Facilities Planning

1
Facilities Planning - Unit 10 Material Handling
Equipment
2
Hierarchy of Facility Planning
Source for Figure Tompkins and White, Facilities
Planning, 2nd edition, Wiley
3
Components of Material Handling

• The Materials products, items, substances
  and/or people which are being moved, transported,
  or physically relocated.
• The Move (origin, travel path, destination,
  frequency) to be made.
• The Method (equipment, people, procedures,
  physical facilities) to be used to make the move

Material Handling Equation
4
Principles of Material Handling
The Principles of material Handling serve as a
starting point to identifying potential problems
and assessing need. They are 1. Planning 2. St
andardization 3. Work 4. Ergonomic 5. Unit
Load 6. Space Utilization 7. System 8. Automati
on 9. Environment 10. Life Cycle Cost
5
Cost Reduction Formula
Ask For Every So We Can
Why? Operation Eliminate
Who? Transportation Combine
What? Inspection Change Sequence
Where? Storage Simplify
When? Delay
How?
6
Material Handling TaxonomySource
College-Industry Council on Material Handling
Education (CICMHE)
7
Material Handling Equipment
Material handling equipment (MHE) is used for the
movement and storage of material within a
facility or at a site. MHE can be classified
into the following five major categories Transpo
rt Equipment Equipment used to move material
from one location to another (e.g., between
workplaces, between a loading dock and a storage
area, etc.). The major subcategories of transport
equipment are conveyors , cranes, and industrial
trucks. Material can also be transported
manually using no equipment.
8
Material Handling Equipment
Positioning Equipment. Equipment used to handle
material at a single location so that it is in
the correct position for subsequent handling,
machining, transport, or storage. Unlike
transport equipment, positioning equipment is
usually used for handling at a single workplace.
Material can also be positioned manually using no
equipment. Unit Load Formation Equipment.
Equipment used to restrict materials so that they
maintain their integrity when handled as a single
load during transport and for storage. If
materials are self-restraining (e.g., a single
part or interlocking parts), then they can be
formed into a unit load with no equipment.
9
Material Handling Equipment
Storage Equipment. Equipment used for holding or
buffering materials over a period of time. Some
storage equipment may include the transport of
materials (e.g., the S/R machines of an AS/RS, or
storage carousels). If materials are block
stacked directly on the floor, then no storage
equipment is required. Identification and
Control Equipment. Equipment used to collect and
communicate the information that is used to
coordinate the flow of materials within a
facility and between a facility and its suppliers
and customers. The identification of materials
and associated control can be performed manually
with no specialized equipment.
10
Material Handling EquipmentTransport Equipment
The major subcategories of transport equipment
are Conveyors. Equipment used to move materials
over a fixed path between specific points.
Cranes. Equipment used to move materials over
variable paths within a restricted area.
Industrial Trucks. Equipment used to move
materials over variable paths, with no
restrictions on the area covered by the movement
(i.e., unrestricted area). No Equipment.
Material can also be transported manually using
no equipment.
11
Material Handling EquipmentTransport Equipment
12
Material Handling EquipmentTransport Equipment -
Conveyors

• Conveyors are used
• When material is to be moved frequently between
  specific points
• To move materials over a fixed path
• When there is a sufficient flow volume to justify
  the fixed conveyor investment

• Conveyors can be classified in different ways
• Type of product being handled unit load or bulk
  load
• Location of the conveyor overhead, on-floor, or
  in-floor
• Whether or not loads can accumulate on the
  conveyor

