Red Power, The Chicano Movement, and Stonewall and the Struggle for Gay and Lesbian Rights

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Red Power, The Chicano Movement, and Stonewall
and the Struggle for Gay and Lesbian Rights

• Reform, Revolt and Reaction
• Lecture Fifteen, Term 2 Week 8

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Origins of Red Power

• 1887 Dawes Act
• 1934 Indian Reorganization Act
• WW2 code talkers
• War on Poverty increases funding to reservations

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American Indian Movement (estd. 1968)
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Occupation of Alcatraz (20 Nov 1969 1971)
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The Longest Walk (1978)
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Origins of the Chicano Movement(El Movimiento)

• 1848 Mexican-American War
• 1929 League of United Latin American Citizens
• WW2 Zoot Suit Riots bracero programme
• 1954 Hernandez v. Texas
• 1949 Community Service Organization Edward
  Roybal

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César Chávez

• 1962 estd. National Farm Workers Association
  (United Farm Workers)
• 1964 helped end bracero programme
• 1966 led strike of grape pickers in CA
• Opposition to illegal Mexican immigrant workers

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Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational
Fund estd. 1968
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East LA Walkouts (Chicano Blowouts)1 March 1968

• Led by Moctesuma Esparza and Sal Castro (a
  teacher) the Young Chicanos For Community
  Action or
• Brown Berets

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The Brown Berets
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Origins of the Struggle for Gay Rights

• 1924 Society For Human Rights estd. Henry Gerber
• Alfred Kinsey, Sexual Behavior in the Human Male
  (1948) claims 10 men are homosexual
• 1950 Mattachine
• Society estd. Harry
• Hay

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Stonewall Riots (1969)
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Gay Liberation Front
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Harvey Milk vs the Briggs Initiative (Proposition
6)
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The Assassination of Harvey Milk (27 November
1978)

• Killed along with Mayor George Moscone by fellow
  city supervisor Dan White
• White sentenced to only 7yrs voluntary
  manslaughter, no psychiatric treatment
• White night riots

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Legalisation of Homosexuality

• 1962 Illinois
• 1970s California, Colorado, Delaware, Hawaii,
  Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Nebraska, New Hampshire,
  New Jersey, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio,
  Oregon, South Dakota, Vermont, Washington,
  Wyoming
• 1973 American Psychiatric Association removed
  homosexuality from its list of clinical medical
  disorders.
• 1980s Alaska, New York, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin
• 1986 Bowers v Hardwick
• 2003 Lawrence v Texas (sodomy laws repealed in
  Alabama, Florida, Idaho, Kansas, Louisiana,
  Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina,
  Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas, Utah, Virginia)

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Key Questions to Consider

• Why did Red Power and Chicano Power movements
  appear in the 1960s? How did they differ to Black
  Power?
• Why did the gay rights movement emerge in 1969,
  and why not before then?
• What was the significance of the assassination of
  Harvey Milk?
• Why did it take so long for sodomy laws to be
  repealed?