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Psyc 552 Ergonomics

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Title: Psyc 552 Ergonomics


1
Psyc 552Ergonomics Biomechanics
  • Lecture 3

2
Anatomy Work Evaluation
  • Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy.
  • The objective is to visualize the structures
    below the skin.

3
Anatomical Position
  • Standing erect
  • Head, eyes, toes forward
  • Heels and toes together
  • Upper limbs handing by side
  • Palms facing anteriorly.

4
Anatomical Planes
  • Median
  • Sagittal
  • Coronal
  • Horizontal, transverse, axial

Image from http//www.spineuniverse.com/displayart
icle.php/article1023.html
5
Directional Terms
  • Superior
  • Inferior
  • Anterior
  • Posterior

6
Directional Terms (cont)
  • Medial
  • Lateral
  • Proximal
  • Distal

7
Directional Terms
  • Superficial
  • Deep
  • Parietal
  • Visceral
  • Ipsilateral
  • Contralateral

8
Describing Movement
  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Hyperextension
  • Abduction

9
Describing Movement (cont)
  • Abduction
  • Adduction
  • Opposition
  • Protraction

10
Describing Movement (cont)
  • Retraction
  • Elevation
  • Depression
  • Circumduction

11
Describing Movement (cont)
  • Rotation
  • Medial rotation
  • Lateral rotation

12
Describing Movement (cont)
  • Eversion of the foot
  • Inversion of the foot

13
Connective tissue
  • Bones, ligaments, tendons, fascia, and cartilage
    are all connective tissue.
  • Connective tissue provides

14
Bones
  • Osteology (osteon bone logos study) can be
    considered bone or tissue.
  • Divided into two groups

15
Long bones
  • Shaft / Diaphysis
  • Head / Epiphyses

Image from http//www.gen.umn.edu/courses/1135/lab
/appendskellab/head.jpg
16
Bone Physiology
  • Cortical bone compact bone
  • Cancellous bone trabecular bone

17
Bone Architecture
  • Bone structure varies according to its function
  • Long bones are rigid

18
  • Tubercles and tuberosities and ridges and crests
    increase rigidity

19
Bone Architecture (cont)
  • Bone elasticity results from organic matter
  • Rigidity results from lamella

20
Image from http//www.med.uiuc.edu/histo/large/atl
as/image/b11/20a3.htm
21
Bone Architecture (cont)
  • Spongy bone

Image from http//cellbio.utmb.edu/microanatomy/bo
ne/spongy_bone_histology.htm
22
Factors affecting bones
23
The Spine
  • 7 cervical
  • 12 thoracic
  • 5 lumbar

Image fromhttp//www.spineuniverse.com/displayarti
cle.php/article1286.html
24
  • Lordosis
  • Concave anteriorly convex posteriorly
  • Kyphosis
  • Convex anteriorly and concave posteriorly

Image from http//www.spineuniverse.com/displayart
icle.php/article1277.html
25
Joints
  • Arthrology (arthros joints logos study)
  • Types
  • Fibrous joints
  • Cartilaginous
  • Synovial

26
Fibrous Joints
Image from http//www.botany.uwc.ac.za/sci_ed/grad
e10/manphys/joints.htm
27
Cartilaginous Joints
Image from http//www.botany.uwc.ac.za/sci_ed/grad
e10/manphys/joints.htm
28
Synovial Joints
Image from http//moon.ouhsc.edu/dthompso/namics/j
oints.HTMsynovial
29
Synovial Joints (cont)
30
Joint Lubrication
  • Boundary lubrication
  • Squeeze film lubrication

31
Joint Movements
  • Limited by
  • Tension of ligaments muscles
  • Tension of antagonist muscle
  • Greatest means of increasing joint flexibility is
    to increase muscle length.

32
Types of cartilage
  • Hyaline
  • Fibrocartilage
  • Elastic cartilage

33
Factors Affecting Cartilage
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