World War 1

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World War 1

• 1914-1918

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The US before WW1

• REMEMBER!
• Industrialization
• The US begins to increase industry during
  rebuilding from the Civil War (Reconstruction)
• Immigration
• Foreigners begin entering the US for work,
  religious freedom, etc.
• Progressive Era
• Americans are concerned with topics like
  temperance, suffrage, food safety, etc.
• US Expansion
• The US begins looking toward becoming a world
  power through colonization and industrial growth

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Whos To Blame?
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Causesof World War I
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Causes of World War I

• Militarism - naval/arms race
• Alliances - Allies vs. Central Powers
• Imperialism - control over weaker nations
• Nationalism - pride in ones country

Russia will pull out of warUSA will enter later
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Militarism Arms Race
.
Year Total Military Expenses (in millions of s)
1870 94
1890 154
1910 289
1914 398
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The Alliance System

• Triple Entente Triple
  Alliance
• Great Britain Germany
  
• France Austria-
  Hungary
• Russia Italy

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Two Armed Camps

• Allied Powers Central Powers
• Great Britain Germany
• France
  Austria-Hungary
• Russia Ottoman
  Empire
• Italy

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Imperialism Rivalries ()
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Nationalism
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• Nationalism. National and political pride in the
  empire (patriotism?)

The sun never sets on the British Empire.
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TheSpark
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Archduke Franz Ferdinand His Family
Assassinated in Sarajevo
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The Assassin
GavriloPrincip
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The Start of the War

• On June 28, 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand, of
  Austria-Hungary was shot (along with his wife) in
  Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Hertzegovnia.

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An Assassins Story (pg. 8a)

• As a class, we will read page 8a-b, then answer
  the questions on page 8b.

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Homework

• Complete the map on page 9 of your packet.
• Be sure to follow directions (and fill in the
  key)
• Answer questions 1-5 (you do NOT have to use
  complete sentences)

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An Assassins Story (pg. 8a-b)

• What was Gavrilo Princips dream?
• Explain how the following countries became
  involved in WW1 Austria-Hungary, Russia,
  Germany, France, and Britain.
• What country left one group to join the other?
  Why?
• List the countries that fought on the side of the
  Triple Entente.
• List the countries that fought on the side of the
  Triple Alliance.

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The Beginning of the Warits very simple
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The Beginning of the Warits very simple
Allies
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The Great War Map (pg. 9)

• In what country was Sarajevo located?
• How does the geographic location of the Central
  Powers put them at a disadvantage?
• Which of the Central Powers borders Russia?
• Judging from the map, why was the alliance
  between France and Russia a threat to Germany?
• On July 28th, who did Austria-Hungary declare war
  on?

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Great War Map (pg. 9)
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The Western Front A War of Attrition
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Recruitment Poster
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German Atrocities in Belgium
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Trench Warfare clip
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Krupps Big Bertha Gun
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No Mans Land
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Declaration of Neutrality

• What does neutrality mean?
• What do you think President Wilson meant when he
  said the people of the United States are drawn
  from many nations, and chiefly from the nations
  now at war?
• What does President Wilson mean when he said that
  the US must be neutral in fact as well as in
  name?

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American Neutrality (pg. 12)

• The official position of the United States was
  neutrality when WWI broke out. Opinion was
  varied. Most Americans favored the Allies. They
  spoke the same language and shared many
  traditions. The United States and France had
  also been allies in the American Revolution.

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American Neutrality (pg. 12)

• However, about 8 million people were of German or
  Austrian decent and sided with the Central
  Powers.

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American Neutrality (pg. 12)

• The United States benefited from the war for
  several reasons. The economy boomed. Both the
  Allied and Central Powers needed food, weapons,
  oil, steel, and other goods. Americans rushed to
  fill orders. By 1917, trade with the Allies had
  grown SEVEN times in value and by a smaller
  amount Central Powers. (And in some cases,
  decreased). This trade imbalance meant that the
  US was not strictly neutral as it claimed to be.

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US Exports (pg. 13)

• What happened to trade with major ALLIED Powers
  between 1914 and 1916?
• What happened to trade with major CENTRAL Powers
  between 1914 and 1916?
• What does the difference tell you?