13
Material Handling EquipmentTransport Equipment -
Conveyors
Chute conveyor Wheel conveyor Roller conveyor Gravity roller conveyor Live (powered) roller conveyor Chain conveyor Slat conveyor Flat belt conveyor Magnetic belt conveyor Troughed belt conveyor Bucket conveyor Vibrating conveyor Screw conveyor Pneumatic conveyor Dilute-phase pneumatic conveyor Carrier-system pneumatic conveyor Vertical conveyor Vertical lift conveyor Reciprocating vertical conveyor Cart-on-track conveyor Tow conveyor Trolley conveyor Power-and-free conveyor Monorail Sortation conveyor Diverter Pop-up device Sliding shoe device Tilting device Cross-belt transfer device
14
Material Handling EquipmentTransport Equipment -
Conveyors
Chute Conveyor
Wheel Conveyor
15
Material Handling EquipmentTransport Equipment -
Conveyors
Gravity Roller Conveyor
Chain Conveyor
Live (Powered) Roller Conveyor
16
Material Handling EquipmentTransport Equipment -
Conveyors
Slat Conveyor
Flat Belt Conveyor
Magnetic Belt Conveyor
17
Material Handling EquipmentTransport Equipment -
Conveyors
Bucket Conveyor
Troughed Belt Conveyor
Vibrating Conveyor
18
Material Handling EquipmentTransport Equipment -
Conveyors
Screw Conveyor
Carrier-System Pneumatic Conveyor
Dilute-Phase Pneumatic Conveyor
19
Material Handling EquipmentTransport Equipment -
Conveyors
Reciprocating Vertical Conveyor
Cart-On-Track Conveyor
Vertical Lift Conveyor
20
Material Handling EquipmentTransport Equipment -
Conveyors
Trolley Conveyor
Tow Conveyor
21
Material Handling EquipmentTransport Equipment -
Conveyors
Power-and-Free Conveyor
Monorail
22
Material Handling EquipmentTransport Equipment -
Conveyors
Sortation Conveyor
Sortation Conveyor Diverter
23
Material Handling EquipmentTransport Equipment -
Conveyors
Sortation Conveyor Pop-Up Device
Sortation Conveyor Sliding Shoe Sorter
24
Material Handling EquipmentTransport Equipment -
Conveyors
Sortation Conveyor Tilting Device
Sortation Conveyor Cross-Belt Transfer Device
25
Material Handling EquipmentTransport Equipment -
Cranes

• General characteristics of cranes
• Used to move loads over variable (horizontal and
  vertical) paths within a restricted area
• Used when there is insufficient (or intermittent)
  flow volume such that the use of a conveyor
  cannot be justified
• Provide more flexibility in movement than
  conveyors
• Provide less flexibility in movement than
  industrial trucks
• Loads handled are more varied with respect to
  their shape and weight than those handled by a
  conveyor
• Most cranes utilize hoists for vertical movement,
  although manipulators can be used if precise
  positioning of the load is required

26
Material Handling EquipmentTransport Equipment -
Cranes

• Cranes are used to move materials over variable
  paths within a restricted area. The major types
  of cranes are
• Jib crane
• Bridge crane
• Gantry crane
• Stacker crane

27
Material Handling EquipmentTransport Equipment -
Cranes
Jib Crane
Stacker Crane
Bridge Crane
28
Material Handling EquipmentTransport Equipment -
Cranes
Gantry Crane
29
Material Handling EquipmentTransport Equipment
Industrial Trucks

• Industrial trucks
• Used to move materials over variable (horizontal)
  paths with no restrictions on the area covered
  (i.e., unrestricted area)
• Provide vertical movement if the truck has
  lifting capabilities
• Used when there is insufficient (or intermittent)
  flow volume such that the use of a conveyor
  cannot be justified
• Provide more flexibility in movement than
  conveyors and cranes
• Not licensed to travel on public
  roads"commercial trucks" are licensed to travel
  on public roads

