Canine Search Specialist Training

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Canine Search Specialist Training
Unit 10 The Canine Search Specialist and Search
Operations
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Unit Objective

• At the completion of this session, you will be
  able to describe how the Canine Search Specialist
  operates within the Search Function and interacts
  with other disciplines during Task Force
  operations

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Enabling Objectives

• Identify disaster types
• Define level of searches
• Describe the types of searches
• Describe structure, search and victim markings
• Describe how the CSS can assist in TF search Ops

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Disaster Types

• Will determine the first steps in the site
  assessment/recon process

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Disaster Types, continued

• Flood

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Disaster Types, continued

• Explosion

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Disaster Types, continued

• Tornado

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Disaster Types, continued

• Hurricane

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Disaster Types, continued

• Earthquake

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Reconnaisance

• Immediate and continous
• Incident-driven and flexible
• Demands timely reporting of intel
• Structured and organized

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Purpose of Recon

• Determine scope and magnitude
• Identify hazards
• Identify search priorities
• Identify type and amount of resources needed
• Document initial findings

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Recon is not search!

• Recon
• Is the gathering of intelligence
• May be performed simultaneously as search, but is
  a different function

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Levels of Search

• Hasty Search
• Primary Search
• Secondary Search

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Hasty Search

• The HASTY search typically involves a fast- paced
  visual inspection of the area accompanied by
  vocal or audio hailing. This may be an air effort
  with surface units called in as necessary, or
  vice versa.
• Helps prioritize initial efforts
• Fact Victims may be missed in the effort to
  find as many as possible, but areas can be
  re-searched

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Primary Search

• Primary searches involve complete
  circumnavigation of buildings and other
  structures, looking in doors and windows while
  hailing for survivors and entering buildings
  where there is evidence of life and the risk to
  rescuers is acceptable.
• Use search markings

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Secondary Search

• Used to systematically search enclosed areas,
  such as each room in a particular building.
  Forced entry, debris removal or authorization for
  entry may be required.
• Searchers will need instructions on whether they
  should conduct rescues when they find survivors
  or provide information to enable others to
  perform the rescue

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Search Levels, continued

• Search operations are planned, conducted and
  documented based on needs assessments in
  coordination with the AHJ to accomplish
  mission-specific goals and requirements
• Structures/areas may require different levels of
  search within any assigned search segment.

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Search Techniques
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Search Techniques

• Physical
• Canine
• Technical

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Physical Search

• Must have an organized approach to victim locating

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Physical Search (continued)

• Most effective during daylight hours
• Most easily implemented
• Can be done with available resources
• Requires minimal training

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Physical Search (continued)

• Probably done prior to TF arrival
• Locates surface and readily accessible victims
• Hard to ensure high level of coverage
• Hard to manage large numbers of
  searchersredundant searches likely

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Physical Search (continued)

• Should involve safety personnel
• Structural Specialist
• HAZMAT personnel
• Medical
• Documentation is imperative

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Physical Void Search
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Physical Void Search (continued)

• Used in initial phase and throughout the rescue
  operation, as necessary
• Must be organized and systematic to avoid
  duplication of effort or missing areas
• Begin operation in most likely areas of
  survivability

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Physical Void Search (continued)

• Talk to persons who may have knowledge of the
  building or of possible persons inside
• Care must be taken because of need to be within
  the damaged structure during this operation
• Remember safety is your number one concern
• Know the evacuation plan and signals

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Hailing System

• Can be quickly trained incorporating the help of
  locals, which also builds good will
• Personnel are spaced 25' to 50' apart around the
  site to be searched
• Must call for silence and halt work around the
  site (may be very difficult to do)

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Hailing System (continued)

• Each searcher calls out saying "If you can hear
  me call out for help or knock five times"
  (searcher may also knock five times on an object,
  usually metal, to elicit a response)
• An attempt to get a "fix" on a response is made
• Triangulation of the sound is the means to locate
  the source and victim

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Search Patterns

• Must be an organized approach
• Includes mapping and GPS
• Remember, documentation is important

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Basic Search Patterns

• Should use a right hand pattern maintaining
  contact with the wall at all times
• A need to exit can be done by reversing your
  direction maintaining a left-hand contact with
  the wall

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Line Search

• Line search is used for a large open area

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Canine Search
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Canine Search

• Certified canine team provides the best means to
  locate trapped victims, while covering large area
  in a short amount of time
• They are able to access areas that are either too
  small or too unstable for us to enter

