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Beef Cattle Introduction and Breeds

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Beef Cattle Introduction and Breeds Advanced Animal Science Reeves Characteristics of the Beef Industry Segmented Industry 1. Cow/ Calf- commercial and purebred. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Beef Cattle Introduction and Breeds


1
Beef Cattle Introduction and Breeds
  • Advanced Animal Science
  • Reeves

2
Characteristics of the Beef Industry
  • Segmented Industry
  • 1. Cow/ Calf- commercial and purebred. They are
    the dictators of what's to come.
  • 2. Stocker- graze phase 300-400. Pays on gain
    (per lb).
  • 3. Feedlot - Heavy weight cattle, confined
    operation 400-500
  • 4. Packer - enemy, Take feedlot cattle, grade
    them, sent out as boxed beef.
  • 5. Purveyor- distributor
  • 6. Retailer - HEB, Kroger, Randalls
  • 7. Consumer- 5-6/ lb

3
Characteristics of the Beef Industry
  • Cow/ Calf -
  • Texas 14.1 million (ranks 1, makes up 14 of
    the total US beef)
  • Kansas 6.5 million
  • Nebraska 6.5 million
  • Feedlot-
  • 1. Texas 2.6 million
  • 2. Kansas 2.2 million
  • 3. Nebraska 2.2 million
  • 4. Missouri 2.1 million

4
Breed Selection
  • 2 Main Factors
  • 1. Genetics
  • 2. Environment
  • Genetics
  • Determine advantages, disadvantages, then market
    ability.
  • Certified Angus Beef (50 Black, typical beef
    type, no floppy ear or hump larger than 4,
    carcass avg choice or better, yield of 3 or
    better)
  • Environmental
  • Geographical environment, management env. And
    personal preference

5
Breed Selection
  • Production Criteria
  • 1. Mature Size - will it fit the environment? Do
    not outgrow your environment.
  • 2. Milk production - as milking ability
    increases, the nutritional requirements increase.
    (Ex. Simmental)
  • 3. Muscle Amount - as we increase muscling,
    fertility rate decreases. (higher muscle results
    in distocia in males and females)
  • 4. Sexual Maturity - age at puberty, when is the
    1st ovulation
  • 5. Management efficiency - easy keeper, foraging
    ability
  • 6. Biological Specie- Bos Indicus vs. Bos Taurus

6
Bos Indicus vs. Bos Taurus
  • Bos Indicus
  • Humped Breeds
  • Advantages
  • Heat resistant
  • resistant to parasites
  • Disadvantages
  • less adaptable to cold
  • lower reproductive efficiency
  • Bos Taurus
  • Non Humped Breeds
  • Advantages
  • Cold resistant
  • higher repro efficiency
  • Disadvantages
  • heat tolerance low
  • susceptible to disease

7
Breed Selection
  • British/ English
  • Angus, Shorthorn, Red Angus, Hereford, Polled
    Hereford
  • European/ Continental
  • Simmental, Gelbvieh, Salers, Maine Anjou,
    Chianina, Pinzgauer
  • American
  • Brangus, Simbrah, Santa Gertrudis, Brahmousin,
    Beefmaster, Braford

8
Hybrid Vigor
  • The crossing of 2 totally different breeds.
  • We calculate it to give us an idea of
    heritability of traits (such as color, muscle,
    milk, reproduction)
  • F1 have the most expression HV
  • Calculating HV
  • ww of offspring - Average ww of parents/ average
    ww of parents 100 HVWW
  • ww weaning weight (the weight at which an animal
    is taken off of the milk from mother)

9
Hybrid Vigor
  • Example
  • Brahman Bull 480 ww
  • Hereford Cow 500 ww
  • F1 Calf 525
  • 480500 980
  • 525- 490/490 100 7.14
  • 7HV
  • If the ww of offspring is less than the best
    parent crossbreeding is useless.

