Applied Chem. C3 Notes

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Applied Chem. C3 Notes

• Development of the Periodic Table

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C3 Section 1 Vocabulary

• Periodicity
• Periodic Law

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C3-1 Search for a Periodic Table

• 1829 JW Dobereiner (old German guy)
• Classified elements into 3 groups
• Triads
• Similar properties

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Mendeleevs Periodic Table

• 1869 Russian Chemist
• Studied properties of elements
• Arranged elements in repeating pattern of
  increasing atomic mass

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Mendeleevs Table
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Why this Mendeleevs table is special!

• Periodicity Tendency to recur at regular
  intervals.
• Mendeleev correctly predicted the properties of
  several undiscovered elements.
• Left blank spaces for undiscovered elements
• Formed basis for modern periodic table

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Modern Periodic Table
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Characteristics of Modern PT

• Arranged by atomic number and not atomic mass.
• Find where the atomic number increases but atomic
  mass decreases.
• Periods (rows)
• Groups (columns)

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Periodic Law

• Physical and chemical properties of the elements
  repeat in a regular pattern when they are
  arranged in order of increasing atomic number

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C3 Section 2 Vocabulary

• Period Metalloid
• Group Semiconductor
• Noble Gas
• Metal
• Transition metal
• Lanthanide
• Actinide
• Nonmetal

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C1 Section 2 Using the Periodic Table

• Periods (rows)
• Represent the energy levels electrons can occupy.
• Each new period has a new energy level
• Groups (columns)
• Sometimes called a family
• All elements in a group have similar properties

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Names of Groups
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Physical States and Classes of Elements

• Metals are elements that have luster, conduct
  heat and electricity, and usually bend without
  breaking
• Majority of elements

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Where are metals located on periodic table?
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Transition metals

• Elements in groups 3-12
• Commonplace Silver (Ag), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe),
  Zinc (Zn)
• Some radioactive
• Not as predictable in properties as main group
  elements

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Inner Transition Metals

• LanthanidesAtomic numbers 57 (Lanthanum) to 71.
• Not naturally abundant on earth
• Called rare earth
• All lanthanides have similar properties
• ActinidesAtomic numbers 90-103
• Unpredictable properties

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Characteristics of Nonmetals

• Many nonmetals are abundant in nature.
• Examples include oxygen and nitrogen that make of
  99 of atmosphere.
• Dont conduct electricity.
• Poor conductors of heat.
• Brittle when solid.
• Many nonmetals are gases at room temperature.

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Metalloids

• Some properties of metals and some properties of
  nonmetals
• Lie between the border of metals and nonmetals
• Some metalloids are semiconductors

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• Silicon (Si), germanium (Ge) and arsenic (As) are
  metalloids that are semiconductors.
• Look at your phone for uses of semiconductors!

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Electrical Conduction of Semiconductor
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Doped Semiconductors