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Canine Search (continued)

• A safety observer is needed
• Handler must constantly be aware of the condition
  of their partner (hydration, any injuries, and
  fatigue)
• Advise STM as to what to look for when your dog
  is working and of basic commands for the canine

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Technical Search

• Three types of electronic search equipment
• Search Cam
• Fiber Optic
• Acoustic

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Search Cam

• Monitor attached to a probe with both visual and
  sound transmission and receiving capabilities

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Search Cam (continued)

• Can give a positive verification to an alert by
  canine team
• Assist with victim position and entrapment in
  rubble
• Limited to a straight line of entry into rubble
  with a 90-degree movement at the end of probe

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Fiber Optic

• A flexible tube of glass rods used to transmit an
  image back up to a lens
• End of flex tube has the ability to be moved at a
  90 angle
• No sound transmission abilities
• Difficult to guide tube into desired location
• Many TFs use rigid borescopes

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Acoustic
Delsar Compact Life Detector
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Acoustic, continued

• Used in much the same way as the hailing system
• Best as a detection device
• Can triangulate the location of a victim who is
  making a noise to attract attention
• Can be used for detection, by using two sensors
  (rotate one around the other to point at the
  victims sound)
• This can be very slow process

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Acoustic, (continued)

• May have the site shut down some operations to be
  able to listen for the victim
• Newer systems can filter out machine sounds
• Continued training is necessary to competently
  operate system

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Search tools are most effective when combined

• Always good to confirm detections with a
  different search tool

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Detection Vs. Location

• Detection tools are used to identify an area of
  possible victim(s)
• Examplecanine, delsar
• Location tools are used to identify the actual
  presence and place of victim(s)
• Examplesearch cam, physical search

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Structure, Search and Victim Markings
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Structure and Hazards Evaluation

• Will be conducted by your Structural and
  Hazardous Materials Specialists
• As first action of Recon team
• Structure ID may be done at this time
• If not already done by AHJ or Structure Triage
  Team

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Structural Markings (2 ft orange square at all
entries)
BE EASY
BE CAREFUL
NO GO
No significant hazards
OK but some hazards
High Risk Hazards Do Not Enter until
mitigation has occurred
Canine may search perimeter
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Structural Markings
14OCT04 2015 HRS HM - NATURAL GAS OR-1
Arrow indicates safest way to enter
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Maintaining Markings

• As new searches are made or conditions change new
  information will be written below original
  information or a new box will be made
• Marking boxes may also be applied to interior
  rooms or areas denoting conditions in separate
  parts of the building
• Not often done with Structure/Hazard Mark
• More common with Search Mark

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Search Markings

• A separate and distinct marking system is
  necessary to denote information concerning
  victims and hazardous locations within the
  searched area
• It is also important for accountability of search
  members

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Search Markings (continued)
When you ENTER
CA-2 2-24 1150
Search Team Identifier Date of Entry Time of
Entry
Single slash Structure or room
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Search Markings (continued)
When you exit - incomplete search
Date and Time Search Team left the structure
2-24 1520
CA-2 2-24 1150
Hazards
RATS
Total victims still inside the structure
2-L 3-D
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Search Markings (continued)
When you EXIT completed search
2-24 1520
Date and Time Search Team left the
Structure
CA-2 2-24 1150
RATS
Hazards
2-L 3-D
Total Victims still Inside the structure
Floors Searched/ or Quadrants Floors F
Quadrants Q
F 1 - 4
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Victim Markings
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Importance of standardized markings

• Internal and external consistency
• Interoperability
• Labels vs paint

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Lessons learned from Katrina
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Possible additional duties of the CSS

• Set-up, tear-down BoO
• Logs assistance
• Plans assistance
• Documentation
• Physical Search
• Pet rescue

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Possible additional duties of the CSS

• May be requested as a part of an SRT
• A Special Response Team is a team sent to a
  specific location for a specific task where there
  are likely victims, i.e., hospitals, prisons,
  shelters

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Additional duties of the CSS, continued

• Any other specialty CSS may be cross-trained in
• Gophertheres always something to do
• Rememberwe are search first, canine second

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Unit Summary and Evaluation
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Unit Summary

• Identify disaster types
• Define level of searches
• Describe the types of searches
• Describe structure, search and victim markings
• Describe how the CSS can assist in TF search Ops

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Unit Evaluation

• Please fill out the evaluation on this unit