Progressivism and the WWI Home Front

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Progressivism and the WWI Home Front

• I. Early Protest
• II. Theodore Roosevelt
• III. Roosevelt, Taft and Wilson
• World War One Home Front
• Civil Liberties

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I. Early Protest
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Percentage of Wealth Owned by Richest 2 of the
Population
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J. P. Morgans 1600 ton steam yacht
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Average Work Week for Laborer

• 52 Hours

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Child Working in the Coal Mines
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American Children in 1910

• Only 1/3 enrolled in primary schools completed
  their courses.
• Less than 1/10 finished high school

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Eugene V. Debs

• Too long have the workers of the world waited
  for some Moses to lead them out of bondage. I
  would not lead you out if I could for if you
  could be led out, you could be led back again. I
  would have you make up your minds there is
  nothing that you cannot do for yourselves.

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1912
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Theodore Dreiser

• Our civilization is still in a middle stage,
  scarcely beast, in that it is no longer wholly
  guided by instinct scarcely human, in that it is
  not yet wholly guided by reason.

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Henry Demarest Lloyd, Author of Wealth Against
Commonwealth (1896)
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Upton Sinclairs The Jungle

• Other men . . . worked in tank-rooms full of
  steam, . . . in which there were open vats upon
  the level of the floor, their particular trouble
  was that they fell into the vats . . . .
  Sometimes they would be overlooked for days, til
  all but the bones of them had gone out to the
  world as Andersons Pure Beef Lard!

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Jane Addams
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II. Theodore Roosevelt
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Theodore Roosevelt

• The absolute vital question, was whether the
  government had power to control the trusts.

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Popular Pressure to continue Trust Busting, 1905
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Hepburn Act, 1906
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Origins of Food and Drug Administration
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Theodore Roosevelt expanded the National Park
System by 125 million acres.
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1902 Cartoon
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No harm came from the concentration of power in
one mans hands, provided the holder does not
keep it for more than a certain, definite time,
and then returns it to the people from which it
sprang. - Theodore Roosevelt
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Roosevelt Engineered Tafts Nomination in 1908
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III. Roosevelt, Taft Wilson
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Split in the Republican Party, 1910
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The New Nationalism

• Womens suffrage
• Popular election of United States Senators
• Conservation of natural resources
• Restriction of child labor
• Workers compensation
• A Federal income tax
• An inheritance tax

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Woodrow Wilson
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The New Freedom

• Free men need no Guardians

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Election of 1912
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Trusts Using the Mallet of the Tariff to Drive Up
Profits at the Expense of the Consumer
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Anti-Trust Cartoon
This Sentiment led to the Creation of the Federal
Trade Commission
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IV. World War One Home Front
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Woodrow Wilson on War

• It is not an army that we must shape and train
  for war, it is a nation.

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Training Doughboys for World War One
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One of the Commission on Training Camp Activities
Sin Free Zones
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Rise in Federal Budget
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2/3 of the money came from bonds
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Revenue Act of 1916

• Raised taxes on high incomes and corporate
  profits.
• Estate tax.

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War Revenue Act of 1917

• Provided a steeply graduated personal income tax.
• Created a corporate income tax.
• Placed excise taxes on alcohol, tobacco, and
  luxury goods .

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War Industries Board (1917)
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V. Civil Liberties
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Early Poster Printed by the Committee on Public
Information during World War One
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Movie Titles from the Committee on Public
Information

• The Kaiser
• The Beast of Berlin
• To Hell with the Kaiser

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Another Poster from the Committee on Public
Information. Propaganda helped to sell war bonds,
combat absenteeism in factories, and reconcile
some doubters of the war effort, but only at a
price.
For Instance---
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The Loyalty of German-Americans was Suspected

• Americans stopped speaking German.
• Sixteen states banned the teaching of German.
• American Germans Anglicized their last names.

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Symphonies refused to play Bach or Beethoven
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In Cincinnati pretzels were removed from lunch
counters.
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Sauerkraut became liberty cabbage.
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Dachshunds became liberty pups.
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Espionage Act of 1917

• Made it illegal to help the enemy, obstruct
  recruiting, or incite rebellion within the armed
  services.
• Allowed the Postmaster to deny use of the mail to
  any publication that in his opinion advocated
  forcible resistance to the laws
• Penalties were up to 20 years in jail and 10,000
  fine.

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The Sabotage and Sedition Acts

• Empowered the Federal government to punish any
  expression of opinion that, regardless of whether
  or not it led to action, was disloyal, profane,
  scurrilous or abusive of the American form of
  government, flag, or uniform.

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Over 1500 People were Arrested

• Many others
• were persecuted in different ways

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The Women's Peace Party was denied the use of the
mails
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The government put Jane Addams under observation
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The Spirit of 76

• The government sued the producer of a film about
  the American Revolution titled The Spirit of
  '76, because it questioned the good faith of
  our ally, Great Britain.

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The official name of the case was The United
States v. The Spirit of 76.

• The producer
• received a ten year prison sentence.