30
Material Handling EquipmentTransport Equipment
Industrial Trucks
Hand truck Two-wheeled hand truck Dolly Floor hand truck Pallet jack Manual pallet jack Powered pallet jack Walkie stacker Manual walkie stacker Powered walkie stacker Pallet truck Platform truck Walkie platform truck Rider platform truck Counterbalanced lift truck Sit-down counterbalanced lift truck Stand-up counterbalanced lift truck Narrow-aisle straddle truck Narrow-aisle reach truck Turret truck Operator-down turret truck Operator-up turret truck Order picker Sideloader Tractor-trailer Personnel and burden carrier Automatic guided vehicle (AGV) Tow AGV Unit load AGV Assembly AGV Light load AGV Fork AGV
31
Material Handling EquipmentTransport Equipment
Industrial Trucks
Two-Wheeled Hand Truck
Floor Hand Truck
32
Material Handling EquipmentTransport Equipment
Industrial Trucks
Manual Pallet Jack
Manual Walkie Stacker
Powered Pallet Jack
Powered Walkie Stacker
33
Material Handling EquipmentTransport Equipment
Industrial Trucks
Narrow-Aisle (NA) Straddle Truck
Sit-Down Counterbalanced Lift Truck
Narrow-Aisle (NA) Reach Truck
Operator-Down Turret Truck
34
Material Handling EquipmentTransport Equipment
Industrial Trucks
Tow AGV
Unit Load AGV
Assembly AGV
35
Material Handling EquipmentPowered Industrial
Trucks
The powered industrial trucks are used for moving
either mixed or uniform loads intermittently over
various paths. While these paths can be somewhat
random at the discretion of the driver, the paths
are restricted to suitable indoor or outdoor
surfaces. These trucks are used for moving
either mixed or uniform loads intermittently over
various paths. While these paths can be somewhat
random at the discretion of the driver, the paths
are restricted to suitable indoor or outdoor
surfaces.
36
Material Handling EquipmentPowered Industrial
Trucks
Industrial trucks provide not only a means of
transporting materials, but also provide a means
of accurate lifting and stacking. Appropriate
tooling for the truck permits users to lift not
only pallets, but a wide array of specialized
loads. For example, rolls of carpet are easily
moved via industrial truck by replacing standard
forks with a single tube.
37
Material Handling EquipmentPowered Industrial
Trucks
Slides 37-50 are supplemental to already
published CICMHE Material Handling Taxonomy.
These slides are created using literature from
the Industrial Truck Association and the
document, An Introduction to Material Handling
Equipment Selection1 edited by Brett A. Peters.
Powered industrial trucks can be found in almost
any manufacturing plant, loading dock, or
warehouses. Powered industrial trucks are made
by a variety of manufacturers for diverse
purposes, including some highly specialized
applications. Internal combustion trucks add
the advantage of outdoor use. They can lift
2,000 to 15,000 pounds with some specialty trucks
lifting up to 50 tons. They can lift up to 20
feet in height and can operate on gasoline,
LP-gas, or diesel fuel.
38
Material Handling EquipmentPowered Industrial
Trucks
The Industrial Truck Association (ITA) has
classified the powered trucks into seven classes
which are Class 1 Electric Motor Rider
Trucks Class 2 Electric Motor Narrow Aisle
Trucks Class 3 Electric Motor Hand Truck Class
4 Internal Combustion Engine Trucks Cushion
Tires Only Class 5 Internal Combustion Engine
Trucks Pneumatic Tires Only Class 6 Electric
and Internal Combustion Engine Tow Tractors Class
7 Rough Terrain Fork Lift Trucks Each of the
classes are divided into lift codes. See the
ITA Pictorial Model Listing.
39
Material Handling EquipmentPowered Industrial
Trucks
The first five classes are the most common.
Detailed information is available through the
ITA. Electric Motor Rider Trucks are general
purpose trucks and are used primarily indoors.
These trucks can lift up to 6 tons and up to 18
feet in height. Electric Motor Narrow Aisle
Trucks are used in narrow aisle applications.
These trucks are used primarily for
storage/retrieval in applications similar to
AS/RS functions. They can easily lift loads from
2,000 to 4,500 pounds to heights of 40 feet.
40
Material Handling EquipmentPowered Industrial
Trucks
Electric Motor Hand Trucks are generally used for
indoor applications and can handle loads up to 4
tons. These trucks are perfect for situations in
which material is to be moved from one location
to another without the need for lifting more than
a few inches. For example, this type of truck is
commonly used in grocery stores to move pallet
loads of cans or boxes to a display location
within the store. An added convenience is that
the operator can move among customers in the
store safely and without obstructed views.
41
Material Handling EquipmentPowered Industrial
Trucks
Internal Combustion Trucks add the advantage of
outdoor use. They can lift 2,000 to 15,000
pounds with some specialty trucks lifting up to
50 tons. They can lift up to 20 feet in height
and can operate on gasoline, LP-gas, or diesel
fuel. Internal combustion trucks add the
advantage of outdoor use. They can lift 2,000 to
15,000 pounds with some specialty trucks lifting
up to 50 tons. They can lift up to 20 feet in
height and can operate on gasoline, LP-gas, or
diesel fuel.
42
Material Handling EquipmentPowered Industrial
Trucks - ITA Classification
Class 1 Electric Motor Rider Trucks Class 1 Electric Motor Rider Trucks
Lift Code 1 Counterbalanced Rider Type, Stand Up
Lift Code 4 Three Wheel Electric Trucks, Sit-Down
Lift Code 5 Counterbalanced Rider Type, Cushion Tires, Sit-Down (Includes High Low Platform)
Lift Code 6 Counterbalanced Rider, Pneumatic Type Tire, Sit-Down (Includes High Low Platform)
43
Material Handling EquipmentPowered Industrial
Trucks - ITA Classification
Class 2 Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks Class 2 Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks
Lift Code 1 High Lift Straddle
Lift Code 2  Order Picker
Lift Code 3  Reach Type Outrigger
Lift Code 4 Side Loaders, Turret Trucks, Swing Mast and Convertible Turret/Stock Pickers
Lift Code 6 Low Lift Pallet and Platform (Rider)
44
Material Handling EquipmentPowered Industrial
Trucks - ITA Classification
Class 3 Electric Motor Hand Truck Class 3 Electric Motor Hand Truck
Lift Code 1 Low Lift Platform
Lift Code 2 Low Lift Walkie Pallet
Lift Code 3 Tractors (Draw Bar Pull Under 999 Lbs.)
Lift Code 4 Low Lift Walkie/Center Control
Lift Code 5 Reach Type Outrigger
Lift Code 6 High Lift Straddle
Lift Code 7  High Lift Counterbalanced
Lift Code 8  Low Lift Walkie/Rider Pallet
45
Material Handling EquipmentPowered Industrial
Trucks - ITA Classification
Class 4 Internal Combustion Engine Trucks Cushion Tires Only Class 4 Internal Combustion Engine Trucks Cushion Tires Only
Lift Code 3  Fork, Counterbalanced (Cushion Tire)
Class 5 Internal Combustion Engine Trucks Pneumatic Tires Only Class 5 Internal Combustion Engine Trucks Pneumatic Tires Only
Lift Code 4 Fork, Counterbalanced (Pneumatic Tire)
Class 6 Electric and Internal Combustion Engine Tow Tractors Class 6 Electric and Internal Combustion Engine Tow Tractors
Lift Code 1 Sit-Down Rider (Draw Bar Pull Over 999 Lbs.)
Class 7 Rough Terrain Fork Lift Trucks Class 7 Rough Terrain Fork Lift Trucks
Lift Code 1 All Rough Terrain Lift Trucks
46
Material Handling EquipmentPowered Industrial
Trucks - ITA Pictorial Model Listing


