ACORN WOODPECKER

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ACORN WOODPECKER
OAK
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EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY
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EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY ADAPTATION
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(NATURAL SELECTION)
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MORPHOLOGICAL A.
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PHYSIOLOGICAL A.
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BEHAVIORAL A. ???????????????????
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MORPHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION
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HOOK
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MUSCLE
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Sagittaria ??????????????????
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MORPHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION
PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION
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.???????..?????????????
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BEHAVIORAL ADAPTATION
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???
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PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT????????????????????
NOURISHMENT???????????????
PREDATION??????
REPRODUCTION????????????
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????????????????????? PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
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??????????????????????????????????????????
??????????(BUTTRESS)
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?????????????????? ???????????? ????
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Australian burrowing frog
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Brewer 1994
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????????????..DIURNAL ????????????..NOCTURNAL
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????????????????? ????????? ????????????????????
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Yarrow
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mistletoe
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ADAPT FOR NOURISHMENT
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MYCORRHIZAE
??????? HIGHER PLANT ??? SOIL FUNGI
????? ?????????????? Mycorrhizae
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????????????..??????????????????????????
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CARNIVOROUS PLANTS
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8-7
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VENUS FLYTRAP ??????????
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????????????..
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PITCHER PLANT ??????????????????
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SUNDEW ???????????
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(No Transcript)
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PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT NOURISHMENT
PREDATION
PREDATOR PREY ??????.??????
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???????????????????????????
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cheetah
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HONEY-GUIDE RATEL
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(No Transcript)
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???????????..SECRETARY BIRD
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???????????????????
INCISOR
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CANINE
MOLAR
PREMOLAR
INCISOR,CANINE, PREMOLAR,MOLAR
8-10
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PREDATOR
???????????????????????????(PREY)
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STRUCTURAL DEFENSES
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8-11
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BEHAVIORAL DEFENSES
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?????????????????????? THREAT POSTURE
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???????????????? (DEATH POSTURE)
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OPOSSUM
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INJURY-FEIGNING DISPLAY KILLDEER
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???????????????????(ALARM CALL)
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STRUCTURAL DEFENSES BEHAVIORAL DEFENSES
CHEMICAL DEFENSES
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8-12
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???
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SECONDARY COMPOUNDS
??????????????? PRIMARY
COMPOUNDS ??
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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8-12
???????????????????????????? ???????? 6 ?????
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?????????????..SECONDHAND
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ARTHROPODS
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8-12
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QUINONES ..BOMBARDIER BEETLES
????? ???????????????????????? 100 ????
??????????????????????? 2 ???? mix
HYDROQUINONE,H2O2 mix CATALASE,PEROXIDASE
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TETRODOTOXIN..??????????????
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ASIAN GOBY FISH
AMERICAN NEWT
COSTA RICAN FROG
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CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES ????????????????????????????
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MONARCH BUTTERFLY ???????????????????????
(MILKWEED)
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MONARCH BUTTERFLY
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NUDIBRANCH.SEA SLUG
8-12
?????????? ??? ???? NEMATOCYST
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PREY DEFENSES
STRUCTURAL D. BEHAVIORAL D. CHEMICAL D.
COLORATIONAL DEFENSES
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