Theology (1) Lecture Part VI: Sin

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Theology (1) Lecture Part VI Sin

• Jintae Kim, PhD
• Alliance Theological Seminary
• Nyack, NY 10960
• [phone]
• E-mail Jintae.kim_at_nyack.edu
• Website http//all4jesus.net

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Chapter 21 The Nature and Source of Sin ?? ???
?? (187-192)
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Importance

• (1) Theology
• It affects and is also affected by many
  other areas of doctrine such as theology and
  soteriology.
• (2) Ministry
• It has a marked effect upon ones view of the
  nature of ministry and the style in which one
  will conduct it.
• (3) Problems of society
• How do we deal with the problems of society?

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The Difficulty of Discussing Sin
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• (1) Sin is not a pleasant subject.
•   It depresses us and can hurt our self-image. 
  Therefore, positive thinkers are reluctant to
  discuss on sin.
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  ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????.

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• (2) People tend to blame the social structure
  or environment concerning the problem of evil
  rather than sinful nature on human being.
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  ??? ??? ??? ?? ????.
•  

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• (3) Negation of guilt has been more pervasive
  since Freud.  Many people are unable to grasp the
  concept of sin.
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  ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????.

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Biblical Perspectives on the Nature of Sin

• (1) Sin is an inward inclination.
•   Sin is not merely wrong acts, but sinfulness as
  well (Matt 521-22, 27-28).
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•  
• (2) Sin is rebelliousness and disobedience
• (Rom 214-15).

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• (3) Sin entails spiritual disability (Rom
  121,28-31 122)
•  
• (4) Sin is incomplete fulfilment of God's
  standard (1 Sam 1523 Matt 62,5,16).
•  
• (5) Sin is displacement of God (Exod 203 Mark
  1230). ???? ????? ??? ?? ?,  ???? ??? ?? ?? ??
  ?? ?, ???? ?? ??? ?.

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The Sources of Sin

• Various Conceptions
• The Biblical Teaching

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Various Conceptions on the Source of Sin
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• (1) Animal nature) Frederick R. Tennant
• Sin is simply persistence of normal instincts
  and patterns of behavior from our animal
  ancestry. Evolution. Deny the original sin.
• (2) Anxiety of Finiteness
• Reinhold Niebuhr, Albrecht Ritschl, Soren
  Kierkegaard

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• (3) Existential Estrangement Paul Tillich
• (4) Economic Struggle Marxism, Liberation
  Theology
•   James Cone, Gustavo Gutierrez
•  Structural contradiction
• (5) Individualism and Competitiveness
• Harrison S. Elliott (Union Theological
  Seminary)

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The Biblical Teaching on the Source of Sin
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• (1) Sin is not caused by God (Jam 113). 
  Responsibility for sin is placed squarely at the
  door of the individual (Jam 114-15).
• (2) Desires
• Every human has a number of natural desires
  which, while good in and of themselves, are
  potential areas for temptation and sin (1 John
  216).
• God gave the ability to control these desires.
• Temptation of Jesus Satan appealed to
  legitimate desires, but the suggested time and
  manner of fulfilment constituted the evil.

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Chapter 22 The Results of Sin (193-201)
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Results Affecting the Relationship with God
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• (1) Divine disfavor
• (2) Guilt
• It means the objective state of having
  violated Gods intention for humankind and thus
  being liable to punishment.
• (3) Punishment
• (4) Death 3 aspects
•    Physical Death (Gen 319)
•    Spiritual Death
•    Eternal Death

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Effects on the Sinner

•    (1) Enslavement to sin (Rom 617)
•    (2) Flight from Reality (Heb 927)
•    (3) Denial of sin (Gen 312)
•    (4) Self-deceit
•    (5) Insensitivity to conscience
•    (6) Self-centeredness
•    (7) Restlessness

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Effects on the Relationship to Other Humans

•    (1) Competition
•    (2) Inability to Empathize
•    (3) Rejection of Authority
•    (4) Inability to Love

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Chapter 23 The Magnitude of Sin (202-211)
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The Extent of Sin

• All humans are sinners.