Class I - Electric Motor Rider Trucks (Lift Code
1)
Class I - Electric Motor Rider Trucks (Lift Code
4)
Class I - Electric Motor Rider Trucks (Lift Code
5)
Class I - Electric Motor Rider Trucks (Lift Code
6)
Class II - Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks
(Lift Code 1)
Class II - Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks
(Lift Code 2)
47
Material Handling EquipmentPowered Industrial
Trucks - ITA Pictorial Model Listing


Class II - Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks
(Lift Code 4)
Class II - Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks
(Lift Code 4)
Class II - Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks
(Lift Code 3)
Class II - Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks
(Lift Code 4)
Class II - Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks
(Lift Code 6)
Class II - Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks
(Lift Code 6)
48
Material Handling EquipmentPowered Industrial
Trucks - ITA Pictorial Model Listing


Class III - Electric Motor Hand Trucks (Lift Code
1)
Class III - Electric Motor Hand Trucks (Lift Code
2)
Class III - Electric Motor Hand Trucks (Lift Code
3)
Class III - Electric Motor Hand Trucks (Lift Code
4)
Class III - Electric Motor Hand Trucks (Lift Code
5)
Class III - Electric Motor Hand Trucks (Lift Code
6)
49
Material Handling EquipmentPowered Industrial
Trucks - ITA Pictorial Model Listing


