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HAND HYGIENE

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HAND HYGIENE PRESENTER: CATHERINE W NGUGI * Objectives Identify the single most effective way to reduce the spread of hospital associated infections List the two main ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: HAND HYGIENE


1
HAND HYGIENE
  • PRESENTER
  • CATHERINE W NGUGI

2
Objectives
  • Identify the single most effective way to reduce
    the spread of hospital associated infections
  • List the two main methods of doing hand hygiene
  • List the steps in proper hand washing
  • Identify when hand hygiene should be performed
  • Recognize incorrect and/ or unsafe hand hygiene
    practices
  • Identify some of the challenges to hand hygiene
    compliance

3
When to Perform Hand Hygiene
  • Before After caring for patients
  • Before After placement of an invasive device
  • Before After preparing or handling food
  • When in- contact with a patient or potentially
    contaminated surfaces / objects
  • After touching blood or body fluids
  • Before After removing gloves
  • Before After toileting
  • Between tasks on the same patient when hands are
    visibly soiled

4
Normal microbial flora of skin
  • Resident- survive multiply in the superficial
    skin layers
  • Transient- recent contaminants that survive
    briefly. E.g klebsiella from patients or the
    environment

5
Hand hygiene
  • Least expensive
  • Single most effective method to prevent the
    spread of many communicable diseases
  • Includes
  • Hand washing use of plain soap water to
    mechanically remove bacteria/ viruses and debris
  • Hand sanitizer use of waterless hand gel to kill
    bacteria viruses on the hands

6
Levels of hand washing
  • Social hand washing
  • Hygienic hand washing
  • Surgical hand washing

7
Hygienic hand washing
  • Before after
  • Invasive procedures
  • Handling wounds, drains, catheters
  • Susceptible patients

8
Surgical hand washing
  • Before all surgical procedures
  • For 2-3 minutes including the wrists fore-arms
  • Sterile disposable nailbrushes may be used to
    clean fingernails
  • Sterile towels are used to dry the hands
    thoroughly

9
How to wash your hands
  • Turn the water on and wet hands
  • Apply soap (plain or antimicrobial) and water to
    entire surface of hands
  • Rub fingers back and forth, and wash around the
    fingernail beds (15-30 seconds)
  • Rinse hands until all soap is gone
  • Dry hands with a clean towel (preferably a
    disposable paper towel)
  • Use towel to turn water off, if possible

10
TECHNIQUE
Right palm over left dorsum and left palm over
right dorsum.
Palm to palm fingers interlaced.
Palm to palm.
Backs of fingers to opposing palms with fingers
interlocked.
11
Problems of hand contamination
  • Human hands have both transient resident
    microbial flora
  • staff hand transmission is one of the most
    important methods of spread of hospital infection
    from patient to patient
  • Hand hygiene is the most effective method for
    preventing this spread

12
Benefits of hand hygiene
  • Practicing good hand hygiene has been shown to
  • Terminate outbreaks of diseases spread by person
    to person contact
  • Reduce the spread of multi-drug resistant
    organisms
  • Reduce overall infection rates
  • Reduce staff illness and absenteeism
  • It is the single most effective way to reduce the
    risk of spreading or acquiring infection

13
Before hand washing
  • Keep nails short
  • Remove jacket and roll sleeves back
  • Remove watches rings

14
Limited resources
  • No running water. Use a clean bowl of water
    changed between each use
  • A drum with a drain spout (tap) can be elevated
    to serve as running water
  • Frequent disruption of water. Store water in
    large receptacles whenever available
  • No paper towels. Small clean towels can be used
    discarded after each use into a bag designated
    for laundering before reuse

15
Hand Sanitizer Gel
  • Alternative to hand washing.
  • Alcohol-based gel
  • Kills 99 of microorganisms
  • Takes 20-30 sec. to dry
  • Do not use the gel when the hands are visibly
    soiled.

16
How to Use Hand Sanitizer Gel
  • Apply a small amount of hand sanitizer on your
    hands. (about 2 ml)
  • Rub hands together, covering all surfaces of the
    hands and fingers. Keep rubbing until hands are
    dry

17
How Not to Use Hand Sanitizer Gel
  • Hand sanitizer is not soap! It should not be
    washed off with water.
  • Hand sanitizer should not be used on top of
    gloves.
  • Do not use when hands are visibly soiled.
  • Do not use hand sanitizer and wash your hands.
  • Soap and water should always be your first
    choice!

18
Unsafe Hand Hygiene
  • Using a pair of gloves for a long time instead of
    practicing hand hygiene.
  • The use of spirit to decontaminate your hands.
  • The use of bleach to decontaminate your hands.
  • Reusing emptied hand sanitizer bottles without
    relabeling them.

19
Compliance with Hand Hygiene
  • Reasons for not washing hands
  • Inconvenient or no sinks
  • Lack of soap or paper towels
  • Too busy / No time
  • Soap causing skin irritation or dryness
  • Thinking the risk of transmitting disease is low
  • Understaffed / Overcrowded
  • Lack of knowledge about the value of hand hygiene

20
Guidelines for hand washing
  • Soap and sinks should be accessible.
  • Alcohol based hand gel should be available at
    the entrance to the neonates room or at each
    bedside.
  • Written procedures that encourage routine hand
    washing should exist.

21
Take home message
  • Always wash hands before and after every direct
    patient contact.
  • Gloves are not an alternative to hand hygiene.
  • The greatest challenge to hand hygiene is
    attitude.
  • It is the single most effective way to reduce the
    risk of spreading or acquiring infection

22
The end.
  • THANK YOU
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