Terrorism

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Terrorism

• Mr. Craddock

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What is Terrorism

• US premeditated, politically motivated violence
  perpetrated against noncombatant targets by
  subnational groups or clandestine agents
• UN intention to cause death or serious bodily
  harm to civilians or non-combatants with the
  purpose of intimidating a population or
  compelling a government or an international
  organization to do or abstain from doing any act.

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Terrorism or Acts of Violence or War

• North Ossetia
• Lebanon
• Sri Lanka
• Pakistan
• India
• France
• Dagestan,Russia
• Burma
• New York
• Istanbul, Turkey
• Elazig Province, Turkey

• Texas
• Guinea
• Blacksburg
• Seattle
• Uzbekistan

• Grozny, Russia
• Kosovo
• Cote dIvoire
• Yemen

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Origins of Terrorism

• The first time use of terrorism occurred during
  the Reign of Terror following the French
  Revolution
• The first known use of the term terrorist was in
  1869 by Sergey Nechayev, who wrote the "Catechism
  of a Revolutionary", a program for the "merciless
  destruction" of society and the state. - The main
  principle of the "Catechism" "the ends justify
  the means"

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Definition cont.

• Terrorism generally can be confined to three
  concepts
• Violence
• Fear
• Intimidation
• It is almost always targeted in the most public
  way against civilians in order to draw attention
  to the act

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Number of Terrorism Incidents, 2000-2008
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Types of Terrorism

• Domestic acts against ones own country
  (Oklahoma City)
• International acts that transcend national
  boundaries (9/11)
• Subnational acts committed by nongovernmental
  groups (Chechnya)
• State acts committed by agents of the
  government (Syria)

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Oklahoma City Bombing
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Types of Terrorism cont.

• Bioterrorism intentional release of toxic
  biological agents for the intent of terrorism
• Cyberterrorism usually an attack on information
  technology to disrupt an organization
• Ecoterrorism attacking disruptors of the
  environment in order to protect the environment.

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Terrorist Groups

• Basque Fatherland and Liberty (Spain)
• Irish Republican Army (N. Ireland)
• HAMAS (Palestine)
• Hezbollah (Lebanon)
• Palestinian Liberation Front (Palestine)
• Sikh Terrorism (India)

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Khalistan

• Basque

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Palestinian State
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Al Qaeda

• Established in 1989 by Osama bin Laden
• Is a fundamentalist organization seeking to rid
  Muslim nations of Westernization and secularism
  and replace with Theocracies.
• Operates out of individual cells instead of as a
  formal organization.

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Major Terrorist Incidents

• 9/11
• Munich Olympic Massacre (1972)
• Iran Hostage Crisis (1979-1981)
• Beirut Bombing (1983)
• Mumbai (2008)
• School Hostages in Russia (2004)

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Reactions to Terrorist Attacks

• Reducing or addressing the cause of terrorism
  (Basque Spain)
• Increasing international cooperation in
  surveillance of subnational groups (Arab Gulf
  States)
• Increasing security measures within the country
  (United States)
• Using military means against terrorism (United
  States)