Class III - Electric Motor Hand Trucks (Lift Code
6)
Class III - Electric Motor Hand Trucks (Lift Code
6)
Class III - Electric Motor Hand Trucks (Lift Code
7)
Class V Internal Combustion Engine
Trucks-Pneumatic Tires Only (Lift Code 4)
Class III - Electric Motor Hand Trucks (Lift Code
8)
Class IV Internal Combustion Engine Trucks
(Lift Code 3)
50
Material Handling EquipmentPowered Industrial
Trucks - ITA Pictorial Model Listing

Class VI Electric and Internal Combustion
Engine Tractors (Lift Code 1)
Class VII Rough Terrain Forklift Trucks (Lift
Code 1)
Class VII Rough Terrain Forklift Trucks (Lift
Code 1)
For additional information on industrial truck
classification, visit the Industrial Truck
Association web site at http//www.indtrk.org
51
Material Handling EquipmentPositioning Equipment
Positioning equipment is used to handle material
at a single location so that the material is in
the correct position for subsequent handling,
machining, transport, or storage. Unlike
transport equipment, positioning equipment is
usually used for handling at a single workplace.
Material can also be positioned manually using no
equipment.
52
Material Handling EquipmentPositioning Equipment
As compared to manual handling, the use of
positioning equipment can provide the following
benefits Modern Materials Handling, Sept. 1993

• raise the productivity of each worker when the
  frequency of handling is high,
• improve product quality and limit damage to
  materials and equipment when the item handled is
  heavy or awkward to hold and damage is likely
  through human error or inattention, and
• reduce fatigue and injuries when the environment
  is hazardous or inaccessible.

53
Material Handling EquipmentPositioning Equipment
Manual (no equipment) Lift/tilt/turn table Dock leveler Ball transfer table Rotary index table Parts feeder Air film device Hoist Balancer Manipulator Rigid-link manipulator Articulated jib crane manipulator Vacuum manipulator Industrial robot
54
Material Handling EquipmentPositioning Equipment
Lift/Tilt/Turn Table
Rotary Index Table
Dock Leveler
55
Material Handling EquipmentPositioning Equipment
Rigid-Link Manipulator
Parts Feeder
Air Film Device
56
Material Handling EquipmentPositioning Equipment
Industrial Robot
Articulated Jib Crane Manipulator
Vacuum Manipulator
57
Material Handling EquipmentUnit Load Formation
Equipment
Unit load formation equipment used to restrict
materials so that they maintain their integrity
when handled a single load during transport and
for storage.

• Advantages of unit loads
• More items can be handled at the same time,
  thereby reducing the number of trips required
  and, potentially, reducing handling costs,
  loading and unloading times, and product damage.
• Enables the use of standardized material handling
  equipment.
• Disadvantages of unit loads
• Time spent forming and breaking down the unit
  load.
• Cost of containers/pallets and other load
  restraining materials used in the unit load
• Empty containers/pallets may need to be returned
  to their point of origin.