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The Zimmermann Telegram (pg. 16)

• February, 28 1917
• To Bernstorff,
• Washington DC
• US press to publish contents of telegram sent to
  Von Eckhardt tomorrow prepare for public outrage
  and massive demonstrations outside embassy.
• Zimmermann
• Berlin

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The Zimmermann Telegram (page 17-18)

• What type of document is this?
• Primary Source (telegram)
• What does Germany plan to do on February 1?
• Begin unrestricted submarine warfare
• What does Germany want the United States to do?
• Remain neutral

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The Zimmermann Telegram (page 17-18)

• What does Germany promise to Mexico?
• Land lost in the Mexican-American war (Texas, New
  Mexico, Arizona)
• Why do you think this document was written?
• To communicate with Mexico
• To warn the United States
• To get the US involved in WW1

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Make War for Democracy (pg. 12a-b)

• 1. What was the attitude in the US toward the
  war in Europe when it began in 1914?
• Neutral
• 2. Why did President Woodrow Wilson change his
  mind about the war?
• Submarine warfare by Germany
• 3. What did Representative Claude Kitchin
  suggest the US do to avoid war with Germany?
• Stop trading with the allies

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Government Involvement - The War at Home

• Using pages 654-660 in your textbook, fill in the
  boxes on page 19 in your packet.
• You may use bulleted answers (not in complete
  sentences).
• You should try to find at least 2 bullet points
  for each box.

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Government Involvement (pg. 19)

• How did the United States raise money to fight
  the war?
• War bonds
• Raised 21 billion

• How did the government get people to support the
  war?
• Hollywood movie stars support bond sales
• Four-Minute Men
• Women worked in factories (and were paid more for
  it)

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Government Involvement (pg. 19)

• How did the government react to antiwar
  activities?
• Passed laws making criticism of the government
  illegal
• Some progressives were jailed

• How did the government get people to join the
  fight?
• Posters
• Songs
• Selective Service (the Draft)

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Government Involvement (pg. 19)

• How did the government get enough food and
  supplies to send to Europe?
• Reorganized the economy
• Herbert Hoover leads the Food Administration
• Victory Gardens, Wheatless Mondays, Meatless
  Tuesdays

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Declaration of War (pg. 20)

• Why does Wilson think the United States must
  declare war?
• Germany has gone too far
• How does Wilson hope to change the behavior of
  nations?
• Holding them responsible as citizens would be
• How does this document help explain the United
  States entry into WW1?
• We can no longer do nothing and must hold Germany
  responsible

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Food and the Flu (pg. 23)

• 1. How many days did they ask Americans to
  change their eating habits?
• 3 (Wheatless, meatless, less fat and sugar)
• 2. Which items should not be eaten on Wheatless
  days?
• Crackers, pastry, macaroni, cereal, bread
• 3. In order to save fat, how should one cook?
• Bake, broil, or stew - dont fry. Use meat
  drippings instead of butter/oil

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Food and the Flu (pg. 23)

• 4. Why could Americans eat fruit, vegetables,
  and potatoes abundantly?
• Could be grown at home (victory gardens), it
  replaces some nutrients (potatoes starch)
• 5. What was the goal of food rationing?
• To be sure there is enough food to feed the
  troops and send to Europe for the war effort

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Food and the Flu (pg. 23)

• 6. Identify one way in which people attempted to
  cure the flu.
• Wear roomy clothes, onions, carefully chewing
  food
• 7. In 1919, how many deaths were reported in
  Syracuse due to influenza and pneumonia?
• 908
• 8. What was Syracuses rank for the severity of
  influenza compared to the rest of the cities in
  the United States?
• 4th

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World War 1 Assignment

• Put your name on the front of the purple sheet.
  Label it as binder page 35.
• Somewhere on the front of the sheet, write down a
  due date of Friday, January 21.

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World War 1 Stations

• Turn to page 24 in your packet.
• Using the information in the folders, answer the
  questions on pages 24-27 in your packet.

