
• - An audible speed warning device is required
  for turbine engine powered airplanes and for
  airplanes with VMO/MMO greater than 0.8 VDF/MDF
  or 0.8 VD/MD, whenever the speed exceeds VMO plus
  6 knots or MMO 0.01. (VMO/MMO maximum operating
  limit speed, VDF/MDF demonstrated flight diving
  speed, VD/MD design diving speed)
• - A machmeter is required at each pilot station
  for airplanes with compressibility limitations
  not otherwise indicated to the pilot by the
  airspeed indicating system required in the
  previous page.
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FAR Requirements Powerplant instruments1

• Section 25.1305
• - For all airplanes
• a) Fuel quantity indicator for each fuel tank
• b) Oil quantity indicator for each oil tank
• c) Oil pressure indicator for each independent
  pressure oil system of each engine.
• d) An oil temperature indicator for each engine.
  
• e) Fire-warning devices that provide visual and
  audible warning.
• f) An augmentation liquid quantity indicator for
  each tank.
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FAR Requirements Powerplant instruments1
continued

• - For turbine engine-powered airplanes.
• a) A gas temperature indicator for each engine.
• b) A fuel flowmeter indicator for each engine.
• c) A tachometer for each engine.
• d) A means to indicate, to the flight crew, the
  operation of each engine starter that can be
  operated continuously but that is neither
  designed for continuous operation nor designed to
  prevent hazard if it failed.
• e) An indicator to indicate the functioning of
  the powerplant ice protection system for each
  engine.
• f) An indicator for the fuel strainer or filter
  required by 25.997 to indicate the occurrence of
  contamination of the strainer or filter before it
  reaches the capacity established in accordance
  with 25.997(d).
• g) A warning means for the oil strainer or
  filter required by 25.1019, if it has no bypass,
  to warn the pilot of the occurrence of
  contamination of the strainer or filter screen
  before it reaches the capacity established in
  accordance with 25.1019(a)(2).
• h) An indicator to indicate the proper
  functioning of any heater used to prevent ice
  clogging of fuel system components.
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FAR Requirements Powerplant instruments1
continued

• - For turbojet engine powered airplanes.
• a) An indicator to indicate thrust, or a
  parameter that is directly related to thrust, to
  the pilot.
• b) A position indicating means to indicate to
  the flightcrew when the thrust reversing device -
• (i) Is not in the selected position, and
• (ii) Is in the reverse thrust position, for
  each engine using a thrust reversing
  device.
• c) An indicator to indicate rotor system
  unbalance.
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FAR Pertaining to Crew Station1
 25.772 Pilot compartment doors
 25.773 Pilot compartment view
 25.775 Windshields and windows
 25.777 Cockpit controls
 25.781 Cockpit control knob shape
 25.785 Seats, berths, safety belts, and harnesses
 25.1523 Minimum flight crew

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FAR Requirements Cockpit controls 1

• Section 25.777
• a) Each cockpit control must be located to
  provide convenient operation and to prevent
  confusion and inadvertent operation.
• b) The direction of movement of cockpit controls
  must meet the requirements of 25.779. Wherever
  practicable, the sense of motion involved in the
  operation of other controls must correspond to
  the sense of the effect of the operation upon the
  airplane or upon the part operated. Controls of a
  variable nature using a rotary motion must move
  clockwise from the off position, through an
  increasing range, to the full on position.
• c) The controls must be located and arranged,
  with respect to the pilots' seats, so that there
  is full and unrestricted movement of each control
  without interference from the cockpit structure
  or the clothing of the minimum flight crew when
  any member of this flight crew, from 5'2inch to
  6'3inch in height, is seated with the seat belt
  and shoulder harness (if provided) fastened.
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FAR Requirements Cockpit control knob shape 1

• Section 25.781
• Cockpit control knobs must conform to the
  general shapes (but not necessarily the exact
  sizes or specific proportions) in the following
  figure
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Crew Station-Seats

• For most military aircraft, the design
  requirements include accommodation of the 5th to
  the 95th percentile of male pilots (i.e., a pilot
  height range of 65.2 73.1 in.)
• Women are not entering the military flying
  profession in substantial numbers.
• __________________________________
• Raymer, Daniel Aircraft Design A Conceptual
  Approach Fourth Edition pg.209

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C130 Cockpit

• http//www.defence.gov.au/news/raafnews/EDITIONS/4
  801/images/04---C130-cockpit.jpg

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C130 Cockpit

• http//www.jetpix.com/webfiles/440AW/c130cockpit_6
  00.jpg

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C130 Cockpit

• http//www.militaryfactory.com/cockpits/imgs/c130.
  jpg

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Aircraft Instruments Manufacturer1

• 1. Astro Manufacturing Design
• Manufacturer of aircraft marine instrument
  panels
• 2. Moog Components Group
• Manufacturer of aircraft navigation and engine
  instrumentation, LCD engine instrumentation and
  custom military display systems
• 3. Stacoswitch, Inc.
• Offers aircraft instruments including EFIS
  lighted aircraft switches and indicators
• 4. Rochester Gauges, Inc.
• Manufacturer of aircraft gauges aircraft
  clusters
• _________________________________
• 1http//www.thomasnet.com/nsearch.html?covNAwhic
  hprodwhatInstruments3AAircraftnavsecsearch
  heading40410706

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Aircraft Seats Manufacturer1

• 1. Stabilus Inc.
• Manufacturer of seats and seat components for
  aircraft and automotive applications
• 2. Wisconsin Foam Products
• Manufacturer distributor of seats seating
  components for seating applications
• 3. Ceradyne, Inc.
• Manufacturer of products include ceramic armor
  seats, components and panel systems for use with
  military helicopters and aircraft
• __________________________________________________
  ____
• 1http//www.thomasnet.com/products/aircraft-seats-
  73650608-1.html

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Prices of the Aircraft Instruments

• Websites that sell the aircraft instruments
• (include Airspeed indicators, altimeters, turn
  and bank indicators, compass, vertical speed
  indicators and gyros, aircraft fuel pressure and
  level sensors, tachometers, fuel quantity
  indicators, and etc.)
• http//www.aircraftspruce.com/menus/in/carburetorg
  auges.html
• http//www.avionix.com/inst-digital.html
• http//www.bpbsurplus.com/lc/cart.php?targetcateg
  orycategory_id315
• http//www.buy-ei.com/FADEC20Instruments.htm
• http//www.chiefaircraft.com/airsec/Aircraft/Fligh
  tInstruments/Airspeeds.html
• http//www.preferredairparts.com/instruments.htm
• Prices range from 50 to 850

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FutureCockpit Controls

• Future military aircraft will require the
  accommodation of approximately the 20th
  percentile female (roughly 5 ft tall) and larger.
  This may affect the detailed layout of cockpit
  controls and displays.

__________________________________ Raymer, Daniel
Aircraft Design A Conceptual Approach Fourth
Edition pg.209
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Future Display System

• Multifunction Electronic Display Subsystem (MEDS)
• Developed by Honeywell Space Systems, Phoenix,
  Ariz.,
• MEDS is a space-qualified adaptation of the
  display technology used on the Boeing 777.
• 1. Crews with easy access to vital information
• 2. The two and three-dimensional color graphic
  and video capabilities
• 3. Information will be interchangeable between
  screens, allowing crews to select the display
  format that best suits the needs of their
  particular mission.

_________________________________________________
_____ http//www.boeing.com/defense-space/space/hs
fe_shuttle/news/1998/news_release_980920a.html
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THE END

• Any Questions?