58
Material Handling EquipmentUnit Load Formation
Equipment
Self-restraining (no equipment) Pallets Skids Slipsheets Tote pans Pallet boxes/skid boxes Bins/baskets/racks Cartons Bags Bulk load containers Crates Intermodal containers Strapping/tape/glue Shrink-wrap/stretch-wrap Palletizers Manual palletizing Robotic pick and place palletizers Conventional stripper plate palletizers
59
Material Handling EquipmentUnit Load Formation
Equipment
Slip Sheets
Tote Pans
Pallets
60
Material Handling EquipmentUnit Load Formation
Equipment
Pallet Boxes/Skid Boxes
Intermodal Containers
61
Material Handling EquipmentUnit Load Formation
Equipment
Manual Palletizing
Robotic Pick and Place Palletizers
Shrink-Wrap/Stretch-Wrap
62
Material Handling EquipmentStorage Equipment
Storage equipment used for holding or buffering
materials over a period of time. The most common
reason for storing a product allows the other
elements of production to operate more
efficiently on a per-unit basis because the fixed
costs associated with utilizing the element can
be spread over more products e.g., storing up to
a truckload of product in a facility reduces the
per-unit costs of shipping and buffering or
storage of WIP enables batch production which
reduces the per-unit setup costs.
63
Material Handling EquipmentStorage Equipment
Other potential reasons for storage include time
bridgingallows product to be available when it
is needed (e.g., storing spare machine parts at
the facility) processingfor some products
(e.g., wine), storage can be considered as a
processing operation because the product
undergoes a required change during storage and
securinge.g., nuclear waste storage.
64
Material Handling EquipmentStorage Equipment
Block stacking (no equipment) Selective pallet rack Drive-through rack Drive-in rack Flow-through rack Push-back rack Sliding rack Cantilever rack Stacking frame Shelves/bins/drawers Storage carousel Automatic storage/retrieval systems (AS/RS) Unit load AS/RS Mini load AS/RS Man-on-board AS/RS Deep-lane AS/RS Split case order picking system Mezzanine
65
Material Handling EquipmentStorage Equipment
Drive-Through Rack
Selective Pallet Rack
66
Material Handling EquipmentStorage Equipment
Drive-In Rack
Flow-Through Rack
67
Material Handling EquipmentStorage Equipment
Sliding Rack
Push-Back Rack
68
Material Handling EquipmentStorage Equipment
Shelves / Bins / Drawers
Storage Carousel
69
Material Handling EquipmentStorage Equipment
Mini-load AS/RS
Unit Load AS/RS
70
Material Handling EquipmentStorage Equipment
Man-On-Board AS/RS
Split-Case Order Picking System
71
Material Handling EquipmentIdentification and
Control Equipment
Identification and control equipment is used to
collect and communicate the information that is
used to coordinate the flow of materials within a
facility and between a facility and its suppliers
and customers.
Manual (no equipment) Bar codes Radio frequency (RF) tag Magnetic stripe Machine vision Portable data terminal Electronic data interchange (EDI)/Internet
72
Material Handling EquipmentIdentification and
Control Equipment

• Manual (No Equipment)
• The identification of materials and associated
  communication can be performed manually with no
  specialized equipment
• Although it is sometimes possible to manually
  coordinate the operation of a material handling
  system, it becomes more difficult to do so as the
  speed, size, and complexity of the system
  increases

73
Material Handling EquipmentIdentification and
Control Equipment

• Bar Codes
• Unique bar/space patterns represent various
  alphanumeric characters
• Bar code system consists of bar code label, bar
  code scanner, and bar code printer
• Contact bar code scanners use pen or wand to read
  labels
• Non-contact bar code scanners include fixed beam,
  moving beam, and omni-directional
• 1-D codes are most common 2-D codes enable much
  greater data storage capability

74
Material Handling EquipmentIdentification and
Control Equipment

• Radio Frequency (RF) Tag
• Data encoded on chip encased in a tag
• Non-contact can be read when the tag is within
  30 ft. of an antenna
• Tags can either be attached to a container, or
  permanently or temporarily to an item
• RF tags have greater data storage capability than
  bar codes

75
Material Handling EquipmentIdentification and
Control Equipment

• Magnetic Stripe
• Data encoded on a magnetic stripe that is
  readable in almost any environment
• Requires contact with a reader
• Greater storage capability and more expensive
  than bar codes

76
Material Handling EquipmentIdentification and
Control Equipment

• Machine Vision
• Does not require explicit encoding of data since
  objects can be identified by their physical
  appearance
• Non-contact, but typically requires structured
  lighting
• More flexible than other identification
  equipment, but less robust

77
Material Handling EquipmentIdentification and
Control Equipment

• Portable Data Terminal
• Handheld, arm-mounted, or vehicle-mounted data
  storage and communication device
• Communicates with a host computer via a radio
  frequency or infrared link
• Variety of input devices available keyboard, bar
  code scanner, voice headset

78
Material Handling EquipmentIdentification and
Control Equipment

• Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)/Internet
• Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides
  standards for inter-corporate transfer of
  purchase orders, invoices, shipping notices, and
  other frequently used business documents
• Prior to the Internet, EDI required expensive
  dedicated value added networks (VANs)
• EDI is critical for implementing JIT manufacturing

79
Material Handling EquipmentIdentification and
Control Equipment
Deciding on a Picking Medium in Picking
Operations As part of warehousing operations and
specifically in picking operations,
identification of the parts and their locations
can have an impact on the picking speed. The
following are the most commonly used mechanisms
for communicating picks to order pickers