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The OT Teaching

• Gen 65-11 Noahs generation.
•  
• Gen 821 Even after the flood
• Ps 141-3 Ps 53 1 Kings 846
• Isa 536

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The NT Teaching

• Rom 3
• Gal 322
• 1 John 519

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The Intensiveness of Sin
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The OT Teachings

• (1) The OT for the most part speaks of sins
  rather than of sinfulness, of sin as an act
  rather than as a state or disposition. Yet a
  distinction was drawn between sins on the basis
  of the motivation involved.
• (2) Sin is depicted as a spiritual sickness which
  afflicts the heart (Jer 179 Ezek 119 Ps 51)

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The NT Teachings

• The NT is clearer and more emphatic on these
  matters. Sin is very much a matter of he inward
  thoughts and intentions (Matt 521-22 27-28
  Luke 643-45 Rom 75 Eph 418-19 2 Tim 32-5
  Titus 15 Rom 118-32).
• In every human being there is a strong
  inclination toward evil, an inclination with
  definite effects (Rom 75, 23).

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Right Understanding on Total Depravity
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What total depravity is not

• (1) that the unregenerate person is totally
  insensitive in matters of conscience, of right
  and wrong (Rom 214-15)
• (2) that the sinful person is as sinful as one
  can possibly be.
• (3) that sinner engages in every possible form of
  sin.

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What total depravity is

• (1) that sin is a matter of the entire person
  including body, mind, emotions, and will.
• (2) that even the unregenerate persons altruism
  always contains an element of improper motive.
• (3) that sinners are completely unable to
  extricate themselves from their sinful condition.

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Theories of Original Sin

• Pelagianism
• Arminianism
• Calvinism

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Pelagianism

• (1) He was a moralist his primary concern was
  for people to live good and decent lives. Thus,
  he laid heavy emphasis upon the idea of free
  will.  
• (2) The soul, created by God specially for every
  person, is not tainted by any supposed corruption
  or guilt.

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• (3) Man has no congenital spiritual fault, Hence,
  baptism does not remove sin or guilt in infants,
  since there is none, although it may remove the
  sin of adults.  
• (4) There is no need for a special working of
  Gods grace within the heart of each individual. 
  Thus, he denied predestination and election.
• (5) Adams sin has no direct effect upon his
  descendents.

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Arminianism

• (1) Men receive from Adam a corrupted nature.
  Thus, all humans are unable, without special
  divine help, to fulfil Gods spiritual commands,
  Thus, inability is physical and intellectual, but
  not volitional.

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• (2) Whatever culpability and condemnation may
  have accrued to us through Adams sin have been
  removed through prevenient grace, a universal
  benefit of the atoning work of Christ.
• (3) Therefore, men should choose salvation by
  their own will.

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Calvinism

• (1) There is a definite connection Adams sin and
  all persons of all times.
• (2) Because all men participated in Adams sin,
  they all receive a corrupted nature along with a
  consequent inherited tendency toward sin. Thus,
  they are guilty of Adams sin.

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Connection between Adams Sin and Humanity
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(1) Federal Headship

• This view is related to the creationist view of
  the origin of the soul. Human receives his
  physical nature by inheritance from his parents,
  but the soul is specially created by God for each
  individual and united with the body at birth. 
• Thus, we were not present psychologically or
  spiritually in any of our ancestors, including
  Adam, but, bound by the covenant between God and
  Adam, we are treated as if we have actually and
  personally done what he as our representative did.

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(2) Natural Headship

• This approach is related to the traducianist view
  of the origin of the soul, according to which we
  receive our souls by transmission from our
  parents, just as we do our physical natures. So
  we were present in germinal or seminal form in
  our ancestors in a very real sense, we were there
  in Adam. His action was not merely that of one
  isolated individual, but of the entire human race.

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Biblical and Contemporary Model Ericksons View

• The key passage Rom 512-19
• Death is the consequence of sin. Death originated
  in he human race because of Adams sin. Death is
  universal and the cause of this is he universal
  sin of mankind.   

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• (1) We all were involved in Adams sin, and thus
  receive both the corrupted nature that was his
  after the fall, and the guilt and condemnation
  that attach to his sin. 
• (2) With this matter of guilt, however, just as
  with the imputation of Christs righteousness,
  there must be some conscious and voluntary
  decision on our part.

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• (3) Thus there is no condemnation until one
  reaches the age of responsibility. If a child
  dies before he or she is capable of making
  genuine moral decisions, there is only innocence,
  and the child will experience the same type of
  future existence with the Lord as will those who
  have reached the age of moral responsibility and
  had their sins forgiven as a result of accepting
  the offer of salvation based upon Christs
  atoning death.