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Table of Contents Update

• 29. Expansion Packet
• 30. War with Spain Packet
• 31. Cuba Map Packet
• 32. US in the Pacific MVPs
• 33. Expansion Quest
• 34. World War 1 Packet
• 35. WW1 Assignment (Project)
• 36. Midterm
• 37. DBQ - World War 1

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Calendar Update

• January 21 - WW1 Project Due
• January 24 - Midterm Exam
• January 25-28 - DBQ on WW1
• January 31 - Begin 1920s Unit

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Trench Warfare

• 1. What are two hardships faced by those in the
  the trenches?
• Rats, trench foot, mud, open to enemy
• 2. What was the land between the two sides
  called?
• No mans land
• 3. What were two hazards faced in this area?
• Land mines, artillery, gas warfare
• 4. Was this an effective way of gaining
  territory? Why or why not?
• No, dangerous/open to enemy

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Women in the War

• 1. What were 2 specific activities women engaged
  in to help the war effort?
• Elevator operators, mechanics
• 2. What were the peach pits on page 231 going to
  be used for?
• Filters for gas masks
• 3. Why were women collecting so many books?
• Educate/entertain the troops
• 4. Why might women have been performing jobs
  that until this time were only held by men?
• Men were fighting in the war

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Songs to Raise Morale

• 1. Who are the Yanks?
• Americans
• 2. What are the Yanks preparing to do?
• Go to war
• 3. What is the mood of this song?
• Happy, energetic
• 4. How does the composer of this song think that
  those remaining home should feel about the
  soldiers?
• Proud

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Quotes from the Great War

• 1. Is Wilson in favor of the war?
• Yes
• 2. Does Gallagher agree with Wilson? Explain.
• No, he believed the government didnt understand
  what war was really like
• 3. Houston expressed what concerns relative to
  the US military?
• Discrimination
• 4. What is the mood of In Flanders Fields?
  Who is described? What does the poet want us to
  do?
• Sad and mourning, dead soldiers, remember the dead

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Gas Warfare

• 1. How did the Germans gain the upper hand in
  the battles in which gas was used?
• French felt the effects first
• 2. What is the purpose of gas warfare?
• Terror weapon - used to create panic
• 3. Name a problem with each type of gas mask?
• Did not filter deadly gasses, not effective

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Propaganda

• 1. What were to specific things that the posters
  encouraged citizens to do?
• Support the war, buy liberty bonds
• 2. How does the artist use family to lure men to
  the war effort?
• Family pride, protection, children look up to you
• How does the artist use sex appeal?
• Low cut clothing to get mens attention
• How do the artists appeal to women?
• Women would want to be strong and independent
  like the women in the picture

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War Casualties

• 1. What were the total number of US battle
  deaths?
• 116,516
• Wounded?
• 204,002
• Total casualties?
• 320,518
• 2. Which country had the greatest number of
  battle deaths?
• Germany

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War Casualties
Allied Powers Deaths Central Powers Deaths
Russia 1,700,000 Germany 1,773,700
France 1,357,800 Austria-Hungary 1,200,000
G. Britain 908,371 Turkey 325,000
Total 3,966,171 Total 3,298,700
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War Casualties

• 4. Which side suffered the greatest number of
  deaths?
• Allies
• 5. What is one reason for the relatively low
  death toll of US troops?
• Entered the war late
• 6. Which country had the greatest number of
  prisoners or missing persons?
• Russia

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Selective Service

• 1. Why did President Wilson implement the draft?
• We needed more soldiers than had signed up
• 2. How many American troops did General Pershing
  estimate were needed?
• 3 million
• 3. How many eventually enlisted/were drafted?
• 2.8 million (4.8 million total served)

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The War to End All Wars

• World War 1 ended on November 1, 1918
• The Allied powers (Triple Entente) were
  victorious giving Great Britain, France, Italy,
  and the United States were setting punishments
  for the Central Powers (Triple Alliance).

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The War to End All Wars

• 1. Fourteen Points
• No secret agreements
• Freedom of the seas
• Free trade
• Arms limits
• Peaceful settlements of colonial disputes
• National Self-Determination
• General Association of Nations - League of
  Nations

• 2. Treaty of Versailles
• Germany must accept full responsibility
• Germany must DISARM completely
• Germany must pay huge reparations () to the
  Allies
• Germany was stripped of any colonies

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The War to End All Wars

• League of Nations was created (January 10, 1920 -
  officially)
• The United States Congress rejected the treaty
• Many Americans were divided on the issue of the
  treaty
• Henry Cabot Lodge (MA) wanted changes to the
  treaty before signing - led the rejection