• Label Picking
• Pick to Light
• Radio Frequency Barcode Picking
• Voice Picking

80
Material Handling Equipment
For complete information and more details about
the Material Handling Equipment visit
http//www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/index.htm This
web site is made available through support of
The College-Industry Council on Material Handling
Education (CICMHE)
The College-Industry Council on Material Handling
Education (CICMHE) is an independent organization
which prepares and provides information, teaching
materials and various events in support of
material handling education and research.
Founded in 1952, the Council is composed of
college and university educators, material
handling equipment manufacturers, distributors,
users and consultants, representatives of the
business press, and professional staff members of
organizations concerned with material handling
education.
81
Material Handling EquipmentEquipment Selection
Criteria
Material Characteristics
Category Measures
Physical state Size Weight Shape Condition Safety risk and risk of damage Solid, liquid, or gas Volume length, width, height Weight per piece, weight per unit volume Long and flat, round, square, etc. Hot, cold, wet, etc. Explosive, flammable, toxic fragile, etc.
82
Material Handling EquipmentEquipment Selection
Criteria
Flow Rate
83
Material Handling EquipmentEquipment Selection
Criteria
Flow Rate
Quantity Distance Method
Low Short Manual, Hand Truck
Low Long Power Trucks, Unit AGV
High Long Conveyor
High Short Conveyor, Vehicle Train


84
Material Handling EquipmentEquipment Selection
Criteria
Layout Type
Typical Material Handling Equipment
Characteristics
Layout Type
Cranes, hoists, industrial trucks
Large product size, low production rate
Fixed Position
Hand trucks, forklift trucks, AGVs
Variation in product and processing, low and
medium production rates
Process
Conveyors for product flow, trucks to deliver
components to stations.
Product
Limited product variety, high production rate


85
Material Handling EquipmentSafety and Ergonomics
Scientific research shows an increase in injuries
at certain levels of exposure to heavy, frequent
and awkward lifting (Washington State Department
of Labor and Industries, http//www.lni.wa.gov). J
ob design is very important in creating a safe
and healthy work environment and the selection of
proper material handling devices can help with
reducing some of the material handling related
injuries.
86
Material Handling EquipmentSafety and Ergonomics
Job Design

• Paying special attention to

Frequent lifting
Awkward lifting
Heavy lifting
87
Material Handling EquipmentSafety and Ergonomics
Job Design

• WISHA Lifting Calculator
• Other tools
• ACGIH Lifting TLV
• NIOSH Lifting Equation
• Department of Energys ErgoEaser

88
Principles for reducing heavy lifting
Material Handling EquipmentSafety and Ergonomics
Job Design

• Reduce the weight
• Increase the weight
• Use mechanical assistance
• Slide instead of lift
• Team lifting

89
Principles for reducing frequent lifting
Material Handling EquipmentSafety and Ergonomics
Job Design

• Use mechanical assistance
• Avoid unnecessary lifting
• Use mobile storage

90
Principles for reducing awkward lifting - reaching
Material Handling EquipmentSafety and Ergonomics
Job Design

• Remove obstacles
• Slide closer
• Reduce shelf depth
• Reduce package size
• Use mechanical assistance
• Team lifting

91
Principles for reducing awkward lifting - bending
Material Handling EquipmentSafety and Ergonomics
Job Design

• Use mechanical assistance to raise the load
• Add handles
• Arrange storage
• Avoid unnecessary lifting

92
Principles for reducing awkward lifting
reaching above shoulders
Material Handling EquipmentSafety and Ergonomics
Job Design

• Arrange storage
• Use mechanical assistance
• Use a rolling stair or safety ladder

93
Principles for reducing awkward lifting twisting
Material Handling EquipmentSafety and Ergonomics
Job Design

• Use conveyors
• Provide more space
• Arrange storage

Principles for reducing duration of lifting

• Rotate to other jobs
• Use mechanical assistance

94
Material Handling EquipmentSafety and Ergonomics
Visit the Occupational Safety Health
Administration web site at http//osha.gov.
Specifically, visit the OSHA Directorate of
Training and Education (DTE) section. DTEs
Training Resources section of the site offers
references and resources for many safety related
topics including material handling safety.
95
Material Handling EquipmentSafety ??