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Animal Science

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Animal Science Agriscience Applications Objective Investigate careers related to the field of animal science Careers in Agriscience Most entry-level jobs require a ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Animal Science


1
Animal Science
  • Agriscience Applications

2
Objective
  • Investigate careers related to the field of
    animal science

3
Careers in Agriscience
  • Most entry-level jobs require a high school
    diploma
  • 20 require college degrees
  • Some careers require advanced degrees
  • Veterinarian
  • Highly technical task (embryo transfer)
  • High school agriculture class is a good start

4
Veterinarian
5
Embryo Transfer Technicians
6
Objective
  • Examine tools related to the animal science
    industry

7
Animal Science Tools
  • Candling Light
  • View the interior of eggs
  • Castration tools
  • Burdizzo
  • Castrator
  • Artificial Insemination
  • Artificial vagina to collect semen
  • Insemination straw for the disposition of semen
    into the female

8
Egg Candling
9
Egg Candling
10
Semen Collection
11
Ear Notching
12
Animal Science Tools
  • Management tools
  • Dehorner
  • Rectal thermometer
  • Syringe for injections
  • V notcher for identification of swine

13
Animal Science Tools
14
Objective
  • Analyze the various breeds of beef, swine and
    poultry as related to use and the economic value
    of each

15
Beef Breeds
  • English Breeds (European, Bos taurus)
  • Angus- black breed with excellent meat quality
  • Hereford- red with a white face
  • Shorthorn- used in the bloodline of more than 30
    other breeds

16
Angus
17
Beef Breeds
  • Exotic Breeds (India, Bos indicus)
  • Grow faster than English breeds
  • Leaner meat
  • Brahman, BeefMaster, Brangus

18
Brahman
19
Beef Breeds
  • Breeds in America have been developed by crossing
    (breeding) English and Exotic Breeds from India
  • Resulted in
  • Increased heat tolerance
  • Parasite (worms, lice) resistance
  • Resist disease

20
Dairy Breeds
  • Holstein
  • 90 of the dairy cattle in the US
  • Black and white
  • Leading producer of milk
  • Produce about 18,000 lbs. Of milk per cow per year

21
Dairy Breeds
  • Other Breeds
  • Guernsey- fawn and white
  • Jersey- cream to light fawn to almost black
  • Number one in milk fat
  • Ayrshire-cherry red and white
  • Brown Swiss- solid brown

22
Holstein
23
Jersey
24
Swine and Poultry Breeds
  • Objective Analyze the difference between swine
    and poultry

25
Swine Breeds
  • American Landrace
  • Duroc
  • Chester White
  • Hampshire
  • Yorkshire

26
American Landrace
27
Duroc
28
Chester White
29
Hampshire
30
Yorkshire
31
Swine Industry
  • The swine industry has changed from the lard type
    hog to a lean type demanded by consumers today
  • Types of operations
  • Feeder-pig
  • Market-hog
  • Farrow to Finish

32
(No Transcript)
33
Swine Industry
  • Purebred producers produce high quality boars
  • Improves the genetic make-up
  • Purebreds are crossed with regular sows to
    increase hybrid vigor

34
Poultry Production
  • Classified as
  • Broilers
  • Layers
  • egg producers
  • White Leghorn are used mostly for egg production

35
White Leghorn Rooster
36
Poultry Industry
  • Another Class of Chicken is the Bantam
  • Miniature versions of standard breeds
  • Primarily for show
  • 90 of the turkeys grown are broad breasted whites

37
Poultry Industry
Dutch Bantam Chicken
38
Pop-Quiz
  1. Provide an explanation for the term farrow.
  2. What is the breed of cattle that leads in milk
    production?
  3. What breed of cattle is know for producing the
    most milk fat?
  4. What is the most common breed of laying chicken?
  5. Describe the term hybrid vigor.

39
Animal Nutrition
  • Objective Determine the nutritional requirements
    for livestock and poultry breeds found in North
    Carolina

40
Major Nutrients
  • Water
  • Protein
  • Carbohydrates
  • Minerals
  • Vitamins
  • Fats and Oils

41
Water
  • Largest component of all living things
  • Animals tissue is about 75
  • Regulates body temperature
  • Perspiration
  • Transports nutrients
  • Involved in all biochemical reactions

42
Proteins
  • Major component of muscles and tissues
  • Made up of amino acids
  • Continuously needed to replace dying body cells
  • Young animals need large amounts for growth

43
Carbohydrates
  • Composed of sugar and starches
  • Provide energy and heat
  • Make up 75 of most animal rations
  • Main source
  • Corn
  • Cereal grains

44
Minerals
  • 15 essential minerals
  • Calcium, phosphorus, sodium, etc.
  • Example calcium is needed in poultry for
    eggshell development
  • Minerals are supplied by
  • Naturally
  • Mineral supplements
  • Mineral (lick) blocks

45
Vitamins
  • Needed in small quantities
  • Need for vitamins varies from species to species
  • Sources
  • Naturally found in feed
  • Feed additives made from animal by-products
  • Made by the body itself

46
Fats and Oils
  • Only needed in small amounts
  • Improves
  • Flavor
  • Palatability
  • Texture
  • Increases fattening and milk production
  • Carriers of some vitamins

47
Classes of Feed
  • Concentrates
  • Low in fiber
  • Cereal grains
  • Animal and Plant by-products
  • Roughages (high fiber)
  • Dry roughage is hay
  • Green roughage includes pastures
  • Silage is roughage fermented from green chop

48
TDN
  • Total Digestible Nutrients
  • Concentrates are high in TDN
  • Roughages are low in TDN

49
Assignment
  • Read pages 484 to 499
  • Complete Self Evaluation page 499 and page 500
  • Complete both section A and B

50
Animal Digestive Systems
  • Objective Compare animal digestive systems of
    beef, swine, and poultry

51
Ruminants
Ruminant Digestive System
52
Ruminants
  • Cattle, sheep, goats, deer
  • Four compartments to their stomach
  • Can eat more roughage in their diet
  • Grass
  • Hay
  • Silage
  • Green Chop

53
Monogastric
Simple Digestive System
54
Monogastric
  • Swine, horses, rabbits, humans
  • Stomach has one compartment
  • Rations must be high in concentrates
  • Grains
  • Corn
  • Animals can not digest large amounts of fiber or
    roughage

55
Poultry
  • Chickens
  • Turkeys
  • Ducks
  • Geese

56
Poultry
  • No true stomach
  • Can not store large amounts of food
  • Birds do not have teeth for chewing
  • Food is swallowed whole
  • Stored in crop
  • Ground up in the gizzard

57
Pop Quiz
  • Provide an explanation for the term farrow.
  • What is the breed of cattle that leads in milk
    production?
  • What breed of cattle is know for producing the
    most milk fat?
  • What is the most common breed of laying chicken?
  • Describe the term hybrid vigor.

58
Pop Quiz
  1. What nutrient is responsible for muscle growth?
  2. What nutrient makes up 75 of most animals body?
  3. What nutrient is made of sugar and starches?
  4. What nutrient carries fat soluble vitamins?
  5. What type of animal has four compartments to its
    stomach.
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