10
English/ British Breeds
11
Angus
  • Originated in Scotland
  • Taurus
  • solid Black or red
  • Polled
  • Came to America in 1873
  • resistant to harsh weather
  • Early maturing

12
Hereford
  • Originated in Hereford, England
  • Red with white head, legs, and underline
  • Purebred
  • Early maturing
  • Good tempered
  • 1817 Henry Clay

13
Polled Hereford
  • Registered American Breed, Iowa 1901
  • Red and White body, brisket and underside
  • Naturally horn-less
  • developed as an idea

14
Shorthorn
  • Originated in England
  • Red red white or roan in color
  • Originally used as a dual purpose breed for meat
    and milk
  • Sometimes called the Durham breed

15
Simmental
  • Originated in Switzerland
  • Oldest breed of cattle in the world
  • Large, powerful breed
  • Brought to the United States in 1971
  • AKA Fleck

16
European Breeds
17
Gelbvieh
  • Originated in Germany
  • Red in color, gold to rust
  • Dual Purpose breed, milk and meat
  • adaptable to broad range in climate
  • 4 most numerous breed
  • Noted for superior fertility and mothering ability

18
Charolais
  • Originated in France
  • Traditionally white in color
  • Long bodied, large cattle
  • Heavily muscled
  • Coarse looking

19
Maine Anjou
  • Originated in Northwest France
  • Dark red with white markings or black
  • Developed by crossing the Durham and Mancelle
    breed
  • Bulls 2200- 3100
  • Name came from river valleys

20
Chianina
  • Originated in West Central Italy
  • One of the oldest breeds of cattle
  • Draft animals
  • Tallest breed of beef cattle
  • Short hair that is white to steel gray
  • Terminal breed
  • high heat tolerance

21
Brahman
  • Originated in India
  • Able to survive on very little, poor feed
  • Insect heat resistant
  • Excess skin and large hump on back
  • White to gray, red to black
  • Sweat glands

22
Pinzgauer
  • Originated in European.
  • Red and white
  • Austrian name
  • good meat production
  • Certified Pinzgauers have a white tail and red
    face.

23
Salers
  • Originated in South Central France
  • Purebred
  • milk and meat
  • Typically Horned, polled red or black available.
  • Depicted in cave dwellings 7k yrs ago.
  • Survive in rough rocky terrain and harsh damp
    climates
  • major contributor to American meat market

24
Belgian Blue
  • Originated in Europe
  • Red and Black Pide with Shorthorn
  • Taurus
  • White, blue roan, some black,
  • Double muscled
  • Beef and milk
  • late maturing, mild temper

25
Limousin
  • Originated in South Central France
  • Indicus
  • Golden red
  • Sturdy and adaptable
  • Dual purpose meat and work
  • Butchers animal
  • Isolated breed, genetic interference is not a
    problem

26
American Breeds
27
Braford
  • Originated in Florida
  • 3/8 Brahman, 5/8 Hereford
  • White face with red body and red eye patches

28
Texas Longhorn
  • Developed entirely by nature in North America
  • Known for its long horns
  • High fertility
  • Were near extinction in 1927

29
Santa Gertrudis
  • Developed on the King Ranch in Texas
  • All Santa Gertrudis are descendants of the bull,
    Monkey
  • 3/8 Brahman bulls, 5/8 Shorthorn cows
  • hair is long in cold climates and short in hot
    climates
  • Direct descendant from bull Monkey
  • Feedlot efficient

30
Brahmousin
  • American
  • 3/8 Brahman, 5/8 Limousin
  • Purebred
  • Dark mahogany to light tan color
  • at least 1/4 Limousin And 1/4 Brahman to be
    recorded

31
Red Brangus
  • Originated in So. Texas
  • 3/8 Brahman, 5/8 Angus
  • developed in 30s
  • Bulls breed till 10 yrs
  • Cows till 14 yrs

32
Simbrah
  • Developed in humid areas along the Gulf Coast
  • 3/8 Brahman, 5/8 Simmental
  • Known as The All Purpose American Breed
  • High fertility and Early maturing

33
Beefmaster
  • Originated Lasater Ranch, American
  • 1/4 Hereford, 1/4 Shorthorn, 1/2 Brahman
  • Brownish Red most common
  • 6 essentials
  • Weight
  • Conformation
  • Milking ability
  • Fertility
  • Hardiness
  • Disposition

34
Brangus
  • Originated in US 1932, USDA experiment station in
    LA.
  • 3/8 Brahman, 5/8 Angus
  • solid black, can be red
  • calves are large
  • adaptable to all climates
  • good mothering ability
  • good feedlot efficiency
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